consultant -...
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Client:
Executive Engineer,
Border Road Project Division-II,
CPWD, Chungthang, North Sikkim
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High
Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery
DETAILED PROJECT REPORT(TOONG-PARTEM-PT4865)
JOB ORDER No.: SMC/Highway/2017/644
(ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN REPORT)
Consultant:
S. M. Consultants,
Plot No.-130, S. M. Tower, Mancheswar
Industrial Estate, Rasulgarh, BBSR,
Odisha-751010
Environmental Consultant:
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery EIA & EMP REPORT
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................ i
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ v
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. vi
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ vii
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 Details of Proponent .................................................................................. 2
1.3 Project Description: ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Project as per EIA Notification 2006 ......................................................... 5
Chapter 2 Project Description ............................................................................ 7
2.1 Broader details of the Project, Location and Alignment............................. 7
2.2 Methodology ............................................................................................. 8
2.3 Project Description ................................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Sikkim ................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 North Sikkim District ........................................................................ 10
2.3.3 Details of Roads ................................................................................ 12
2.3.4 Details of Villages and Towns ............................................................ 15
2.3.5 Terrain and Landuse ......................................................................... 15
2.3.6 Carriageway and Formation Width ................................................... 18
2.3.7 Pavement Condition .......................................................................... 18
2.3.8 Junctions .......................................................................................... 19
2.3.9 Other Features .................................................................................. 19
2.3.10 Landslide Regions ........................................................................... 19
2.3.11 Bridges & CD Structures ................................................................... 19
2.4 Proposed Improvement of the Project Road............................................ 19
2.4.1 Geometric Design Standards ............................................................. 20
2.4.2 Traffic ............................................................................................... 20
2.4.3 Soil Parameters ................................................................................. 20
Grain size analysis ........................................................................................ 21
2.5 Pavement Alternatives ............................................................................ 21
2.5.1 Flexible Pavement ............................................................................. 21
2.5.2 Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen ........................ 21
2.5.3 Rigid Pavement ................................................................................. 22
2.5.4 Paver Blocks ...................................................................................... 22
2.6 Right-of-Way ........................................................................................... 23
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2.7 Design of Pavement ................................................................................. 23
2.7.1 Cross Section Elements & Alignment ................................................. 24
2.8 Design of Embankment / Hill Cutting...................................................... 25
2.9 Pavement Proposal ................................................................................. 25
2.10 Shoulder Design .................................................................................... 26
2.11 Culverts & Bridge: .................................................................................. 28
2.12 Slope Protection works: ......................................................................... 37
2.12.1 Breast Wall .................................................................................... 37
2.12.2 Retaining Wall ............................................................................... 37
2.13 Drainage ................................................................................................ 37
2.14 Road Sign and Markings ........................................................................ 38
2.15 Road Furniture ...................................................................................... 38
2.15.1 W-Beam Crash Barrier ..................................................................... 38
2.15.2 Parapet cum Guard Wall .................................................................. 38
2.15.3 Rock Fall Barrier ............................................................................. 38
2.16 Communication Facility ........................................................................ 38
2.17 Natural Resources Requirement ............................................................ 41
Chapter 3 Description of Environment ............................................................ 43
3.1 General .................................................................................................... 43
3.2 Physical Environment ............................................................................. 43
3.2.1 Ground and Surface Water Quality .................................................... 47
3.2.2 Air Quality ......................................................................................... 49
3.2.3 Noise Quality ..................................................................................... 50
3.3 Ecological Resources ............................................................................... 50
3.3.1 Biological Resources .......................................................................... 50
3.4 AREAS OF CONCERN .............................................................................. 50
Chapter 4 Potential Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures .............. 53
4.1 General .................................................................................................... 53
4.2 Impact on Environmental Resources ...................................................... 53
4.2.1 Water Environment ........................................................................... 53
4.2.2 Land Requirement ............................................................................ 54
4.2.3 Air Environment ........................................................................... 55
4.2.4 Noise Environment ........................................................................ 57
4.2.5 Landslides ..................................................................................... 57
4.2.6 IMPACT ON HUMAN USE VALUES ............................................... 58
4.3 Impact on Ecological Resources .......................................................... 58
4.3.1 Impact on Vegetation ......................................................................... 58
4.3.2 Impact on Wildlife & Forest .............................................................. 59
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4.4 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ....................... 59
4.5 EVALUATION OF IMPACT ................................................................... 59
4.6 Costs and Budget ................................................................................. 93
CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ............................. 95
5.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 95
5.2 EMP During Construction Phase ............................................................. 95
5.3 EMP During Operation Phase .................................................................. 96
5.4 Monitoring Plan ...................................................................................... 97
5.4.1 Scope of the Monitoring and Follow Plan .......................................... 97
5.5 Environmental Reporting System ......................................................... 107
5.6 MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................. 109
CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................... 112
6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................................................................... 112
6.1.1 Stakeholders in the Project ............................................................... 112
6.1.2 Public Consultation in the Project .................................................... 112
6.1.3 Objectives ......................................................................................... 113
6.1.4 Consultation sessions ....................................................................... 113
6.1.5 Consultation during Design: ............................................................. 114
6.1.6 Identification of issues: .................................................................... 114
6.1.7 Addressals of general issues and concerns: ...................................... 114
6.1.8 Key findings of the consultation ....................................................... 115
6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................... 116
6.2.1 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................. 116
6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RISK....................... 117
6.2.3 Analysis of Risks .............................................................................. 118
6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .............. 126
6.3.1 Loss of Land .................................................................................... 126
6.3.2 Impact on Structures ....................................................................... 127
6.3.3 Impact on Trees ............................................................................... 127
6.3.4 Child Labour .................................................................................... 127
6.3.5 Road Safety ...................................................................................... 127
6.3.8 Utility Relocation ............................................................................. 127
6.4 MUCK DISPOSAL PLAN ......................................................................... 127
Chapter 7 Project Benefits ............................................................................... 131
7.1 Benefits for Army Purpose ...................................................................... 131
7.2 Employment Opportunity ....................................................................... 131
Chapter 8 Environment Management Plan .................................................... 133
8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 133
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8.2 Project Background .............................................................................. 133
8.3 Salient Features .................................................................................... 133
8.4 Scope of Works ..................................................................................... 134
8.5 Environmental Management Plan ......................................................... 134
8.5.1 Objectives of the EMP .......................................................................135
8.5.2 Meeting the EMP Objectives .............................................................135
8.6 Critical Impacts to be Addressed ........................................................... 136
8.7 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures ...................................... 136
8.8 Environmental Management Budget...................................................... 174
Chapter 9 Disclosure of Consultant ................................................................. 176
12.2 Laboratory ............................................................................................ 177
12.3 Project Team ........................................................................................ 177
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: DISTRICT PROFILE OF NORTH SIKKIM DISTRICT ............................... 10
TABLE 2: DETAILS OF ROADS ........................................................................................ 12
TABLE 3: DETAILS OF TERRAIN & LAND USE PATTERN FOR ROAD ................ 15
TABLE 4: SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE PROJECT STRETCH ................................... 21
TABLE 5: PROPOSED PAVEMENT CRUST ................................................................... 23
TABLE 6: SHARP CURVE DETAILS ............................................................................... 25
TABLE 7: SUMMARY OF PROPOSED VERTICAL ALIGNMENT ............................. 25
TABLE 8: DEVELOPMENT SCHEME ............................................................................. 26
TABLE 9: CULVERT DETAILS ......................................................................................... 28
TABLE 10: LIST OF PROPOSED MINOR BRIDGE ...................................................... 36
TABLE 11: CHAINAGES WITH DRAIN PROVISION .................................................. 37
TABLE 12: LIST SIGNS TO BEPROVIDED ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDOR . 38
TABLE 13: DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ........................................... 41
TABLE 14: GROUND WATER QUALITY NEAR THE PROJECT ROAD .................. 48
TABLE 15: SURFACE WATER QUALITY ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD .............. 49
TABLE 16: ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET ....................................................................... 93
TABLE 17: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AT CONSTRUCTION STAGE.................................................................................................................................................. 95
TABLE 18: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN AT OPERATION STAGE .. 97
TABLE 19: MONITORING PLAN DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ....................98
TABLE 20: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ................................................... 100
TABLE 21: STAGE-WISE REPORTING SYSTEM OF CPWD ................................... 108
TABLE 22: PUBLIC CONSULTATION GROUPS ......................................................... 113
TABLE 23: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ADDRESSAL .................................................. 114
TABLE 24: EVALUATION OF RISK ANALYSIS USING RII .................................... 120
TABLE 25: LAND REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................. 126
TABLE 26: MUCK DISPOSAL DETAILS ...................................................................... 128
TABLE 27: SUMMARY OF SALIENT FEATURES OF PROJECT ROAD ................ 133
TABLE 28: CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED ............ 136
TABLE 29: ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN .................................................... 171
TABLE 30: ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET .................................................................... 174
TABLE 31: TEAM MEMBERS FOR EIA EVALUATION .............................................177
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: INDEX MAP ....................................................................................................... 2
FIGURE 2: PROJECT STRETCH (TOONG – PT 4865) ................................................. 9
FIGURE 3: CLIMATE GRAPH OF CHUNGTHANG ...................................................... 11
FIGURE 4: CLIMATE GRAPH OF CHUNGTHANG ...................................................... 11
FIGURE 5: RIVERS FLOWING IN NORTH SIKKIM ................................................... 12
FIGURE 6: LAND-USE PATTERN OF PROJECT ROAD ............................................. 15
FIGURE 7: EXISTING FOOT TRACKS ............................................................................ 18
FIGURE 8: JUNCTION AT START OF THE PROJECT ROAD ................................... 19
FIGURE 9: PROPOSED TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION .................................................. 26
FIGURE 10: CONTOUR GENERATED FOR THE PROJECT ROAD ......................... 43
FIGURE 11: LANDUSE PATTERN MAP.......................................................................... 46
FIGURE 12: DRAINAGE PATTERN MAP ....................................................................... 47
FIGURE 13: FOREST MAP OF SIKKIM .......................................................................... 51
FIGURE 14: PROTECTED AREAS OF SIKKIM ............................................................. 51
FIGURE 15: FLOW DIAGRAM OF RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................ 116
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ABBREVIATIONS
CPWD : Central Public Works Department
MORTH : Ministry of Road Transport & Highway
AASHTO : American Association of State Highway and Official
BRPC : Border Road Project Circle
NRSC : National Remote Sensing Centre
ITBP : Indo-Tibetan Border Police
MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forest
IRC : Indian Road Congress
BIS : Bureau of Indian Standards
EPC : Engineering Procurement Contract
PPP : Public Private Partnership
DBFOT : Design, Build Finance Operate & Transfer
ToR : Term of Reference
QAP : Quality Assurance Plan
GPS : Global Positioning System
DEM : Digital Elevation Map
TS : Total Station
DTM : Digital Terrain Model
BMS : Bench Mark Stations
ESAL : Equivalent Standard Axle Load
VDF : Vehicle Damage Factor
MSA : Million Standard Axle
AADT : Average Annual Daily Traffic
ADT : Annual Daily Traffic
TVC : Total Vehicle Count
OD : Origin-Destination
PCU : Passenger Car Unit
GSDP : Gross State Domestic Product
CBR : California Bearing Ratio
OMC : Optimum Moisture Content
DCPT : Dynamic Cone Penetration Test
BOQ : Bill of Quantities
SOR : Schedule of Rates
GAD : General Arrangement Drawing
ROW : Right of Way
ROB : Railway Over Bridge
RUB : Railway Under Bridge
HFL : High Flood Level
LWL : Low water Level
LTL : Low Tide Level
HTL : High Tide Level
IRR : Internal Rate of Return
COD : Commercial Operations Date
INTRODUCTION
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Introduction
1.1 Background
1.1.1 Purpose of the project:
The awarded project stretch has no economic lining within the project corridor but has tracks of
ITBP Army Troops As of now the ITBP relies on sport-utility vehicle, also known as SUV, and foot
patrolling to scale mountainous tracks of the 3488 km-long India-China border that runs along
Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. This urges
the necessity of roads for proper communication to the border area for regular patrolling.
1.1.2 Brief Description of the Project
The project road starts from Toong (0.000 km) and ends on PT 4865 (84.425 km). The
road lies completely in the district of North Sikkim, Sikkim. The length of the road is
84.425 km. The road passes through no settlements. The project stretch has no existing
road throughout the stretch only foot tracks are found at few locations.
1.1.3 Project Name
Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-
II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery
(Toong-Partem-PT 4865 in the state of Sikkim: 84.425 km)
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Detailed Project Report for Additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim using Satellite Imagery EIA & EMP REPORT
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Figure 1: Index Map
1.1.4 Importance to the region and country
The project road is solely dedicated for the movement of army patrolling and activities for
national security.
1.2 Details of Proponent
1.2.1 Profile of the Project Proponent
CPWD, is a premier Central Government authority in charge of public sector works. The Central
Public Works Department, under the Ministry of Urban Development now MoHUA (Ministry of
Housing and Urban Affairs), deals with buildings, roads, bridges, flyovers, complicated structures
like stadiums, auditoriums, laboratories, bunkers, border fencing, border roads (hill roads), etc.
CPWD came into existence in July 1854 when Lord Dalhousie established a central agency for
execution of public works and set up Ajmer Provincial Division. It has now grown into a
comprehensive construction management department, which provides services from project
concept to completion, and maintenance management.
It is headed by the Director General (DG) who is also the Principal Technical Advisor to the
Government of India. The regions and sub-regions are headed by Special DGs and Additional DGs
respectively, while the zones in all state capitals (except a few) are headed by Chief Engineers.
Nowadays, a new post of Chief Project Manager (CPM) has been created to head major prestigious
projects of CPWD. CPMs are equivalent to the rank of Chief Engineers in CPWD. With country wide
presence, the strength of CPWD is its ability to undertake construction of Complex Projects even
in difficult terrains and maintenance in post construction stage.
Toong
PT 4865
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Functions of CPWD
Following are the core functions of CPWD
Design, construction and maintenance of Central Government non- residential buildings
other than those for Railways, Communications, Atomic Energy, Defence Services, All India
Radio, Doordarshan and Airports (IAAI & NAA).
Construction and maintenance of residential accommodation meant for Central Government
Employees.
Construction works for Central Police Organizations i.e. CRPF, CISF, BSF, and ITBP as well as
maintenance of assets of CRPF and CISF assigned to CPWD.
Construction works for establishments under the Cabinet Secretariat i.e. SSB, SIB etc.
Construction works for public sector undertakings not having their engineering organization,
other Government Organisations, Autonomous bodies and institutions as deposit work.
“Deposit Works” are such works, which are undertaken at the discretion of the Director
General, CPWD for which the outlay is provided wholly or in part from
a) Funds of a public nature but not included in the financial estimates and accounts of the
Union of India.
b) Contributions from the public.
Providing consultancy services in planning, designing and construction of civil engineering
projects, as and when required by public undertaking and other autonomous bodies.
Construction of Embassy and other buildings / projects abroad at the request of Ministry of
External Affairs and other Ministries.
Defence / Security related works assigned by the government such as border fencing & flood
lighting works and Indo China Border Road Works (ICBR).
Construction of roads under PMGSY and RSVY programme. To undertake works under
PPP/Alternate Funding mode.
1.2.2 Address and Contact Details
Office ID NER-ADG B-IBBZ II-SIKKIM BORDER ROAD PROJECT CIRCLE
BRPD-I,CHUNGTHANG
Office Name BRPD I,CHUNGTHANG,CPWD
Address CHUNGTHANG, NORTH SIKKIM, NORTH SIKKIM, SIKKIM
Pin/Zip 737120
Office Ph. 1 03592-276801
E-mail [email protected]
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1.2.3 Organisational Chart
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1.2.3 Project Consultant
In the above backdrop, BRPD-II, CPWD, Chungthang has appointed M/s S. M. Consultants as
consultant for carrying out the feasibility study and preparation of detailed project report of the
project highway.
Office Name S. M. Consultants
Address Plot No.: 130, S.M. Tower, Mancheswar Industrial Estates, Rasulgarh,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Pin/Zip 751010
Office Ph. 1 0674-2580682, 2580683
Fax 2580686
E-mail [email protected]
1.3 Project Description:
The project road starts from Toong (0.00 km) and ends on Tamze (84.425 km). The road lies
completely in the Chungthang subdivision of North Sikkim, Sikkim. The length of the road is
84.425 km. The road passes through no settlements. The road is in hilly and steep terrain with
landslide prone areas at few stretches. The project stretch has no existing road throughout the
stretch only cart tracks are found at few locations.
1.4 Project as per EIA Notification 2006
As per the EIA notification, the project does not attract any provision of General Conditions of
Environmental Impact. The project comes under Category B2. The following has been briefed as
below:
i) The project road does not exceed 100 km. It is of 84.425 km.
ii) The ROW acquired for the project road development is only 20 m.
iii) The minister of environment, forests and climate change, enable states to clear
defence projects falling within 100 km of Line of Actual Control (LAC) without
approaching the Centre for environment clearances. As the project road is connecting
the Indo-China Border, it falls within the 100km of LAC. As per, notification of MoEF
dated August 2015 exemption to all highway projects in border States from scoping
requirement and exempting all linear projects in border States from the requirement
of public hearing subject to suitable conditions prescribed by the Ministry.
Hence, it is stated to confirm that, the project meets all central/state and local environmental
regulations and standards.
There are no litigations pending against the proposed project and no laws or order passed
by any court of law/any statutory authority against the project.
PROJECT
DESCRIPTION
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Chapter 2 Project Description
2.1 Broader details of the Project, Location and Alignment
Sikkim, a north-eastern state of India borders Tibet on its north and east, Bhutan in its east, Nepal
in its west and Indian state of West Bengal on the south. It is located close to Siliguri corridor near
Bangladesh. It is only connected by road to the remaining states of the country with the nearest
airport in West Bengal. The state has 4 districts with major area and mountain ranges in North
Sikkim. The district capital of North Sikkim is Mangan with sub division at Chungthang.
The Indian Army has control over a large part of the state, as Sikkim forms part of a sensitive
border area with China. Because of its hilly terrain and poor transport infrastructure, Sikkim lacks
a large-scale industrial base. Brewing, distilling, tanning and watchmaking are the main
industries, and are mainly located in the southern regions of the state, primarily in the towns
of Melli and Jorethang. In addition, a small mining industry exists in Sikkim, extracting minerals
such as copper, dolomite, talc, graphite, quartzite, coal, zinc and lead. Despite the state's minimal
industrial infrastructure, Sikkim's economy has been among the fastest-growing in India since
2000; the state's GDP expanded by 89.93 per cent in 2010 alone. In 2003, Sikkim decided to
convert fully to organic farming statewide, and achieved this goal in 2015, becoming India's first
"organic state". Sikkim's roads are maintained by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), an
offshoot of the Indian Army. The roads in southern Sikkim are in relatively good condition,
landslides being less frequent in this region. The state government maintains 1,857 kilometres
(1,154 mi) of roadways that do not fall under the BRO's jurisdiction.
The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of India,
raised on 24 October 1962, under the CRPF Act, in the wake of the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The
ITBP was intended for deployment along India's border with China's Tibet Autonomous Region.
ITBP is a multi-dimensional force which primarily has 5 functions:
1. Vigil on the northern borders, detection and prevention of border violations, and
promotion of the sense of security among the local populace.
2. Check illegal immigration and trans-border smuggling
3. Provide security to sensitive installations and threatened VIPs
4. Restore and preserve order in any area in the event of disturbance
5. to maintain the peace
Presently, battalions of ITBP are deployed on border guard duties from Karakoram
Pass in Ladakh to Diphu La in Arunachal Pradesh, covering 3488 km of the India-China border.
India is in a wake to construct roads connecting to the Indo China border intended to ease the
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movement of troops and military hardware in the event of a border conflict. The roads are being
developed by BRO which has 73 roads under proposal and CPWD.
In this backdrop, CPWD has created a division for construction and maintenance of the border
roads i.e. Border Road Project Division. The Executive Engineer, Border Road Project Division-I,
CPWD, Chungthang, North Sikkim on behalf of the President of India the National Highways of the
state has sought consultancy services for preparation of Detailed Project Report for construction
of High Altitude Roads in the state of Sikkim. As a part of this endeavour, the Authority i.e.,
Executive Engineer, BRPD-I, CPWD, Chungthang has taken initiative to guide and supervise the
consultancy service as well as the construction process.
The road under consideration for the present submission is Toong-Partem-PT 4865 in the state
of Sikkim under the Chungthang BRPD-I, CPWD. The total length of the road is 78.351 kms.
In the above backdrop, BRPD-I, CPWD, Chungthang has appointed M/s S. M. Consultants as
consultant for carrying out the feasibility study and preparation of detailed project report of the
project highway.
2.2 Methodology
The methodology adopted for carrying out the EIA study is based on the guidelines and Standard
TOR issued by the MoEF. The EIA report is based on data collected from primary and secondary
sources that included;
Collection of information on existing baseline conditions.
Ambient air, water and soil quality and noise level monitoring
Identification of environmentally sensitive locations (if any) in the impacted area
Assess the adverse impacts on the environment and to avoid the impacts, suggest cost
effective mitigation and management measures to mitigate the negative impacts
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan, which will include associated costs for
execution of mitigation and enhancement, works; development of an environmental
monitoring program
Addressing the derived issues involving occupational health and safety, and
emergency/disaster management to limit/contain the adverse effects.
2.3 Project Description
The locations of Toong and PT 4865 lies in the borders of China and India, in the North Sikkim
district and under sub division of Chungtang. The locations are at an altitude of 1337.0 - 4617.0
m and is steep in terrain. The locations are snow cladded for most part of the year. The locations
of the origin and destination is as shown below:
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The project road is a new alignment with steep gradient. There exists no road in the project area.
The road only has military importance in the project location. Thus development of the road will
provide scope to mobilise the army platoons and vehicles to the border.
The Project Roads under consideration starts from Toong and ends at PT 4865 passing hilly and
steep terrain in the state of Sikkim. The project highway starts at design chainage of 0/000 km
and ends at design chainage 84/425 km in the state of Sikkim. This project road falls in the district
of North Sikkim. The project road is of 84.425 km.
Figure 2: Project Stretch (Toong – PT 4865)
2.3.1 Sikkim
Clean, green and 'all organic' since 2016, Sikkim is mostly a maze of plunging, super-steep valleys
thick with lush subtropical woodlands and rhododendron groves, rising in the north to the
spectacular white-top peaks of the eastern Himalaya. When clouds clear, an ever-thrilling
experience from many a ridge top perch is spotting the world's third-highest mountain,
Khangchendzonga (8598m), on the north western dawn horizon. Sikkim is a land that is home to
several unique cultures and pristine beauty. Sikkim sets it foot in new cultural believes, carrying
forward its thriving traditions from thousands of years. When it comes to the tourist attraction,
it lags behind because of boundary conflicts and the condition of the roads.
The project roads come under the influence of North Sikkim District of Sikkim. A brief view of the
districts is presented below so that we can overview the effects that the various features of the
district are likely to influence the project roads.
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2.3.2 North Sikkim District
A land - where haven touches the earth, the ambiance creates mystery, landscape dominated by
elements, silence can be heard, vision tends to travel beyond the horizon, soul starts meditating-
unknowingly, mind gets rejuvenated; and a land that makes you bow.
North Sikkim is the northern district of Sikkim. Mangan is the district headquarter of the district.
At an altitude of 3950 ft. the town is located at a distance of 65 km from Gangtok, the state capital.
Tourists need special permits to visit North Sikkim beyond Mangan. The area can be visited only
as part of an organized tour.
The road from Mangan goes straight to Chungthang, another major town of North Sikkim. At
5,600 ft. Chungthang is 95 km from Gangtok. From here the road bifurcates. The road to the left
goes to Lachen and the road to the right reaches Lachung. Lachen is the base from where tours to
Gurudongmar Lake and Chopta valley is organised. Lachung on the other hand is the base for your
tours to Yumthang valley.
Landscape changes rapidly on every curve, as your road winds upwards. With thick smell of wild
flowers, mossy trees, streams rushing down, mists coiling up from the deep gorges, sudden flashy
flight of colourful birds, huge snow range embossed in the horizon, wide spread valley, deep blue
sky, lonely prayer flag waving leisurely at the distant top - you are on your way to a different
destination.
Tourism in the region is at a nascent stage and guests may not get the same level of service in
North-Sikkim as they would in other parts of the region.
Table 1: DISTRICT PROFILE OF NORTH SIKKIM DISTRICT
Geographical area : 4,226 km2 (1,632 sq mi)
Population(Census 2011)
Total
Density
:
43,354
10/km2 (27/sq mi)
District Head quarter : Mongan
Latitude : 27˚ 31’N
Longitude : 88˚ 32’N
Altitude : 610 m above MSL
Climate : Cold Deserts
Annual Rainfall : 5000 mm
Temperature : 25o C to -40o C (average)
Soil:
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The geography of Sikkim is characterized by a vast array of magniloquent knolls that extends
from one nook of the state to the other. Amongst all the stupendous hammocks that span across
the entire terrain of Sikkim, Kanchenjunga is recorded to be the highest. The terrain that forms
an exceedingly important portion of geography in Sikkim is most obviously not as fertile as most
would imagine it to be. The main reason that lies behind this abnormality is the fact that there is
an abundance of extremely rocky and precipitous slopes which present a tough look to the
landscape.
Climate & Rainfall:
Temperature conditions vary from sub-tropical in the southern lower parts to cold deserts in the
snowy north. It is also the most humid region in the whole range of the Himalayas, because of its
proximity to the Bay of Bengal and direct exposure to Southern monsoon.
Rainfall is heavy and well distributed during the months from May to early October. July is the
wettest month in most of the places. The intensity of rainfall during South-West monsoon season
decreases from south to North, while the distribution of winter rainfall is in the opposite order.
The highest annual rainfall for the individual station may exceed 5000 mm. and average number
of rainy days (days with rain of 2.5 mm. or more) ranges from 100 at Thangu in north Sikkim to
184 at Gangtok in east Sikkim.
Fog is a common feature in the entire state from May to September.
Biting cold is experienced at higher altitudes of 10,000 ft plus. The temperature rarely rises above
15 degree centigrade and heavy snowfall occurs during the winter months. Some also receive
snowfall during April or mid-November.
Figure 3: Climate Graph of Chungthang Figure 4: Climate Graph of Chungthang
River:
Another feature possessed by the Sikkim geography is that a vast number of streams that sped
across the terrain of Sikkim gave rise to many exquisite river valleys. The water that runs through
most of these streams are generally procured by the snow that crowns the stupendous
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mountains. These newly formed river valleys are confined to the southern and western fringe of
the state. The most famous lakes that are found here include Gurudongmar, Tsongmo and
Khecheopalri Lake and many more.
Figure 5: Rivers flowing in North Sikkim
2.3.3 Details of Roads
Table 2: DETAILS OF ROADS
Section Chainage (Km) Terrain
Type District
From To
Toong-PT 4865
0/000 78/351 Mountainous
and Steep North Sikkim 27°32'56.28"N
88°38'35.21"E
27°27'37.39"N
88°46'18.61"E
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2.3.4 Details of Villages and Towns
The road does not pass through any settlement. However the project road comes under
the influence of few villages like Toong, Kokhir Village, Terse Village, Narem Partem,
Salera village and Partem village. The starting section is well known as Toong. The
project stretch is under security zone which is only to be used by ITBP personnel. ITBP
Camp is found at PT 4865.
2.3.5 Terrain and Landuse
The terrain along the entire project road is hilly and steep type. The land use pattern along the
project corridor is majorly forest.
Figure 6: Land-use Pattern of Project Road
Table 3: DETAILS OF TERRAIN & LAND USE PATTERN FOR ROAD
TERRAIN AND LAND USE PATTERN
Sl. No. Chainages (km) Terrain (Plain/
Rolling/ Hilly)
Land use (Built up/ Agrt/ Forest/
Industrial/ Barren) From (km) To (km)
1 0.000 1.000 H Forest
2 1.000 2.000 H Cultivation
3 2.000 3.000 H Cultivation
4 3.000 4.000 H Forest
5 4.000 5.000 H Forest
6 5.000 6.000 H Forest
7 6.000 7.000 H Forest
8 7.000 8.000 H Forest
9 8.000 9.000 H Forest
5%
55%
40%
Land Use Pattern
Cultivation
Forest
Snow Bound
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TERRAIN AND LAND USE PATTERN
Sl. No. Chainages (km) Terrain (Plain/
Rolling/ Hilly)
Land use (Built up/ Agrt/ Forest/
Industrial/ Barren) From (km) To (km)
10 9.000 10.000 H Forest
11 10.000 11.000 H Forest
12 11.000 12.000 H Forest
13 12.000 13.000 H Forest
14 13.000 14.000 H Forest
15 14.000 15.000 H Forest
16 15.000 16.000 H Forest
17 16.000 17.000 H Forest
18 17.000 18.000 H Forest
19 18.000 19.000 H Forest
20 19.000 20.000 H Forest
21 20.000 21.000 H Forest
22 21.000 22.000 H Forest
23 22.000 23.000 H Forest
24 23.000 24.000 H Forest
25 24.000 25.000 H Forest
26 25.000 26.000 H Forest
27 26.000 27.000 H Forest
28 27.000 28.000 H Forest
29 28.000 29.000 H Forest
30 29.000 30.000 H Forest
31 30.000 31.000 H Forest
32 31.000 32.000 H Forest
33 32.000 33.000 H Forest
34 33.000 34.000 H Forest
35 34.000 35.000 H Forest
36 35.000 36.000 H Forest
37 36.000 37.000 H Forest
38 37.000 38.000 H Forest
39 38.000 39.000 H Forest
40 39.000 40.000 H Forest
41 40.000 41.000 H Forest
42 41.000 42.000 H Forest
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TERRAIN AND LAND USE PATTERN
Sl. No. Chainages (km) Terrain (Plain/
Rolling/ Hilly)
Land use (Built up/ Agrt/ Forest/
Industrial/ Barren) From (km) To (km)
43 42.000 43.000 H Forest
44 43.000 44.000 H Forest
45 44.000 45.000 H Forest
46 45.000 46.000 H Forest
47 46.000 47.000 H Forest
48 47.000 48.000 H Forest
49 48.000 49.000 H Forest
50 49.000 50.000 H Forest
51 50.000 51.000 H Forest
52 51.000 52.000 H Forest
53 52.000 53.000 H Snow Bound
54 53.000 54.000 H Snow Bound
55 54.000 55.000 H Snow Bound
56 55.000 56.000 H Snow Bound
57 56.000 57.000 H Snow Bound
58 57.000 58.000 H Snow Bound
59 56.000 57.000 H Snow Bound
60 57.000 58.000 H Snow Bound
61 58.000 59.000 H Snow Bound
62 59.000 60.000 H Snow Bound
63 60.000 61.000 H Snow Bound
64 61.000 62.000 H Snow Bound
65 62.000 63.000 H Snow Bound
66 63.000 64.000 H Snow Bound
67 64.000 65.000 H Snow Bound
68 65.000 66.000 H Snow Bound
69 66.000 67.000 H Snow Bound
70 67.000 68.000 H Snow Bound
71 68.000 69.000 H Snow Bound
72 69.000 70.000 H Snow Bound
73 70.000 71.000 H Snow Bound
74 71.000 72.000 H Snow Bound
75 72.000 73.000 H Snow Bound
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TERRAIN AND LAND USE PATTERN
Sl. No. Chainages (km) Terrain (Plain/
Rolling/ Hilly)
Land use (Built up/ Agrt/ Forest/
Industrial/ Barren) From (km) To (km)
76 73.000 74.000 H Snow Bound
77 74.000 75.000 H Snow Bound
78 75.000 76.000 H Snow Bound
79 76.000 77.000 H Snow Bound
80 77.000 78.351 H Snow Bound
2.3.6 Carriageway and Formation Width
The project road is proposed to be configured to single lane. The carriageway is non-existent in
the whole project corridor. Boulders of large size are paved to make a carriageway of 1m.
2.3.7 Pavement Condition
Project road has no road in existence. The alignment has been carried out visually along the
project stretch to identify the possible alignment.
Figure 7: Existing foot tracks
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2.3.8 Junctions
The project road has one junction at the start of the project road at chainage 0/000 km which
leads to Chungthang on left and Sentam on right.
Figure 8: Junction at start of the Project Road
2.3.9 Other Features
There are no other features or structure like school, worship places etc. found along the project
road except ITBP Camp in between the stretch.
2.3.10 Landslide Regions
The area comes under high earthquake zone. Landslides are usual in this area. Necessary
protection works like breast wall, retaining wall, guard wall, gabions will be proposed for the
project stretch to project the proposed road from damage.
2.3.11 Bridges & CD Structures
The road comes across no bridge structures. The project road falls traverses on a single
mountain with many ridges. So, it is observed that the project stretch has many steam crossings.
These are needed to be provided with cross drainage structures to avoid landslides in these
regions.
2.4 Proposed Improvement of the Project Road
The proposed new project road, having formation width of about 10m, includes construction of
pavement work for the entire length, construction of culverts and permanent works at essential
places construction of pucca side drains throughout stretches, construction of protective
structures, provision for slope protection works and installation of traffic/informatory sign and
Kilometer stones.
Chungthang
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The project road will have single-lane carriageway facility. The design philosophy that will be
followed embodies the following:
The facility should be of Hill Road Standards
The facility must meet the needs for mobility of army vehicles and troops
Travel should be safe, with in-built engineering features
The facility should be aesthetically pleasing and should not be visually intrusive
The facility should meet the environmental conditions
Design Standards for the hill road requirements have been framed for providing the desirable
level of service and safety. For this Project it is proposed to follow Design Standards given in IRC
Standards, Codes, Guidelines and Special Publications besides MORT&H circulars and
specifications as applicable to National Highways.
2.4.1 Geometric Design Standards
For this Highway Project, Geometric Design Standards shall be as per the following:
IRC: 73-1980 shall be generally followed.
IRC: SP: 19-2001: Manual for survey, investigations and preparation of road projects.
IRC: 52: Recommendations about the Alignment survey and Geometric Design of Hill
Roads (Second Revision).
IRC-SP-48-1998: Hill Road Manual
2.4.2 Traffic
The traffic on the present road is nil. The design consideration has been based on future traffic
which is expected to be the para military forces patrolling to the LOC of Indo-China Border. The
maximum axle load of an Army Vehicle is 20, 000 lbs. So, considering the army vehicles to be
traversing the project road 5 msa traffic is considered for designing the road.
2.4.3 Soil Parameters
The soil in the project stretch is found to be gravelly type containing rock pieces. The soil
composition and property of the soils are presented below:
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Table 4: SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE PROJECT STRETCH
Sl. No.
Soil sample collected at
Chainage
Grain size analysis Atterberg’s Limits in %
Proctor Compactio
n
California bearing ratio test (Remoulded at
MDD and OMC)
DF
S in
%
Gro
up
of
soil
as
per
IS
14
98
–
19
70
Fin
e G
rav
el I
n %
(2
0m
m T
o 4
.75
mm
)
Co
arse
San
d I
n %
(4
.75
mm
To
2.0
0 m
m )
Med
ium
San
d I
n %
(2
.0m
m T
o 0
.42
5m
m)
Fin
e Sa
nd
in
%
(0.4
25
mm
To
0.0
75
mm
)
Silt
& C
lay
in
%
( 0
.07
5m
m T
o 0
.00
1m
m)
Liq
uid
Lim
it I
n %
Pla
stic
Lim
it I
n %
Pla
stic
ity
In
dex
in
%
Max
.Dry
Den
sity
in
gm
/cc
Op
tim
um
Mo
istu
re C
on
ten
t in
%.
C.B
.R U
nso
aked
in %
C.B
.R S
oak
ed f
or
4d
ayss
in
%
Mo
istu
re c
on
ten
t af
ter
4 d
ays
Soak
ing
in %
1 Sample-1 10.35 15.91 22.38 20.52 30.84 29 17 12 1.982 9.8 18.6 10.4 12.6 0 SC
2 Sample-2 12.71 14.73 20.18 19.63 32.75 30 18 12 1.987 9.7 18.9 10.7 12.8 0 SC
3 Sample-3 11.48 13.72 21.49 23.49 29.82 29 17 12 1.985 9.5 18.8 10.6 12.5 0 SC
4 Sample-4 10.97 14.86 23.49 19.89 30.79 29 17 12 1.983 9.8 18.5 10.3 12.6 0 SC
From the laboratory experiment, the CBR is computed to be 10.12. Moisture content is seen to be
high to the climatic and terrain condition. The soil in the project stretch is found to be clayey
gravel type.
2.5 Pavement Alternatives
Various alternatives are taken into consideration and evaluated for the project road construction.
The alternatives considered are as follows:
1. Flexible Pavement
2. Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen
3. Rigid Pavement
4. Paver Blocks
2.5.1 Flexible Pavement
Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible pavements for a long time. This is
the most convenient and simple type of construction.
In hilly areas, due to sub zero temperature, the freeze thaw and heave cycle takes place. Due to
freezing and melting of ice in bituminous voids, volume expansion and contraction occur. This
leads to pavements failure. So, considering the climatic condition of the project location VG 10
grade bitumen is suggested for the road construction.
2.5.2 Flexible Pavement with High Viscous grade Bitumen
Certain additives or blend of additives called as bitumen modifiers can improve properties of
Bitumen and bituminous mixes. Bitumen treated with these modifiers is known as modified
bitumen. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB)/ crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) should be
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used only in wearing course depending upon the requirements of extreme climatic variations.
The detailed specifications for modified bitumen have been issued by IRC: SP: 53-1999. It must
be noted that the performance of PMB and CRMB is dependent on strict control on temperature
during construction.
The advantages of using modified bitumen are as follows
o Lower susceptibility to daily and seasonal temperature variations
o Higher resistance to deformation at high pavement temperature
o Better age resistance properties
o Higher fatigue life for mixes
o Better adhesion between aggregates and binder
o Prevention of cracking and reflective cracking
2.5.3 Rigid Pavement
Rigid pavements, though costly in initial investment, are cheap in long run because of low
maintenance costs. There are various merits in the use of Rigid pavements (Concrete pavements)
are summarized below:
o Major advantage of concrete roads is the savings in fuel by commercial vehicles to
an extent of 14-20%. The fuel savings themselves can support a large programme
of concreting.
o Cement concrete roads save a substantial quantity of stone aggregates and this
factor must be considered when a choice pavements is made,
o Concrete roads can withstand extreme weather conditions – wide ranging
temperatures, heavy rainfall and water logging.
2.5.4 Paver Blocks
Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been extensively used in a number of countries
for quite some time as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing pavement in areas
where conventional types of construction are less durable due to many operational and
environmental constraints.
There are many distinct features of ICBP as compared to the conventional methods of pavement
construction and hence make it a suitable option for application in the specified areas. Some of
these are:
o Mass production under factory conditions ensures availability of blocks having
consistent quality and high dimensional accuracy.
o Good quality of blocks ensures durability of pavements, when constructed to
specifications.
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o ICBP tolerates higher deflections without structural failure and will not be
affected by thermal expansion or contraction.
o ICBP does not require curing, and so can be opened for traffic immediately after
construction.
o Construction of ICBP is labour intensive and requires less sophisticated
equipment.
o The system provides ready access to underground utilities without damage to
pavement.
Comparing all the alternatives the following points were concluded:
1. The flexible pavements with high viscous properties are best alternatives as they provide
high strength and durability. But considering the traffic projection of the future in the
project stretch, the rate of growth of traffic will be very less and investing a large amount
of in the pavement quality in such areas will not be economical. As the cost these bitumen
are very high.
2. Similarly, rigid pavement are a good alternate for the roads in these climatic condition in
comparison but the cost is very high and the investment won’t be feasible considering the
traffic growth.
3. The paver blocks require high maintenance so the alternate is discarded.
4. So, the best alternates which is proposed for this project is to use VG 10 in base course
and PMB Bitumen in Surface Course.
2.6 Right-of-Way
The proposed road is a new proposal (green field alignment). So, no details of the The consultant
could not collect any information from revenue authorities also. In built-up area, the land
available is between 10m to 12m only.
2.7 Design of Pavement
It is based upon CBR-10%, Traffic msa -2, Design period – 15 years, VDF-1.5, Annual Growth of
traffic rate 5% and minimum Design speed 20.00 Km/h. However the proposed pavement
composition is based on CBR-10% and msa -2.
Pavement composition is designed as under:
Table 5: Proposed Pavement Crust
Crust Provided Thickness (mm)
PMB 30
DBM 50
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Crust Provided Thickness (mm)
CRM in 2-layers 225
GSB in 1 Layer 150
Subgrade 500
Total 955
2.7.1 Cross Section Elements & Alignment
a) Cross Section Elements Hill road cross-section has the usual components of carriageway, shoulder and longitudinal drain
and parapet/railing requirements. The carriageway and shoulder widths are governed by the
traffic volume expected on the road. Other components are functions of traffic safety and surface
run-off requirements. Roadway, however, is defined as the total width of carriageway and
shoulder.
Sl. No. Design Elements Dimension in m
1. Roadway width 6.25
2 Roadway width at Bridges (including
width of side drain and parapet wall)
12.00
3 Carriageway width 3.75
4 Cross-slopes / camber (%) 2.5
b) Geometric Design The general alignment of the road under this project is as:
The project road from Km 0 /000 to 84/425 Km as per design Chainage alignment: 84.425
Km
Road is designed for single lane (6.25 m roadway with 3.75 m carriageway)
Gradient, being the most important parameter, has been the guiding factor. Ruling gradient less
than 6% has been achieved in most point of the road and the maximum gradient being 7% due to
terrain constraints.
c) Horizontal Alignment The project corridor passes through steep and mountainous terrain. The design speed adopted is
minimum 20km/hour (IRC SP: 48). Along the proposed alignment, there are hair-pin bend.
However minimum design speed has been considered on technical grounds. The vertical and
horizontal alignments of the proposed road can be summarized as shown in table below:
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Table 6: Sharp Curve Details
Project
Stretch
length
No. of Curves with Design Speed in km/h
No. of Curves with Radius (m)
<30 30-40 40-50 >50 <30 30-50 >50
78.351 223 229 229 - 92 75 514
d) Vertical Alignment/Gradient Gradient, being the most important parameter, has been the guiding factor. Ruling gradient (less
than 7%) has been achieved, the maximum gradient being 7% at few selected stretch.
Table 7: Summary of Proposed Vertical Alignment
Project
Stretch
length
Length Distribution (km) and Gradient Class
<4% 4%-5% 5%-6% 6%-7% 7%-8%
78.351 11.75 23.50 11.75 7.83 -
2.8 Design of Embankment / Hill Cutting
Considering the physical features, particularly the terrain, soil classification and hill slope line,
typical cross-section (Type 1 to Type 8) have been developed for hill road cutting / embankment
building.
Concept Plan of the design of the embankment / hill cutting (stretch-wise) has been developed
with specific mention of the formation building methodology / type to be adopted.
Compaction of disposal material
Spreading & Compaction of Roadway cutting and excavation from drain and foundation of other
structures surplus material in layers not exceeding 300mm thickness at selected disposal location
as specified by forest department by Dozer at least four passes including construction of approach
road to dumping site.
2.9 Pavement Proposal
The provision for pavement includes different layers of sub-base, base, and surfacing course as
appropriate throughout the whole stretch of the road.
Granular Sub-base (GSB): 150mm thick sub-base layer of crushed stone aggregate has
been proposed. The sub-base course has been extended up to full width of the formation.
Extra quantities for widening at curves, major and minor junction locations are
calculated separately and final quantities are worked out.
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Crusher Run Macadam Base (CRM): 225mm thick base layer of Crusher Run Macadam is
proposed for 4.25m width.
Dense Bituminous Macadam of 50 mm thick and 20mm thick of Polymer Modified
Bitumen as surfacing course has been proposed.
2.10 Shoulder Design
The carriageway width of 3.75m and earthen shoulder width of 1.25 m on both side. The
remaining 1.0m on each side shall be used to accommodate side drain on hill side or parapet/soft
shoulder on valley side.
Table 8: DEVELOPMENT SCHEME
Sl.
No
.
Design
Chainage
Length Typical Cross-section
From To
1 0.000 84.425 84.425 Single Carriageway (3.75 m), with 1.25 m earthen shoulder on both sides, provision of drain on hill side and
required protection works on both hill side and valley side.
Figure 9: Proposed Typical Cross-section
TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 1
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TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 2
TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 3
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TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 4
TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 5 (Extra Widening Section)
TYPICAL CROSS-SECTION 6 (Overtaking Zone Section)
2.11 Culverts & Bridge:
The project road traverses through mountainous and steep terrains with several natural
drainages such as deep gorges, depressions, etc., where perennial water and rain water runoff are
collected. Sometimes the storm runoff is accompanied by large quantities of debris from
upstream side of the nallahs. Cross-drainage structures/culverts are required at these locations.
From the field survey and investigations and geometric design of alignment the requirement of
culverts for the whole length of the project have been identified.
Table 9: Culvert Details
Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 1. 0+090 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 2. 0+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 3. 0+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 4. 0+405 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 5. 0+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 6. 0+430 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 7. 0+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 8. 1+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 9. 1+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 10. 1+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 11. 2+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 12. 2+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 13. 2+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 14. 2+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 15. 2+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 16. 3+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 17. 3+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 18. 3+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 19. 3+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
20. 4+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 21. 4+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 22. 4+390 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 23. 4+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 24. 4+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 25. 4+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 26. 5+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 27. 5+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 28. 5+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 29. 5+750 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
30. 5+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 31. 5+930 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 32. 5+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 33. 6+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 34. 6+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 35. 6+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 36. 6+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 37. 6+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 38. 6+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 39. 6+670 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
40. 6+710 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 41. 6+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 42. 7+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 43. 7+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 44. 7+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 45. 8+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 46. 8+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 47. 8+135 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
48. 9+215 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 49. 9+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 50. 9+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 51. 9+945 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 52. 10+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 53. 10+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 54. 10+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 55. 10+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 56. 11+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 57. 11+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 58. 11+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 59. 11+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
60. 12+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 61. 12+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 62. 12+415 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 63. 12+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 64. 12+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 65. 12+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 66. 13+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 67. 13+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
68. 13+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 69. 13+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 70. 14+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 71. 15+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 72. 15+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 73. 15+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 74. 15+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 75. 15+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 76. 16+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 77. 16+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 78. 16+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 79. 17+050 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
80. 17+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 81. 17+350 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 82. 17+830 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 83. 17+840 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
84. 18+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 85. 18+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
86. 18+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 87. 18+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
88. 18+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 89. 18+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 90. 19+370 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
91. 19+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 92. 19+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 93. 19+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 94. 19+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 95. 19+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 96. 20+010 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 97. 20+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
98. 20+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 99. 20+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
100. 20+850 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 101. 20+870 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 102. 21+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 103. 21+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 104. 21+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 105. 21+690 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 106. 21+730 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 107. 22+270 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 108. 22+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 109. 22+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 110. 22+690 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 111. 22+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 112. 22+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 113. 22+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 114. 23+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 115. 23+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 116. 23+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 117. 23+810 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 118. 23+930 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 119. 24+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 120. 24+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 121. 24+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 122. 24+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 123. 24+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 124. 24+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 125. 24+760 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 126. 24+770 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 127. 24+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 128. 24+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 129. 25+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 130. 25+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 131. 25+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 132. 25+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 133. 25+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 134. 25+805 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 135. 25+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 136. 25+825 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 137. 25+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 138. 26+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 139. 26+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 140. 26+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 141. 26+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 142. 26+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 143. 26.680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 144. 26+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 145. 26+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 146. 27+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 147. 27+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 148. 27+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 149. 27+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 150. 27+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 151. 27+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 152. 27+860 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 153. 27+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 154. 28+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 155. 28+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 156. 28+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 157. 28+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 158. 28+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 159. 28+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 160. 28+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 161. 28+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 162. 29+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 163. 29+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 164. 29+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 165. 29+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 166. 30+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 167. 30+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 168. 30+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 169. 30+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 170. 30+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 171. 30+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 172. 30+740 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 173. 31+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 174. 31+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 175. 31+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 176. 31+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 177. 31+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 178. 31+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 179. 31+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 180. 31+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 181. 32+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 182. 32+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 183. 32+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 184. 32+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 185. 32+780 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 186. 32+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 187. 32+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 188. 32+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 189. 33+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 190. 33+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 191. 33+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 192. 33+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 193. 33+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 194. 34+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 195. 34+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 196. 34+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 197. 34+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 198. 34+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 199. 34+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 200. 34+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 201. 34+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 202. 34+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 203. 34+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 204. 34+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 205. 34+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 206. 34+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 207. 35+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 208. 35+010 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 209. 35+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 210. 35+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 211. 36+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 212. 36+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 213. 36+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 214. 36+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 215. 37+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 216. 37+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 217. 37+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 218. 37+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 219. 37+505 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 220. 37+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 221. 38+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 222. 38+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 223. 38+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 224. 38+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 225. 38+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 226. 38+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 227. 38+860 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 228. 39+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 229. 39+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 230. 39+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 231. 39+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 232. 39+650 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 233. 40+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 234. 40+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 235. 40+450 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 236. 40+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 237. 40+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 238. 40+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 239. 41+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 240. 41+240 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 241. 41+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 242. 41+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 243. 41+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 244. 41+930 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 245. 41+950 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 246. 41+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 247. 42+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 248. 42+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 249. 42+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 250. 42+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 251. 42+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 252. 42+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 253. 42+580 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 254. 43+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 255. 43+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 256. 43+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 257. 43+740 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 258. 43+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 259. 43+830 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 260. 44+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 261. 44+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 262. 44+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 263. 44+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 264. 44+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 265. 45+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 266. 45+060 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 267. 45+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 268. 45+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 269. 45+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 270. 46+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 271. 46+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 272. 46+305 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 273. 46+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 274. 46+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 275. 46+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 276. 46+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 277. 46+840 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 278. 47+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 279. 47+220 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 280. 47+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 281. 47+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 282. 47+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 283. 47+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 284. 47+730 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 285. 47+740 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 286. 48+020 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 287. 48+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 288. 48+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 289. 48+860 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 290. 48+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 291. 48+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 292. 49+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 293. 49+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 294. 49+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 295. 49+350 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 296. 49+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 297. 49+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 298. 49+880 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 299. 50+040 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 300. 50+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 301. 50+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 302. 50+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 303. 50+950 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 304. 51+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 305. 51+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 306. 51+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 307. 52+140 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 308. 52+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 309. 52+720 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 310. 53+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 311. 53+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 312. 54+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 313. 54+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 314. 54+230 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 315. 54+300 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 316. 54+500 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 317. 55+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 318. 55+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 319. 55+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 320. 55+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 321. 55+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 322. 55+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 323. 56+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 324. 56+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 325. 56+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 326. 56+605 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 327. 57+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 328. 57+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 329. 57+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 330. 59+260 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 331. 59+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 332. 60+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 333. 61+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 334. 61+160 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 335. 61+340 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 336. 61+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 337. 62+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 338. 63+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 339. 63+180 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 340. 64+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 341. 64+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 342. 65+280 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 343. 65+800 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 344. 65+870 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 345. 65+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 346. 67+110 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 347. 67+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 348. 67+840 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 349. 68+000 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 350. 68+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 351. 68+920 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 352. 69+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 353. 69+420 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 354. 69+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 355. 70+560 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 356. 70+890 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 357. 71+100 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 358. 71+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 359. 71+600 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 360. 72+320 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 361. 72+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 362. 73+480 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 363. 73+840 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 364. 74+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 365. 74+400 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 366. 74+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 367. 74+620 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 368. 75+700 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 369. 76+120 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 370. 76+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 371. 76+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 372. 76+960 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 373. 77+540 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 374. 78+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 375. 78+740 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 376. 79+080 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 377. 79+640 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 378. 80+380 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 379. 80+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
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Sl. No Chainage Span Arrangement Type 380. 81+460 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 381. 81+680 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 382. 82+150 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 383. 82+440 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 384. 82+660 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 385. 82+900 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 386. 82+940 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 387. 83+200 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 388. 83+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 389. 83+520 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 390. 83+820 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 391. 83+980 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert 392. 84+360 1 x 3.0 Slab Culvert
Table 10: List of proposed Minor Bridge
Sl. no
NEW CHAINAGE Proposed Span Proposed TYPE
1. 2+220 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 2. 3+920 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 3. 4+900 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 4. 7+480 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 5. 10+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 6. 10+980 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 7. 19+360 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 8. 21+320 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 9. 22+200 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 10. 24+520 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 11. 25+480 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 12. 26+580 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 13. 27+120 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 14. 28+060 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 15. 29+880 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 16. 33+740 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 17. 36+500 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 18. 36+740 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 19. 39+040 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab
20. 40+800 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 21. 41+560 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 22. 47+000 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 23. 48+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 24. 48+630 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 25. 50+220 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 26. 58+460 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 27. 62+140 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 28. 63+900 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 29. 66+320 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab
30. 68+140 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 31. 68+580 1 x 6.0 RCC Slab 32. 69+240 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab
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Sl. no
NEW CHAINAGE Proposed Span Proposed TYPE
33. 70+440 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 34. 71+700 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 35. 73+000 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 36. 73+100 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 37. 74+880 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 38. 76+500 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab 39. 78+060 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab
40. 79+420 1 x 10.0 RCC Slab
2.12 Slope Protection works:
Adequate Protective structures are proposed for retaining of cut/fill slopes to ensure
stability of the road formation at locations where required. The proposed type and
length of each structure are shown in the table below:
2.12.1 Breast Wall
The soils have been retained with a safe slope by the breast wall which has been provided
as per the height of the cutting section. The breast wall provision varies from 0.5 m to 4
m in height. The protection structure composes of RR masonry. The soils above the breast
wall are protected soil nailing and seeding mulching.
2.12.2 Retaining Wall
The filling sections towards the valley side are protected with RR masonry retaining
walls which vary from 1 m to 10 m height. The structures are provided as per the
difference in levels of original ground level (OGL) and formation road level (FRL). The
retaining walls are reinforced with geotextiles which provide strength to these
protecting structures.
2.13 Drainage
Pavement Drainage includes camber/ cross fall of 2.50%. Slope 3.0 % has been
considered for drainage of shoulders.
Roadside drains are designed as Lined drains of 0.6 m width throughout the project
stretch. The drains are provided with RR Masonary.
Table 11: Chainages with Drain Provision
Sl.No. Design Chainage (km)
Length Side From To
1. 0.000 84.425 84.425 Hill Side (0.6 m)
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Chutes of the culverts form part of the culvert structure to lead the discharge to the catch
pit or to natural drainage channel.
2.14 Road Sign and Markings
The project design includes (a) Mandatory / Regulatory Signs, (b) Cautionary / Warning
Signs and (c) Information Signs, Route Marker Signs are provided .KM Stones are included
as per type design.
2.15 Road Furniture
Traffic Safety Posts and Parapet Walls are included. Traffic Signs Marking & other Road
Appurtenances like W-Beam Crash Barriers are provided for protection of works.
2.15.1 W-Beam Crash Barrier
The W-Beam Metal Crash Barriers are provided at the curve location on the radius of the
curves.
2.15.2 Parapet cum Guard Wall
The valley side of the project stretch is provided with parapet walls of 0.7 m (PCC type)
to provide safety to the road users.
2.15.3 Rock Fall Barrier
The portions with slope cutting of 15 m or more has been provided with rock fall barriers
of 10 m height.
2.16 Communication Facility
The project facility includes wireless telecommunication system with internet facilities for better
communication in the hills which is prior necessity for the army personnel using the road.
Table 12: LIST SIGNS TO BEPROVIDED ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDOR
SL NO SIGNS CHAINAGE
1
To be provided at
1. At hairpin bends
2. Sharp Curves
Total of 212 x 2=424
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SL NO SIGNS CHAINAGE
2
To be provided at the start of a structure.
Total of 432 x 2=864
3
These are provided at curves with very less
curvature to show turning of the project road.
Total of 212 x 3=636
4
Right Turn Ahead Signs to be provided at curves
Total of 458 x 2=916
5
Left Turn Ahead Signs to be provided at curves
Total of 445 x 2=890
6
Hairpin Bend Ahead Signs to be provided at
hairpin bends
Total of 15 x 2=30
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SL NO SIGNS CHAINAGE
7
Narrow Road Ahead to be provided at bridge
ends
Total of 40 x 2=80
8
Road Studs to be provided on edge of roads
9
This object is to be provided as per the site
location near the hairpin curves
Total of 15 x 2=30
10
These strips are to be provided on the W-Beam
Crash Barriers and structures
11
These signs are to be provided at places where
the hill are stiff and are prone to landslide
Total of 30 x 2=60
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SL NO SIGNS CHAINAGE
12
The curves and hairpin bends are to be provided
with no overtaking sign boards
Total of 121 x 2=242
13
Snow markers to be installed on roads laden
with snow for easy identification of carriageway
Total 350 nos.
2.17 Natural Resources Requirement
Natural resources required in the form of raw material for the above interventions are as given
in Table below.
TABLE 13: DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Materials required Quantity Sources identified and tested
Earthwork 9.5 lakh cum 0 km (At site) Aggregate 7.89 lakh MT 0 km (At site) Sand 5.26 lakh MT 0 km (At site) Water 1320 kl/day Bitumen 1347 cum Haldia Refinery Cement 0.53 lakh cum
Land Total Land required: 157.145 ha Total Govt Land: 0.180 ha Total Private Land: 15.841 ha Total Forest Land:141.124 ha
DESCRIPTION OF
ENVIRONMENT
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Chapter 3 Description of Environment
3.1 General
The Environmental Assessment identifies and assesses the existing environmental feature, which
is based on the field survey within Proposed ROW, as well as data collected from various
secondary sources. It is required in order to assess the magnitude of potential impacts both
beneficial as well as adverse due to the proposed project activities on the environment.
3.2 Physical Environment
Location The project road traverses through the Hilly and steep terrain (see Fig. 3.1) and elevation of the
District ranges between 1332m to 4564 m. The district of North Sikkim lies in the eastern part of
the state of Sikkim and situated between 27 32 N and 27 27 N latitude and between 88 38 E
and 88 46 E longitudes. In general, the whole District is full of rugged and undulating terrains
with the exception of the deep gorges, steep precipice and narrow valleys carved out by the
tributaries and Teesta river. The project road takes off at km 0.000 at Toong and it passes through
Partem and end at PT 4865 at Km 84.425.
Figure 10: Contour generated for the project road
Topography The North Sikkim district in the State of Sikkim are bounded on the North and East by China, on
the South by East, West and South District and on the West by Nepal. The North Sikkim is formed
of various rock types with varying lithological characters. Different denudation like rainfall,
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surface water and temperature conditions have played an important role on the rock types in
moulding the landforms of the area. It is a remarkable hilly tract with a chain of hillocks. The
North Sikkim is a part the Great Himalayan Mountain Range.
The most prominent effect of the steepness of the valleys is the prevalence of landslides that at
times drop to anything between 3000 and 5,000 ft (1,500 m) carrying devastation along their
course. Most of them are caused either by the melting snow beds on top of the mountains or by
erosive action of the rains.
Most of the people of the state reside near Mangan, the district headquarters which is about 2,000
feet (610 m) above sea level. Further north the elevation increases with the vegetation turning
from temperate to alpine to tundra. Temperatures range from about 25° to below −40° in the
extreme high reaches where the altitude is in excess of 6,000 metres. Kanchenjanga is the highest
peak at over 8,000 m, straddling its western border with Nepal and can be seen clearly from the
town of Singhik.
Geology and Mineral Resources of North Sikkim The project road is developed along the geological discontinuity of regional importance called
Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone. The Indus-Yarlung suture zone or the Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo suture
is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas which resulted
from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate starting about 52 Ma. The north
side of the suture zone is the Ladakh Batholith of the Karakoram-Lhasa Block. The rocks of the
suture zone consist of an ophiolite mélanges composed of Neotethys oceanic crustal flyschs and
ophiolites; the Dras Volcanics: which are basalts, dacites and minor radiolarian cherts - the
remains of a mid to late Mesozoic volcanic island arc; and the Indus Molasse which are an Eocene
or later continental clastic sediments.
The project road is seen to have deep forest which signifies the proneness of landslide in this area.
Whereas as considering the past geological movements, the process of suture zone renders the
rock more fragile with the development of more geological discontinuities. The rocks are
pulverized in this zone. During the road construction, suitable precaution shall be adopted to
minimize the landslide problems due to earth cutting. The cut slopes for the construction shall be
planned systematically in order to avoid slips and other instabilities along road cuts. Few
landslide zones are interpreted from the images near the streams and ridges could be identified
along the alignment. The snow bound areas also forms small glaciers which leads to basis of
landslides in these areas. So, the stability of the project road should be taken care off during the
construction.
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Climate The state has five seasons: winter, summer, spring, autumn, and a monsoon season between June
and September. Sikkim's climate ranges from sub-tropical in the south to tundra in the north.
Most of the inhabited regions of Sikkim experience a temperate climate, with temperatures
seldom exceeding 28 °C (82 °F) in summer. The average annual temperature for most of Sikkim
is around 18 °C (64 °F).
Sikkim is one of the few states in India to receive regular snowfall. The snow line ranges from
6,100 metres (20,000 ft) in the south of the state to 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in the north.[58] The
tundra-type region in the north is snowbound for four months every year, and the temperature
drops below 0 °C (32 °F) almost every night.[53] In north-western Sikkim, the peaks are frozen
year-round;[59] because of the high altitude, temperatures in the mountains can drop to as low
as −40 °C (−40 °F) in winter.
During the monsoon, heavy rains increase the risk of landslides. The record for the longest period
of continuous rain in Sikkim is 11 days. Fog affects many parts of the state during winter and the
monsoons, making transportation perilous.
Land Use Pattern The land use map of the district is shown in Fig. below and pattern within 500m radius of the
road is shown in Fig and map in Annexures. Forest cover is dominant Landuse of the area followed
by agriculture, barren land.
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Figure 11: Landuse Pattern Map
Drainage The major river Teesta originating and has formed an important river basin in the North district,
Sikkim. The Teesta valley is characterized by glacial and per glacial landforms in the study area
and by abundant fluvial terraces in the lower stretch. This is only major drainage found in the
project surrounding. The drainage pattern is shown below.
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Figure 12: Drainage Pattern Map
Ground Water Sources along the Road Alignment At present the main sources of water in the State is surface and sub-surface water flows. Springs
occur where sloping ground and impenetrable rocks intersects with the ground water table. In
Sikkim, Himalayan mountains spring provide the main water source to the rural and urban
populations. Over the years some of these springs have dried up or become seasonal and the
discharge during the lean seasons is declining. The main cause of the declining of springs is
mainly population increase, erosion of top soil, erratic rainfall/ weather patterns, deforestation,
forest fire and developmental activities ( e.g. road construction, building construction etc.).
3.2.1 Ground and Surface Water Quality
Water quality along the road is good as reported by Water testing Laboratories, Public Health
Engineering Department, and Shillong. There are no major pollution sources in the area.
Apparently, the running water is suitable for drinking, construction and irrigation purposes.
However, in order to find out the existing water quality scenario samples were collected from
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surface as well as groundwater sources i.e. rivers. Details of the sampling locations and result of
ground water quality are given in Table below.
Table 14: Ground Water quality near the Project Road
Parameters Units Hand pump Naga Village (near KM 0.000)
Desirable Limit as per IS:10500
Permissible Limits as per IS:10500
Turbidity NTU < 1.0 5 10 pH 6.76 6.5 – 8.5 No Relaxation Total Hardness (as CaC03)
mg/L 271.0 300 600
Iron (as Fe) mg/L <0.1 0.3 1 Chloride (as CI-) mg/L 21.03 250 1000
Fluoride (as F-) mg/L < 1.0 1 1.5 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 43.6 Copper (as Cu) mg/L <0.05 0.05 1.5 Manganese (as Mn) mg/L <0.01 0.1 0.3
Sulphate(as S04~") mg/L 115.6 200 400
Phenolic Compounds
mg/L < 0.002 0.001 0.002
Mercury (as Hg) mg/L < 0.002 0.001 No Relaxation Selenium (as Se) mg/L <0.1 0.01 No Relaxation
Arsenic (as As) mg/L <0.1 0.05 No Relaxation Cyanide (as Cn) mg/L <0.01 0.05 No Relaxation Lead (as Pb) mg/L < 1.0 0.05 No Relaxation Zinc (as Zn) mg/L <0.5 5 15 Chromium (as Cr+6)
mg/L <0.05 0.05 No Relaxation
Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L < 1.0 0.01 No Relaxation Aluminium (as Al) mg/L <0.03 0.03 0.2 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 6.8 >1.0 - Boron (as B) mg/L 0.28 1 5 Total Kjehdal Nitrogen
mg/L < 1.1
Phosphorus (as P04)
mg/L 1.3
Potassium (as K) mg/L 3.1
Sodium (as Na) mg/L 8.6
Anionic Detergents (as MBAS)
mg/L <0.05
Temperature °C 18.0
Salinity mg/L 256.0
Nitrate (as N03) mg/L 1.8 45 100
Alkalinity (as HC03)
mg/L 27.0 200 600
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Table 15: Surface Water quality along the Project Road
Parameters Unit River, Teesta (KM-0.000)
Color Hazen <5.0 Odour - Unobjectionable
Taste — Agreeable
Turbidity NTU < 1.0 PH - 5.63 Total Hardness (as CaC03) mg/L 143.0
Conductivity pS/cm 164.0 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 34.60 Iron (as Fe) mg/L <0.1 Chloride (as CI-) mg/L 7.8 Fluoride (as F-) mg/L < 1.0
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 101.0
Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 18.0 Sulphate (as S04) mg/L 22.5 Nitrate (as N03) mg/L <0.1
Alkalinity (as CaC03) mg/L 4.31 Boron (as B) mg/L < 0.025
Phosphorus (as P04) mg/L 1.2
COD (as 02) 9.4 BOD (3 Days at 27 Deg.C) 5.2
Sodium Absorption Ratio mq/L < 1.0
Salinity mg/L 123.9
Total Suspended Solids mg/L <5.0
Faecal Coliform MPN/100 mL 6 Total Coliform MPN /100 mL 23 E.coH MPN/100 mL Absent
3.2.2 Air Quality
Air quality was monitored at two locations in the project corridor. The monitoring station
comprises rural and barren areas. At all these location all the parameters were with in
permissible limits.
Parameters Units Naga Village (near KM 0.000)
Partem ( km 55.000)
Permissible limit as per CPCB
Time Weighted average
Particulate Matter (PM10)
µg/m³ 42.3 48.6 100 24
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
µg/m³ 19.7 22.7 60 24
Sulphur dioxide (as S02)
µg/m³ 5.0 3.4 80 24
Nitrogen dioxide (as NOx)
µg/m³ 12.1 13.8 80 24
Carbon monoxide (as CO)
mg/m3 < 0.8 < 0.6 2 8
Lead (as Pb) µg/m³ <0.1 <0.1 1 24
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Parameters Units Naga Village (near KM 0.000)
Partem ( km 55.000)
Permissible limit as per CPCB
Time Weighted average
Nickel (as Ni) ng/m3 < 8.0 < 6.0 20 Annual Arsenic (as As) ng/m3 <1.0 <1.0 6 Annual Ozone (as 03)
µg/m³ < 7.0 < 7.0 100 8
Ammonia (as NH3)
µg/m³ <12.0 <10.0 400 24
Benzene (as C6H6)
µg/m³ < 0.5 < 0.5 5 Annual
Benzo (a) Pyrine- Particulate phase only
µg/m³ < 0.5 < 0.5 1 Annual
3.2.3 Noise Quality
Since project road is a new alignment and mostly passes through open and dense jungle
vegetation area, noise is not a major problem at present. Noise level monitoring has been
conducted during the detailed survey at different zones to know the present noise scenario.
S.No. Location Units Permissible Limits Leq (Day)
Leq (Night)
Ldn Leq(day) Leq(Night)
1 Km 0.000 db(A) 50 40 25.8 29.5 31.0
2 Km 55.000 db(A) 50 40 32.5 27.1 33.6
3.3 Ecological Resources
3.3.1 Biological Resources
Flora and Fauna The proposed road does not pass through any Wildlife Sanctuary or national park, however,
part of project road passes through Mangan Reserve forest area, Chaap, Phalaot, Katus and
Rani Chaap are main trees found along the project area.
3.4 AREAS OF CONCERN
Environmental Assessment survey, focused group discussion and secondary data has led to
the conclusion that from environmental point of view following areas are the point of concern
from environment.
• Bio-diversity,
• High density of trees at several places within ROW,
• Minimum disturbance to natural resources i.e. rivers, streams etc.,
• Plantation under social forestry scheme along the road,
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Figure 13: Forest Map of Sikkim
Figure 14: Protected Areas of Sikkim
52
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
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Chapter 4 Potential Environmental
Impact and Mitigation Measures
4.1 General
The potential environmental impact depends on the nature of disturbance to the natural eco-
system as well as to the physical environment. The project activities such as levelling, hill cutting,
clearing of vegetation, felling of trees along the road, construction of culverts & bridges on rivers,
setting up of labour & construction camps, siting of construction machinery and other related
operations are bound to cause environmental impacts (positive/negative). The impact, due to
road project on environment, can be minimized, if proposed mitigation measures are adopted
during design, construction and operation phase. The potential impact on environment is
discussed below:
4.2 Impact on Environmental Resources
4.2.1 Water Environment
Impact on Surface Water Quality Construction Phase
The project road passes through many seasonal and perennial streams along the alignment.
Contamination of surface water may take place due to spills of construction materials, oil, grease,
fuel and paint, improper sanitation, and waste disposal from construction camps etc. This can be
kept under check by adequate precautionary/mitigative measures. Control measures will be
exercised to prevent any contamination of water while construction of bridges and to control the
suspended solids during road construction. During construction phase care would be exercised to
control dust so that water of springs, falls etc. especially those located very near to the ROW may
not get contaminated. Car washing platforms are present in the project road and water released
from the above may lead to surface and groundwater contamination.
Operation Phase
It is envisaged that there is probability of positive impacts, during operation phase, due to the
proposed construction of road. The extent of vehicles going on to the berms causing dust etc.
would reduce and the drainage system will improve, thus, reducing adverse effect of soil erosion.
Impact on Ground Water Quality
Ground water pollution can take place only if leachate from dump containing chemical substances,
reaches the ground water table. In this project no such material in substantial quantity will be
used. Even otherwise, there is no groundwater, reportedly, available along the project road.
Hence, no impact on the ground water quality is anticipated from the project during the
construction and operation phase. Wastewater from car washing platforms contains oils, grease
etc., may contaminate the groundwater
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Mitigation Measures
To avoid contamination of the various water bodies and drainage channels, construction work
close to the streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially, during monsoon period.
All wastes arising from the project will be disposed off, in strict adherence to the State Pollution
Control Board norms. Silt fencing will be provided to prevent sediments and pollutants from the
construction site entering into the nearby watercourses.
4.2.2 Land Requirement
Construction Phase
The present road construction will require land acquisition, which will lead to change in
land use pattern. No adverse impact on the environment is anticipated due to
hydrological factors. However cutting of hills will have adverse impacts e.g. erosion,
unstable hill slopes etc.
The problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more
pronounced along bridge-end fills, over steep banks and embankment slopes.
Destabilization of slopes is expected due to embankments, modification of flows. Site
tipping and spoil material will lead to increased erosion. Water flow diversion will also
lead to soil erosion.
Compaction of soil will occur in the pre-construction and construction stage
(particularly during site clearance stage) due to movement of heavy machinery and
vehicles. Compaction of soil is likely to occur during transplantation of trees and during
setting up of construction camps and stockyards.
Contamination of soil will result due to solid waste disposed from construction camps,
leakage and spillage of fuel and lubricants from construction vehicles, improper disposal
of construction wastes and spoils.
Operation Phase
Contamination of soil is expected due to deposition of the chemicals from the emission
of the vehicles as well as accidental spills from the vehicles. During operation phase
following restrictions should be imposed.
Construction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment
and the existing regulation should be enforced strictly.
Usage of Bio-engineering techniques for slope stabilization (Annexure 4.1)
Plantation of trees, shrubs and bushes as appropriate to soil characteristics and climate
conditions.
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Mitigation Measures
The adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by
a) minimizing the area of ground clearance,
b) avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize the production to spoil
material, c) avoiding the use of contaminated site,
d) avoiding slopes whose embankment angles are more than natural angle of
repose for that soil,
e) replanting the disturbed areas immediately after disturbance stopped, instead of
waiting for the construction to get over.
Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducing
erosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes to
effectively limit the surface erosion. Slope retaining structures will be provided where
slopes are unstable, and vegetation growth is very slow. Stone pitching, riprap and rock
material embedment in slope face, gabions and cribs will protect river embankments.
Better drainage facility will be provided to control speed, volume and location of flow.
To prevent the compaction of soil and the trampling of the vegetation around the
construction sites and temporary access roads, it will be ensured that the construction
machinery and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated area. To
minimize compaction of soil, all the vehicles will as far as possible, follow per-designated
routes.
At the various construction sites, the vehicles and equipment will be maintained and
refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil. It will be
ensured that the fuel storage and refueling sites are kept away from drainage channels
and important water bodies.
4.2.3 Air Environment
Construction Phase
The air quality can deteriorate due to generation of particulate matter from the
vehicular emission by movement of vehicle during construction activities & generation
of suspended solids from construction activity, which may involve site clearance, earth
filling and material loading, hauling and unloading. The impact is expected to be
temporary and confined to the construction area. However, high quantities of dust may
have implications on the health of the people living near the project area and the
construction workers. Hence, efforts would be made to sprinkle water regularly to
address these adverse effects.
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Operation Phase
Increase in air pollutant load is expected during the operation phase, since traffic volume is
projected to be high. It is essential that appropriate traffic safety measures are included in the
project design so that with the increase in traffic volume, men, animals, etc are not affected by
accidents.
Traffic The design consideration has been based on future traffic which is expected to be the para
military forces patrolling to the LOC of Indo-China Border. The maximum axle load of an Army
Vehicle is 20, 000 lbs. So, considering the army vehicles to be traversing the project road 5 msa
traffic is considered for designing the road.
Mitigation Measures The negative impacts on air quality during construction will be mostly localized in the Right of
Way (RoW). However, it is likely that impacts due to dust generation are felt downwind of the
site rather than the site itself. Some of the mitigation measures suggested for control of air
pollution are as described below.
The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least
1000m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement;
All precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from the hot mix plants,
crushers and batching plants will be taken up. The hot mix plant will be
fitted with dust extraction units;
All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be
regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform
to the SPCB norms. Regular monitoring of Suspended particulate Matter at
crusher sites, during the construction, will be conducted;
Water will be sprayed on the lime/cement and earth mixing sites, asphalt
mixing site and temporary service and access. After compacting the
earthwork, water will be sprayed on regularly to prevent dust;
To avoid dust emissions likely to result from the spills of construction
materials and borrow materials, the vehicles delivering material will be
covered;
Planting of trees/vegetation on the periphery of the construction site must
be taken up; and
During the operation stage of the project, vehicular emissions of critical
pollutants (SPM, RSPM, CO, SO2, NOx and Pb) will be monitored and
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roadside tree plantation will be maintained.
4.2.4 Noise Environment
Construction Phase
Increase in traffic due to construction activities may lead to increase in the noise level especially
at congested and sensitive areas. Due to the operation of construction equipments, there will be
a rise in noise level, though temporary in nature. In order to avoid the rise in noise level,
construction machinery should be located away from the settlements. Plantation scheme will be
suggested for noise screening and noise barriers will be recommended (if need be) at sensitive
locations i.e. schools and hospitals.
Operation Phase
Development of the new road will increase the noise levels due to movement of the Army
vehicles and during the construction phase due to the construction vehicles.
Mitigation Measures
In order to avoid the rise in noise level, construction machinery should be located at least 500 m
away from the settlements. Contractors will be advised to provide earplugs to workers to reduce
the impact of noise pollution. The noisy construction operations and their duration will be
scheduled in such a way to prevent nighttime activities. In addition to above, the contractor will
follow guidelines prescribed by CPCB.
Diverting traffic in sensitive areas, providing signages, will help reduce noise. Proper design and
maintenance of vehicles will also help in reduction of noise levels.
4.2.5 Landslides
Construction Phase
The road construction will require hill cutting which will lead to movement of rocks, soils etc. As
all this done in controlled and environmental safe manner, hence minimum impact on the
environment is anticipated
The problem of soil erosion during the construction stage is likely to be more pronounced along
landslide area
Operation Phase
Construction within ROW should be such as not to cause damage to the environment and the
existing regulation should be enforced strictly.
Mitigation Measures
The adverse impacts on the land due to the project will be mitigated by
a. minimizing the area of ground clearance,
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b. avoiding steep slopes, excess cut & fill to minimize the production to spoil material,
c. avoiding slopes whose embankment angles are more than natural angle of repose for
that soil,
d. replanting the disturbed areas immediately after disturbance stopped, instead of waiting
for the construction to get over.
e. Replanting cleared areas and slopes is the most effective action to be taken in reducing
erosion and stability problems. Grasses will be planted on the embankment slopes to
effectively limit the surface erosion.
4.2.6 IMPACT ON HUMAN USE VALUES
Induced Development (Land use pattern change)
The construction of the project road is expected to cause some changes in the land use. In this
process, areas presently under agriculture and mixed jungle vegetation area may be diverted for
development and other usage.
The impact of the road development is mainly concerned about the movement of the army
vehicle and war practices. The specific benefits of the road improvement will include reduction
in travel time.
Mitigation Measures
Degraded land will be developed by adopting appropriate enhancement measures.
Compensatory plantation of new trees will make up for the loss of trees. Private land acquired
will be compensated financially as per state govt. laws.
4.3 Impact on Ecological Resources
4.3.1 Impact on Vegetation
Widening of the road could cause ecological degradation of the environment, as 5,88,35,768
trees/plants were likely to be affected in the construction stage. Loss of large number of trees
and vegetation cover may result in the climatic changes.
In the operation phase environmental quality would be considerably improved by adopting
environmentally sound engineering designs maintaining the aesthetic quality through
landscaping and arboriculture practices.
Mitigation Measures
Number of trees to be cut has been kept at the minimum level No construction vehicle will be
allowed to enter into the dense forest area. During construction, proper care will be exercised to
avoid additional loss/cutting of trees. Construction camp will be sited at least 2 km away from
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the forest area. To balance the ecological loss, compensatory afforestation will be done as per
the clearance condition laid down by the forest department.
4.3.2 Impact on Wildlife & Forest
Construction Phase
There is no wildlife reported in the project area hence, there will be no impact on wildlife, During
the construction phase, adverse impacts on the biodiversity is expected as the part of project road
lies in the dense jungle vegetated area. Temporary displacement of the aquatic fauna, if any, may
take place during the construction of the bridges over the rivers and canals across the road. The
accidental spillage of chemicals coming with surface runoff may disturb the fauna of these water
bodies. This will have to be mitigated by implementing the mitigation measures and involving the
relevant forest officials, to ensure the implementation, while work is being carried out.
Operation Phase
During operation phase due to the increased traffic and widening of the road, there are chances
of accidents of wild animals while crossing the road. The noise created by the fast moving vehicles
may disturb the fauna, whatever remaining. In order to avoid this adverse impact, the speed of
the vehicles shall be restricted especially during nighttime.
4.4 PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Major concerns on environmental issues surfaced during the discussions with local peoples,
which are summarized as follows:
Protection of water bodies, that are very close to the project road,
Conservation of biodiversity/medicinal plants in the project area,
Minimum loss to the properties,
Minimum loss to agricultural land
Compensation for trees / plants going to be affected,
4.5 EVALUATION OF IMPACT
The Environmental Impact Evaluation process involves four basic steps viz-
Identification,
Interpretation,
Evaluation and
Communication
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Sl. No.
Environme
ntal Issue Management Measures
Reference
Document
Responsibility
Planning and
Execution Supervision /
Monitoring
DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit
1 Alignment
D.1
.1
Critical
sections/
settlements
Provision of service roads to separate the settlements along the road from through traffic
Provision of footpaths on sides for preventing pedestrians to use the road
Provision of large concrete drains on both sides with cover
Improvement of intersections with VUPs Design the road with minimum effect on
structures and trees Raising of the road at the submersible locations
Bus stops at suitable locations for all settlements
Project Corridor Technical
specifications
Design
consultant
CPWD
D.1
.2
Open areas The speed of the alignment is 40 kmph Medians of 4 m wide provided for anti glaring
Project Corridor Technical
specifications
Design
consultant
CPWD
2 Land
D.2
.1 Land
Acquisition The acquisition of land and properties (Govt. /private) will be carried out in accordance with the Rehabilitation Action Plan as prescribed by Govt. of Sikkim, as per the entitlement framework for the project and ROW of 24 m and 20 m
CPWD has to ascertain that any additional environmental
impacts resulting from additional acquisition of land shall
Corridor of
Impact
LA Act 1984 and
its
Amendments,
R&R Policy
EMU of CPWD,
Revenue
Dept., NGOs,
EMU of CPWD
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Sl. No.
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ntal Issue Management Measures
Reference
Document
Responsibility
Planning and
Execution Supervision /
Monitoring
be addressed and integrated into the EMP and other
relevant contract documents. Collaborating
Agencies
P.2
.2
Quarries and
Borrow areas Material from hill cutting for road widening will
be used in place of borrow materials. Existing licensed quarry that are already in
operation and having environmental clearance shall be used for road construction
If any new quarry to be opened by the contractor guidelines of MoEF shall be followed.
At borrow area
location suggested
by Contract
Agreement
(Hill Cutting)
Technical
specifications
Design
consultant
CPWD
3 Water
P.3.
1
Water
sources Use of existing community water sources shall be
prevented
Care to be taken to avoid river pollution during bridge construction
Provision of clear waterway for the rivers while designing bridges to avoid submergence.
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
(11/800 km,
39/300 km)
Technical
specifications
Design
consultant
CPWD
D.3.
2
Road
drainage Provision for adequate number of CD structures
to avoid ponding of water Provision of covered concrete drains on both sides
in built up areas
Provision of earthen drains on both sides in open areas
Raising of the road in submersible areas
As per project
road plan and
section
Technical
specifications
Design
consultant
CPWD
4 Flora and Fauna
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Sl. No.
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Reference
Document
Responsibility
Planning and
Execution Supervision /
Monitoring
D.4.
1
Preservation
of Trees As far as possible maximum efforts to minimize
the list of trees proposed to be felled by suitable on the spot adjustment of engineering designs at the time of execution.
No tree to be cut beyond the toe line
Trees along the
project road falling
within the
proposed ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
D.4
.2 Road side
plantation Trees will be removed from the Corridor of
Impact before the actual commencement of the construction work to prevent traffic problems and accidents. No construction activity and tree felling should be simultaneously taken up in any location of the package, which has not been cleared by the regional C.C.F. Sikkim or the MoEF Govt. of India for any reason what so ever.
Loss of road side trees to be made good by
compensatory afforestation. Identification of
incidental spaces for plantation of trees.
Trees along the
project road falling
within the
proposed ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
D.4
.3 Fauna to be
affected
Passage provided for crossing the road. Trees along the
project road falling
within the
proposed ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
5 Environmental quality
D.5.
1
Air Quality Pollution resistant tree plantation scheme/ barrier proposed
Better road conditions will improve speeds resulting in efficient use of fuel and thus reduce air pollution
Avenue/ Road side
Plantation along
the project
corridor
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
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D.5.
2
Noise level Improved traffic speeds and riding qualities will reduce noise pollution
Provision of service roads in built up areas reduce with tree barriers prevent noise pollution
Provision of signages like “No Horn” for sensitive location
Throughout the
road corridor and
service road in
built-up sections
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
6 Utilities
D.6
.1 Relocation of
Community
Utilities and
Common
Property
Resources
All CPRs (common property resources) such as stand posts, bore wells, wells, ponds, water supply lines, sewage lines, drainage systems, optical fibre cables, telephone and television cables together with electric power supply lines shall have to be removed and relocated outside the corridor before commencement of the road improvement activity.
Throughout the
corridor
RAP document of
APSRP. EMU of CPWD, Concerned
Agencies, Contractor
EMU of CPWD
D.6
.2 Relocation of affected Cultural and Religious Properties
Religious structures, statues, mandaps and boundaries coming within the RoW has to be demolished after alternate sites are selected for relocation of the structures where total replacement is necessary in consultation with the management committee /trustee /Endowment authority and after disbursement of due compensation amount under the active support and cooperation of local administration as these are very sensitive issues warranting special attention. No such structures be destroyed or removed and relocated without the knowledge and consent of interested parties and location decided after the involvement of local civil and police administration. These activities must be completed before commencement of the physical road improvement activity in that part of the package.
Throughout the
corridor
Annexure (List of
CPRs) EMU of CPWD,
NGOs, Contractor Supervision
Consultant EMU
of CPWD
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7 Environmental safety
D.7
.1
Accidents Design improvements to road geometry
Footpath provided for pedestrians to avoid
pedestrian being hit by road vehicles
Metal crash barriers provided at high
embankments and sharp curves
Provision of adequate sight distance at curves
and road junctions
Provision of signages at the reduced speed spots
and settlements, sensitive receptor locations
such as schools, hospitals and at known accident
spots
Throughout the
corridor
D.8 Orientation
of
Implementing
of Agency and
Contractor
A comprehensive training/ orientation schedule has been
prepared at different stages Major towns and
villages
(Yaingangpokpi,
Litan, Finch
Corner)
P.9 Location of
crushers,
HMP, WMM
plant, BMP
etc.
Shall be sited sufficiently away from the settlements, agricultural operations, and commercial establishments i.e at least 500 away
Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and approval shall be obtained before setting up the plant
At all construction
site location
(36.400 km)
Contractor CPWD
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Arrangement to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all sites.
Specifications of crushers and hot mix plants will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and NOC for all such plants shall be submitted
P.1
0
Other
construction
vehicles
All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.
Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws will not exceed the value specification the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
The equipment proposed to be used for bridge and culvert construction and must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease.
The inspection should verify that: � Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and oil) � Equipment is in good working order. � A drip pan is available for equipment that will be stored on site. � Concessionaire has a spill kit � Operator is trained on the refueling, maintenance and emergency spill. � A logbook will be maintained documenting all fuelling and maintenance events (date, time, location, condition of site, weather conditions, amount of fuel on maintenance event, issues).
Throughout the
project road/ At
all construction
site location
(36.400 km)
Contractor CPWD
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� Adequate inspections will be conducted during the construction period
P.1
1
Arrangemen
t of
construction
water
The Contractor will use ground water / surface water as a source of water for the construction after taking prior permission from Competent Authority.
The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be used.
To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and consult the Environment Expert before finalizing the locations. The contractor will not be allowed to pump water from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by the community. The contractor is required to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek its approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to Environment Expert of AE & CLIENT
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
Contractor CPWD
P.1
2
Site selection
for disposal
of unsuitable
materials
Contractor shall identify sites away from the project area
where unsuitable materials (debris, solid waste) generated
in the course of the construction can be safely disposed off.
Such locations shall be inspected by the Environment
Expert of Authority Engineer and approved in consultation
with the CLIENT before construction work starts.
At proposed muck
disposal sites
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P.1
3
Construction
camp
location,
design and
layout
Sitting of the construction camps will be as per the guidelines below:
Locations of construction camp to be identified by the Contractor.
Construction camps will not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000m from water sources.
The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated.
Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for night soils (human excreta) disposal approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Environmental Expert will have to be provided by the Contractor.
At all construction
site location
(36.400 km)
Contractor CPWD
P.14 Labor
Requirement
s
The contractor preferably shall use unskilled labor drawn
from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local
community especially to the SC and ST population along
the corridor.
At all construction
site location
(36.400 km)
General conditions
of Contract
Document
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
P.15 Orientation
of
Implementin
g
Agency and
Contractors
The CPWD shall organize orientation sessions and regular
training sessions during all stages of the project. This shall
include on-site training (general as well as in the specific
context of a sub-project). These sessions shall involve all
staff of Environmental Cells, field level implementation
staff of CPWD, Environmental Experts of Supervision
Consultant and Contractors.
Major towns and
villages
(Yaingangpokpi,
Litan, Finch
Corner)
Contract
Document EMU/ EMU of
CPWD Environmental
Expert of CPWD
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CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor
C.1 Soil
c.1.1. Soil erosion Turfing and pitching shall be done on the embenakments, slopes and shoulders for preventing soil erosion
Stepping to done in the rivers with high bed slopes.
Along the project
corridor (open
section)
Technical
specifications and
drawings
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.2 Borrow soil Material excavated from hills to be used for road construction wherever required. Operation of separate borrow areas will be avoided as far as possible
At all borrow area
locations
suggested for the
Contractor
Agreement
Technical
specifications and
drawings
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.3 Loss of top soil Top soil will be stripped to specified depth and stored in a stockpile to specified height. It will be spread back at the places of rehabilitation or where required for turfing
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.4 Transportation
of excavated
earth
Where vehicles carrying excavated earth pass through the villages, transportation will be done in such a way that it causes least inconvenience and nuisance to nearby people
The unpaved village roads used for the haulage of excavated earth will be maintained properly.
Precautionary measures like covering of vehicles will be taken to avoid spillage and to reduce dust nuisance during transport of materials.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
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c. 1.5 Compaction of
soil Compaction shall be done for the embankment
in layers Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.6 Quarries The Quarry material will be procured only from licensed
quarries operating under environmental clearances,
including transportation of quarry material clearances
under the Air Act.
Safety precautions will be ensured during transportation
of quarry material from quarries to the construction sites
Stockpiling of material will be properly planned so as to
ensure smooth traffic flow on the highway.
All quarries as
approved in the
Contract
agreement
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.7 Sand River sand will not be used. Instead stone dust will be
used.
Stone dust will be procured from licensed quarries
operating under environmental clearance. During
transportation trucks will be covered to prevent dust
nuisance
From quarries as
approved in the
Contract
agreement
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.8 Contamination
of soil from fuel
and lubricants
Soakage pits along with oil and grease traps will be provided around fuel storage areas.
Construction vehicles and equipments will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.
Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.9 Contamination
of soil from
construction
Cutting and filling will be carried out as per design
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
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Expert of CPWD
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wastes and
quarry materials Surplus earth, will be dumped at identified
locations as approved by the SC / CLIENT. All spoils will be disposed off as directed.
The construction wastes (debris) will be dumped at selected locations identified for the purpose and as approved by the SC/CLIENT
Site will be fully cleaned before handing over and no surplus material will be left within ROW
C.2 Water
C.2.1 Water bodies Impact on surface watercourses (rivers and streams)
would be minimized throughout by control over
construction works.
Water Bodies
mentioned in
Table 1
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.2 Other water
sources
Community water sources shall not be used during
construction period for which independent water source
will be constructed by the contractor.
Any community water source lost incidentally will be
replaced /compensated
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.3 Drainage and
runoff
At cross drainage structures, the earth, stone or any other
obstructing construction material will be removed and
properly disposed of so as not to block the flow of water
any time.
To concrete
drains and CD
structures as
proposed
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.4 Contamination of
water from
construction
waste
Construction and locations of plant & machinery
close to the streams and water bodies will be
avoided, especially during monsoon period.
Soak pits will be provided at construction site to
prevent wastewater from entering into rivers
and streams.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
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Expert of CPWD
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All waste arising from the project will be
disposed off as per SPCB norms, so as not to
block the flow of and contaminate water.
Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to
approved disposal sites.
C.2.5 Contamination of
water from fuel
and lubricants
To avoid contamination from fuel and
lubricants, the vehicle and equipment will be
properly maintained and refuelled.
Vehicle maintenance and refuelling in
construction camps will be confined to areas
with traps oil/grease to prevent
wastewater from entering into rivers and streams.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.2.6 Sanitation and
waste
disposal in
construction
camps
Construction camps will be constructed as per
the lay out plan approved by SC/CLIENT
The construction camps will be located away
from habitations (500 m), at identified sites.
The sewage system for such camps will be
properly designed and built so that no water
pollution of any stream or watercourses takes
place.
The workplace will have proper medical
approval by local medical, health or municipal authorities.
At camping sites
C.2.7
Use of water for
construction
The contractor will make independent arrangements for
water required for construction in such a way that the
water availability and supply to nearby communities
remain unaffected.
Suitable locations for water harvesting structures to be
provided by the contractor are identified.
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
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Wastage of water during construction will be minimized
and use properly controlled.
C3 Air
C.3.1 Emission from
construction
vehicles and
machinery
All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the SPCB norms.
The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 500 m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.
Regular monitoring of Air will be conducted as described in Environmental Monitoring Plan.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.3.2 Dust and
nuisance
The hot-mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be sited at least 500 m downwind from the nearest habitation and covered with dust trapping hoods.
Water will be sprayed at cement mixing sites, earth mixing sites and asphalt mixing sites and on temporary access roads and diversions.
Vehicle delivering material will be covered.
End boards in loaders will be provided to prevent spillage.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.4 Noise levels
C.4.1 Noise from
vehicle,
asphalt plants
and equipment
The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standard.
Properly sizing and maintaining mufflers, engine intake silencers, engine enclosures, turning off idle equipment.
To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, workers exposed to excessive
Throughout the
project corridor
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noise will be given earplugs, helmets, etc. Keeping men working at noisy sites on shift to avoid constant exposure to noise for long hours.
In construction sites within 500 m of human settlements, noisy construction will be avoided between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m.
Regular monitoring of Noise level as described in Environmental Plan
C.4.2 Noise from
blasting
operations
No blasting is required Throughout the
project corridor
C.5 Flora and Fauna
C.5.1 Loss of damage to
vegetation
Trees lost will be replaced just before the beginning of the construction according to Compensatory Afforestation Policy of State Forestry Department.
Apart from trees ear marked for felling no additional tree felling will be carried out Compensatory planting to be done as per DFO
In open areas
where avenue
plantation space
provision is made
C.5.2 Damage to
vegetation
All construction vehicle movement and parking locations
will be such as to prevent damage to roadside vegetation
Throughout the
project corridor
C.5.3 Damage to
trees/vegetation
by
workers
Contractor to ensure prevention of damage to vegetation and trees and their use by workers. Contractor should supply fuel for all needs during construction, to prevent use of vegetation and trees for fuel.
Contractor shall water the plants planted within ROW
Throughout the
project corridor
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C.5.4 Loss, injury or
disruption to
fauna
Construction workers will be directed not to poach upon fauna.
Hunting will be strictly prohibited.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.6 Safety and accidents
C.6.1 Accident risks
from
construction
activities
To ensure safe construction of the temporary accesses during construction, safety devices will be installed.
Traffic rules and regulation will be strictly adhered to.
At blasting sites, the blasting time, signal and guarding will be regulated. Prior to blasting, the site will be thoroughly inspected and information given to public.
Safety of workers undertaking various operations during construction will be protected by providing helmets, masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots etc.
First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for workers meeting minor accidents during construction
Throughout the
project corridor
especially at
intersections and
settlements
C.6.2 Health issue At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid waterborne/water-related/ water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of workers.
Adequate drainage, septic tanks and soak pits and wastewater disposal will be provided at workplace.
Preventive Medical care will be provided to workers.
Throughout the
project corridor
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C.6.3 Movement of
existing traffic
Traffic management will be affected
through
a. Gate system
b. Diversion along existing alternative routes
c. Proper signage
Not Required
C.7 Environmental Enhancement
C.7.1 Roadside
landscape
development
Roadside plantation and grassing, bioengineering
measures to improve aesthetics
Throughout the
project corridor
C.7.2 Roadside
amenities
Provision of bus shelters, bus bays and rest places as per standard design will be carried out.
Road furniture including marker posts, crash barriers, traffic signs, speed zone signs, rumbling strips etc. will be constructed and erected as per design.
Not Required
C.7.3 Community
properties
Community properties, located away from the project road should not be disturbed by construction activity, workers camps and contractors work areas Community properties coming in the COI will be relocated in consultation with the local community.
Construction camps /Blasting sites and all allied construction activities shall be located away from the cultural properties such that it is not affected.
Not Required
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C.7.4 Environmental
Awareness
Environmental Awareness Campaigns to be conducted in
the project area during construction period
Not Required
C.8 Site Clearance
C.8.1 Clearing and
Grubbing Vegetation will be removed from the
construction zone before commencement of construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other that those identified for cutting is minimum.
Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.
The Concessionaire, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving permission from the Forest Department.
Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the ground will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.
Throughout the
project road
MoRTH
201.2Guideline-1
(Guidelines for
arrangement with
Forest
Department)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.8.2 Generation of Debris from dismantling structures and
road surface
Debris generated due to the dismantling of the side of
existing road for pavement rehabilitation will be suitably
reused in the
proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the
materials and approval of the Engineer and Environment
Expert as
follows:
Proposed Muck
Sites
Guide lines of Pollution Control
Board.
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
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The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base for the haul road or access roads
The Concessionaire will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials at predesignated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the Environmental Expert. .
The Concessionaire will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.
All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, will be planned and implemented by the Concessionaire as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert.
The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Concessionaire in consultation with the Environment Expert and Engineer of the AE
C.8.3 Other
Construction
Wastes Disposal
The Environmental Expert will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor.
Non- bituminous wastes may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) covered with a layer of the soil
No new disposal site shall be created as part of the project, except with prior approval of the Environment Expert. All waste materials will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert before handing over.
Proposed Muck
Sites
Guide lines of Sikkim Pollution
Control Board.
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of
CPWD
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All waste material will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environment Expert before handing over.
C.8.4 Stripping,
stocking and
preservation of
top soil
Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.
It will be ensured by the Contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for
Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas
Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes
In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation.
At all
construction
material storage
areas
MoRTH: 301.3.2,
MoRTH: 301.7,
MoRTH: 301.3.3,
MoRTH: 305.3
Guidelines – 3
(Guidelines for borrow area management)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.8.5 Accessibility The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road. The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions and to the prior satisfaction of Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant.
The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after the other, so that traffic
Not Required Contractor Environmental Expert of S C,
EMU of CPWD
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movement in any given area does not get affected much.
C.8.6 Planning for
Traffic Diversions
and Detours
• The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of traffic control plans. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/ detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • The Contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from AE and CLIENT.
Throughout the project road
MoRTH: 112 and its amendments Guidelines 7 (Guideline for traffic management during construction)
Contractor Environmental
Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9 Procurement of Construction Material
C.9.1 Earth from
Borrow Areas for
Construction
No borrow area will be opened without permission of the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved by the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant and in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for road embankments (IRC 10: 1961). The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas.
- MoRTH: 305.2
Guidelines – 3
(Guidelines for borrow area management)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9.2 Quarry
Operations The contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy to Client and AE prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force
At quarries and
crushing units as
per the state
approved quarry
provided in the
estimates
MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
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C.9.3 Transporting
Construction
Materials and
Haul Road Management
Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering goods subject to susceptible to be blown by wind during the vehicular movement to avoid spilling and air pollution.
It shall be the responsibility of the contractor or his agent, sub-agents, sub-contractors, petty contractor, material suppliers whose vehicles use the highways and other roads for transportation of construction materials, to keep the roads clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates fallen from the transport vehicle.
Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression on all such roads and surfaces where dust generation is a major problem.
The unloading of all materials at construction sites
should be limited to day time only for safety and avoiding
accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro net and such
other barricading material are to be erected along all
construction, dumping and stockpiling sites under use,
so that the generation of the dust in the vicinity of such
locations can be minimized to great extent.
All roads used for
haulage of
construction
materials
Contractor Environmental
Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9.4 Construction
Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own cost. The Contractor will submit a list of such source/s from where water will be used for the project to AE and Client.
The Concessionaire will source the requirement of water
preferentially from ground water but with prior
permission from the competent authority/ authorities, if
Throughout the
project road
Guideline 11 (Guidelines for
quarry material)
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EMU of CPWD
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required. A copy of the permission will be submitted to
AE and Client prior to initiation of construction.
The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the
wastage of water in the construction process/ operation
C.9.5 Drainage &
Flood Control
• The Concessionaire will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so that it does not block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels. • The Concessionaire will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design requirements, the Concessionaire will take all required measures as directed by the Environmental Expert of AE to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area, if any.
Construction
sites of cross
drainage work
MoRTH:305.3.7
MoRTH:306
Annexure 3.3
Annexure 3.4
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.10 Construction Work
C.10.1 Disruption to
Other Users of
Water
While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of water.
Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such activity is likely to constraint or impact the community water body connected to such streams adequate prior information will be provided to such community for making a suitable arrangement that may lead to peaceful and uninterrupted use of the resource during the time of construction activity.
Throughout the
project road
MoRTH:304.3.2 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
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C.3.3 Siltation of Water Bodies and Degradation of Water Quality
Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.
The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay byes, which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.
Contractor will ensure that construction materials
containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such
that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby
water bodies.
Construction sites
of cross drainage
work
MoRTH: 306
Annexure 3.5 (Silt Fencing)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.10.4 Slope Protection
and Control of
Soil Erosion
The contractor will construct slope protection works as per design, or as directed by the Environmental Expert of SC to control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices as will be necessitated according to the local conditions.
All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works
and maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to
the earth work or other items of work and as such no
separate payment will be made for them. Contractor will
ensure the following aspects:
After construction activities of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications.
At bridge
approaches;
High
embankment
sections (Low
Lying areas)
MoRTH:
305.2.2.2
MoRTH: 306.2
Guideline 8
(Guideline for soil erosion and sedimentation control)
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EMU of CPWD
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Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible, provided the season is favourable for the establishment of grass sods. Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching, netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on shrub and bushes at 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.
In borrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be stepper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.
Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and unsettlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.
Refer Guidelines for soil erosion and
sedimentation. C.11 Labour Camp Management
C.11.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other
Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp.
The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to SC and EMU of CPWD prior to their setting up in the field for approval.
At all camp site
location
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The construction of camps will only commence after the written approval from the EMU. In consultation and concurrence of the Environmental Expert and SC.
The contractor will maintain necessary living
accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and
hygienic manner as per the suggestions and guidance
provided by the environment expert and SC.
C.11.2 Potable Water Provision for supply of potable water to all camp sites in the package will have to be in place in such a manner that the sources are free from pollution and contamination. With proper drainage, platforms, storage facility and sanitation measures in position to see that the surplus and waste water flow does not stagnate or create un healthy atmosphere around camp as well as the surrounding agricultural fields, water sources and habitation.
Ground water recharging provision through setting up of
soak pits away from such water supply system to
discharge the waste water shall have to be made by the
contractor at each camp site whether the same is over
Govt. or private land.
The Contractor will also provide availability of potable water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area which is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
The contractor will ensure the fulfilment of the following conditions at all work places for the benefit of worker:
a) Adequate supply of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labour camp site suitably located
At all camp site
location
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EMU of CPWD
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on high ground and dry place which is easily accessible and regularly maintained for health and hygiene to prevent contamination and communicable diseases.
b) All such storage facilities of drinking water will be on raised platform for drainage and safe storage above at least 1m ground above ground to facilitate its use..
c) As far as possible shallow well should not be used as potable source of water unless there is any constraint for boring of tube wells. In all such cases of potable water from open wells, irrespective of its location from polluting environment, regular dis-infection of the water source by application of lime, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate solution have to be ensured at weekly /fort nightly interval. However it should be safe to provide water purifier units in such locations to prevent water borne diseases, where power supply and storage water facility is available.
d) All open wells should be covered with a trap door, to facilitate disinfections of water sources while mini hand pumps may be set up to draw water from such wells and prevent accidental contamination /accidental fall into such wells besides avoiding dust and filth from the adjacent road entering the well for which a safe drainage channel encircling the open well should be mandatory to prevent inflow of polluted water from outside.
e) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month to be monitored and recorded by the camp in charge at each place.
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f) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991, by sample testing of the water periodically.
Environmental Expert of SC will be required to inspect
the labour camp once in a week to ensure health and
hygienic of the work force.
C.11.3 Sanitation and
Sewage System The contractor will ensure that -
The sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses takes place.
Separate toilets /bathrooms /latrines, wherever required, are to be provided for women workers separately with specific signage indicating its exclusive use by them.
All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.
All toilets in workplaces are to be located with covered screen walls and of dry earth system which are to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using strong disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not be affecting the air surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields near by either during summer or rains.
For lavatory purposes the use of portable latrines
system are to be brought under use and the night
soil so collected has to be disposed of at designated
septic latrines, so as to prevent pollution of the
workplace and surrounding areas.
At all camp site
location
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EMU of CPWD
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C.11.4 Waste Disposal The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of SC.
No night soil should be disposed of at any place other
than the septic tank constructed for the workers at the
camp site by ensuring the use of portable latrines system
mounted on wheels and fitted with temporary water
sealed containers to store the night soil, which shall be
emptied at the nearest septic tank facility of any camp
site.
At all camp site
location
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.12 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup
C.12.1 Clean-up
Operations,
Restoration and
Rehabilitation
Contractor will prepare site restoration plans, which will be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL, as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan and as approved by SC and accepted by the EMU.
All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly on adjoining/ proximate barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the RoW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage, drainage or erosion of the construction materials as will be identified and suggested by Environmental Expert of SC not below the thickness of 75 mm.
All construction zones including river-beds, culverts,
road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers,
At all
construction site
location
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EMU of CPWD
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batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by
the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's
expense, to the entire satisfaction of the land owner in
case of private land and to the best satisfaction of the
Environmental Expert of SC as well as the site engineer.
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OPERATION STAGE
O.1 Monitoring
Operation
Performance
• The PIU will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. • The indicators selected for monitoring
include the survival rate of trees; utility of
enhancement provision for relocated utilities, hand
pumps and other relocated structures if any; status of
rehabilitation of borrow areas; and noise barriers,
which are proposed at different locations.
At the specific
locations
(Mainly at plant
sites, construction
locations)
EMU of CPWD/PWD
The Forest and
Biodiversity wing of EMU
of CPWD
EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.2 Maintenance of
Drainage CPWD will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding without damaging the spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course and flow of all such drainage channels.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
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CPWD will ensure that all the sediment /oil and
grease traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are
cleared once in every 3 months.
O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality,
noise level, water (both ground and surface water)
quality, soil pollution/contamination are to be
continued at pre-designated locations and if
necessary at additional locations for comparative
study of pre and post-operative data in order to
ensure further improvement /modification in the
design /methodology CPWD may appoint specific
pollution monitoring agency for such study or carry
it out as per the suggestion /recommendation of the
statutory authority, (SPCB).
At regular intervals
of 15 km/ built-up
sections
EMU Environment expert
Pollution Monitoring
Agency
EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.4. Soil Erosion and
Monitoring of
Borrow Areas
Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at
borrow areas, quarries (if closed and rehabilitated),
embankments and other places expected to be
affected, will be carried out before monsoon, during
monsoon and after winter rains to regularly record
and monitor the effectiveness of such structures at
monthly intervals for the 1st three years during and
after completion of project, so as to evaluate the
beneficial effects of each type of activity together with
the cost involved for adoption of most effective
structures in other areas of road improvement to
check soil erosion.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
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o.5 Monitoring of
survival rate of
plantation in PRoW
Every year there will be monitoring for the survival
rate of plantation in the PROW for the first five years
before on set of monsoon. A minimum survival of 85%
will be maintained. Any loss will be made up by fresh
plantation.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.6 Changes in Land Use
Pattern EMU of CPWD shall take initiative to move and motivate the Govt. as a facilitator in preparing an action plan to encourage balanced congestion free hygienic environment friendly activity on either side of the developed highway during and after completion of the project. This is to avoid irregular, ugly, unhygienic and destructive ribbon development, close to the road corridor which adversely affects agricultural and water harvesting capabilities and drainage system of the area. The department may strive for effective promulgation of some legislation and guidelines, controlling such unbridled activity, which are self-destructive and distress full for the poor farmers and drainage on the State’s Economic Resources.
A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the RoW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed.
Necessary hoardings along the corridor need be
provided in shape of permanent structures to warn
and advise encroachers against such activity under
punitive action such as forfeiture of the structures
and belonging without prior notice besides punitive
legal action in the court of law barring any stay over
such action by the state from any court of law.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD,
Local Planning Authorities,
Revenue Department and Local Civic Bodies
EMU of the CPWD & Revenue Department,
Town planning Authority
EMU of CPWD/PWD
EMU of CPWD/PWD
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Budgetary provisions are to be made to control the
ribbon development along project road.
O.7 Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR)
As part of CSR, the following provisions are suggested :
• Undertaking regular road safety, HIV/AIDs, health awareness campaigns • Assistance to improve skills for income generation to community people • Development of schools, health cares, dispensaries or public facilities • Workshops/Training to farmers in order to impart the knowledge to use modern methods and tools for farming • To ensure that the contractors provides all necessary amenities and facilities for the workers at construction camps/work sites and no employment of child labour is practiced at site
Not required EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.8 Contamination from
accidental spills • The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately • The left over spills will be scraped and reclaimed to small lined confined pits at the identified sites.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.9 Dust generation • Roadside tree plantations will be protected from dust and well maintained. • Afforestation, turfing, water sprinkling shall be carried out by O&M agency at sites of dust generation
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.10 Air Generation • Vehicle emission of critical pollutants parameters (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2 and NO2,) will be monitored on critical locations • Roadside tree plantation will be protected and maintained. • Regular maintenance of road will be done to ensure good surface condition
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project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
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O.11 Noise Pollution • It shall be monitored At regular intervals
of 5 km/ built-up
sections
EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.12 Water • The roadside drainage system will be periodically cleared of blockage.
All water bodies
along the project
road (as
mentioned in
Table 1)
EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.13 Flora and Fauna • The success of the replantation scheme will be monitored
Throughout the
project road/
Avenue plantation
section
EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
O.14 Safety measures • Traffic management plan will be developed, especially for congested locations • Traffic control measures including speed limits, signages at sensitive receptors will be enforced strictly. • Further growth of encroachment within the ROW will be controlled.
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project road EMU of CPWD/PWD EMU of CPWD/PWD
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4.6 Costs and Budget
The estimate shows that the approximate cost of the Environmental protection measures to
reduce the adverse impacts and to enhance the existing environment budget is 1156 crores as per
given in Table 16:
Table 16: Environmental Budget
S. No
Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Cr)
MITIGATION COST
1 Compensatory Afforestation @ 1:2 in lieu of 5,88,35,768 trees cut
117671536 100.00 1100.00
2 Oil interceptors at camp site along the road 10 10000.00 0.01
3 Management and Closure of dumping sites LS 0.4
Mitigation Cost (A) 1100.41
MONITORING COST
1 Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 5000.00 0.037
2
Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years(3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 5000.00 0.037
S. No
Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)
3
Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 3000.00 0.022
4
Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
50 3000.00 0.015
Monitoring Cost (B) 0.11
ENHANCEMENT COST
1 Environmental Training LS 0.015
2 Environmental awareness LS 0.01
Enhancement Cost ( C ) .025
ENVIRONMENTAL COST
Mitigation Cost (A) 1100.41
Monitoring Cost (B) 0.11
Enhancement Cost (C) .025
Sub Total 1100.77
Contingency @5% 55.03
TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COST 1155.8
1156 crores
Rupees One thousand one hundred fifty six Crores Only
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
PROGRAM
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CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PROGRAM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The primary objective of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) will be to ensure that the
safeguards identified as necessary during the EIA process, as well as statuary obligations are all
satisfactorily complied with.
While the purpose of EIA process is to identify potential negative impacts and recommend
appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the same, the EMP is devised to:
Implement the mitigation Measures
Monitor the Implementation Program
Report to the designated/ Statutory Bodies
The Environmental Monitoring Plan is Proposed for the following two phases:
Construction Phase
Operation Phase
5.2 EMP During Construction Phase
With reference to the foregoing, the Environmental Monitoring Process can be planned as
described hereunder in Table below.
Table 17: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Construction Stage
ACTIVITY REQUIREMENT
S
PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILI
TY
Site Establishment
& Clearance
Site
Organization Site plan to be developed showing areas for
material storage, access points for
contractor’s establishment
Contractor’s
Representative
Site security The Contractor’s site (Container) shall be
under guard to prevent unwanted access
Geotextile
Screening A double layer geotextile screen shall be
installed to completely encircle the working
zone and maintained daily for the whole
duration of the works
Maintenance of
Site tidiness
The site shall be cleaned of any works debris
on an everyday basis, care being taken to
use containers to collect all timber wastes,
steel cuttings, drill bits, bolts, nuts, washers
and the like.
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ACTIVITY REQUIREMENT
S
PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILI
TY
Materials and
Waste
Management
Material Store Areas for the storage of imported materials
such as aggregate, bitumen, cement, paint,
fixtures, etc. to be within a lockable and
secure place, ideally a goods container.
Contractor’s
Representative
Waste Materials All waste materials to be stored, pending
carting away from the site, ideally inside
designated containers and kept inside a
container.
Rock dust Rock dust from drilling shall be contained
with moist hessian sack enclosure during
drilling and immediately after removed
from the site into the waste storage
container.
General EMP Reports The nominated Representative of the
Contractor shall submit a final report to the
Proponent’s Representative who will verify
the information
Contractor’s
Representative
Free passage of
Public on Public
Domain
The Contractor shall ensure that public
movement is not hindered on the Public
Domain during the works
Complaints
received
Complaints received regarding the
construction activities on Site that relate to
the Environment shall be recorded in a
special designated register and the
response noted with the date and the action
taken.
This record shall be submitted with the EMP
report and be available for inspection by the
regulatory authorities
Environmental
Components The contractor shall ensure the activities
during the construction shall not lead to:
Contamination of Soil
Contamination of Air
Contamination of Ground Water
Contamination of Surface Water
Increase in Noise Standards
5.3 EMP During Operation Phase
The overall goal for the Operational Environmental Monitoring Programme (OEMP) is to ensure
that the operation of motorized vehicles on the project road does not have unforeseen negative
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impacts on the environment and to ensure that all impacts are monitored and the necessary
corrective action is taken timeously. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to operate the
project road in a way that:
Ensures that operational activities are properly managed in respect of environmental
aspects and impacts.
Enables the WEF operational activities to be undertaken without significant disruption to
other land uses in the area, in particular with regards to noise impacts, farming practices,
traffic and road use, and effects on local residents.
Minimises impacts on birds and other fauna found onsite.
Table 18: Environmental Monitoring Plan at Operation Stage
ACTIVITY REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURE RESPONSIBILITY
Protection of Water Quality
Treatment of
Waste Water
The supervisors to ensure that waste waters
generated from camp site and plants are in
prescribed standard before discharge.
Contractor’s Representative
Protection of Air Quality
Sprinklers and
Management at
camp sites
Sprinklers to be installed at working sites to
manage the dust and the smoke are to be
purified before release to air in the plants
Contractor’s Representative
Noise from Operation of Jetty
Noise Barriers The contractor’s team shall be educated
towards responsible plant operation to
reduce noise from construction activities
Contractor’s Representative
Public Access Diversion/ Extra
Lane
The proponent shall make accommodate the
public to go round the construction site
Contractor’s Representative
Solid wastes Management
Waste Treatment & Proper Disposal
The contractor shall ensure the waste
generated are reused and unused materials
are disposed off at suitable place.
Contractor’s Representative
5.4 Monitoring Plan
The purpose of this plan is to regroup into one document the monitoring and follow-up programs
required to track potential effects of the Project activities on the receiving environment. The Plan
focuses on monitoring and reporting information that will be required under the Project’s
authorizations and permits.
5.4.1 Scope of the Monitoring and Follow Plan
The plan outlines the environmental monitoring requirement, sampling methods, frequency and
reporting requirements for:
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Air quality
Noise Quality
Soil Quality
Groundwater quality
Surface water quality
Water Control Pond/ Stream Discharge
Environmental Effects Monitoring Program as defined by the MMER; and
Studies.
7.4.1.1 Construction Stage Table 19: Monitoring Plan during Construction Phase
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORING DETAILS SCHEDULE
1. Construction
Specifications and their
application
Review Contract Documents to
ensure insertion of adequate
clauses.
Ensure their application by the
supervisory personnel
At start of construction
All issues to be discussed In
fortnightly site meetings
2. Selection of Project
Team
Ensure that competent and
experience project team is in
place prior to start of
construction.
Ensure clarity as regards their
interaction on site.
Agree schedules of meetings,
including Coordination
meetings, Site Meetings,
Sub-contractor’s Meeting, etc.
Prior to start of construction
Through Site Meetings:
Monthly
Tentative schedule. Site
Meetings: Monthly
Coordination meetings:
Weekly
Sub-Contractor’s Meetings
Monthly 3. Noise Ensure that heavy machinery does
not work at undue hours
Noise protection equipment to
operators of noise-producing
equipment
Daily - at end of working day
Daily - at start of working day
4. Storage of
materials, plant and
Ensure provision of adequate bins
are located safe area
At start of construction
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ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS MONITORING DETAILS SCHEDULE
equipment
5. Protection of site
neighborhood
Control disposal of
Constructional and / or
demolition wastes
Daily
Ensure no uncontrolled dumping
in site vicinity
In site meetings
Ensure no dust emission
By provision of appropriate regular
water wetting if necessary
Daily
Wetting– at least once daily
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Table 20: Environment Monitoring Plan E
nv
iro
nm
en
t co
mp
on
en
t
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
A
ir
C
on
stru
ctio
n s
tage
PM2.5 PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, HC
Annexure Wherever the contractor decides to locate the Hot mix plant
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 3 years
Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day
Check and modify control devices like bag filter/ cyclones of hot mix plant.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
PM2.5 PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, HC
Annexure Along the project road at different zone as suggested by SC for regular monitoring
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 3 years
Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day
Check and modify control devices like bag filter/cyclones of hot mix plant.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
O
per
atio
n s
tage
PM2.5 PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, HC
Annexure Along the project road at different zone as suggested by SC for regular monitoring
Thrice in a year (winter, summer and post monsoon seasons) for 2 years
Continuous 24 hours/ or for 1 full working day
- Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
Surf
ace
Wat
er
Qu
alit
y
C o n st ru ct io n
st a g e pH, Surface Water At identified Once in a Grab Sample Check and Contractor SC, CPWD temperature, quality locations season modify petrol through DO, Oil & standards by excluding the interceptors, approved Grease EC, CPCB monsoon for 3 Silt fencing monitoring TSS, Total (Annexure) years devices. agency
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
Hardness, Suspended Solids, turbidity, BOD, COD, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fecal coliform, Total Coliform, Salinity
O
per
atio
n s
tage
pH, temperature, DO, Oil & Grease EC, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, turbidity, BOD, COD, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Fecal coliform, Total Coliform, Salinity
Surface Water quality stand. by CPCB (Annexure)
At identified locations
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 2 years
Grab Sample Check and modify petrol interceptors, Silt fencing devices.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
G
rou
nd
Wat
er Q
ual
ity
C
on
stru
ctio
n s
tage
PH, Temperature, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Salinity
Ground Water quality standards by CPCB
At identified locations
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 3 years
Grab Sample Check and modify petrol interceptors, Silt fencing devices.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
O
per
atio
n s
tage
pH, Temperature, TSS, Total Hardness, Suspended Solids, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Salinity
Ground Water quality standards by CPCB
At identified locations
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 2 years
Grab Sample Check and modify petrol interceptors, Silt fencing devices.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
N
ois
e le
vel
s
C
on
stru
ctio
n s
tage
Leq dB(A) (Day & Night), Average and Peak values
Noise standards by CPCB
At equipment yards and locations as identified by SC
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 3 years
Readings to be taken at 60 seconds interval for every hour and then Leq are to be obtained for Day time and Night time
Check and modify equipment and devices used to protect noise level.
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
Operation stage
Leq dB(A) (Day & Night), Average and Peak values
Noise standards by CPCB
Locations as identified by SC
Once in a season excluding the monsoon for 2 years
Readings to be taken at 60 seconds interval for every hour and then Leq are to be obtained for Day time and Night time
- CPWD through approved monitoring agency
SC, CPWD
S o i l
C
on
stru
ctio
n
stag
e
Physical CPCB Near Once in a - - Contractor SC, CPWD Parameters: construction season through an Texture, Grain sites and excluding the approved Size along the road monsoon for 3 monitoring Distribution, as identified years agency Gravel, Sand, by the SC Silt, Clay;
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
Chemical Parameters: pH (10%w/v
slurry), Conductivity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium,
Sodium Absorption Ratio, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter
O p e r a t i o n
S t a g e
Physical CPCB Along the road Once in a - - Parameters: Texture, Grain Size Distribution, Gravel, Sand,
as identified by the SC
season excluding the monsoon for 2 years
Silt, Clay; Chemical Parameters: pH (10%w/v slurry),
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
Conductivity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Sodium Absorption Ratio, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter
So
il E
rosi
on
Co
nst
ruct
ion
sta
ge
Turbidity in Storm water Silt load in ponds
As specified by the engineer Water quality standards
At the drains, ponds and rivers near construction site
Pre-monsoon and post- monsoon seasons for 3 years
Inspection and modification of silt fencing/ any leakage of drains to these surface water bodies
Contractor under advice of SC
CPWD
Op
erat
ion
sta
ge
Turbidity in Storm water
Silt load in ponds
As specified by the engineer / Water quality standards
At major water bodies identified by the CPWD.
Every year before onset of monsoon
Check drains, culverts and its modification
Contractor under advice of SC
CPWD
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En
vir
on
me
nt
com
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
REGULAR MONITORING PARAMETERS Institutional Responsibilities
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Sta
nd
ard
s
Lo
cati
on
Fre
qu
en
cy
Du
rati
on
Act
ion
pla
n
in c
ase
cr
ite
ria
e
xce
ed
s
Imp
lem
en
tat
ion
Su
pe
rvis
ion
Co
nst
ruct
ion
Sit
es a
nd
C
on
stru
ctio
n C
amp
s
C
on
stru
ctio
n S
tage
Monitoring of:
1. Storage Area
2. Drainage Arrangements
3. Sanitation in Construction Camps
To the satisfaction of the PIU and the standards given in the reporting form.
At Storage area and construction camps
Quarterly in the construction stage.
Check sanitation/ drainage and standards of camp sites and bring upto level of satisfaction of PIU
Contractor under advice of SC
CPWD
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5.5 Environmental Reporting System
Monitoring and Evaluation are critical activities in implementation of all projects. Monitoring
involves periodic checking to ascertain whether activities are going according to the plans. It
provides the necessary feedback for project management to keep the program on schedule. By
contrast evaluation is essentially a summing up at the end of the project to assess whether those
activities actually achieved as was intended.
The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rung of the
implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turn shall report to the
CPWD. All reporting by the contractor and Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis.
The CPWD shall be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identified EMP activities.
The compliance monitoring and the progress reports on environmental components may be
clubbed together and submitted to the CPWD quarterly during the implementation period. The
operation stage monitoring reports may be annual or biennial provided the Project
Environmental Completion Report shows that the implementation was satisfactory. Otherwise,
the operation stage monitoring reports will have to be prepared as specified in the said Project
Environmental Completion Report.
Responsibilities for overseeing will rest with the Supervision Consultant’s staff reporting to the
CPWD. Capacity to quantitatively monitor relevant ecological parameters would be an advantage
but monitoring will primarily involve ensuring that actions taken are in accordance with contract
and specification clauses, and specified mitigation measures as per the EMP.
During the implementation period, a compliance report may include description of the items of
EMP, which were not complied with by any of the responsible agencies. It would also report to the
management about actions taken to enforce compliance. It may however, be noted that certain
items of the EMP might not be possibly complied with for a variety of reasons. The intention of
the compliance report is not to suppress these issues but to bring out the circumstances and
reasons for which compliance was not possible (such as jurisdictional issues). This would help in
reinforcing the implementation of the EMP.
Photographic records will also be established to provide useful environmental monitoring tools.
A full record will be kept as part of normal contract monitoring. Reporting and Monitoring
Systems for various stages of construction and related activities have been proposed to ensure
timely and effective implementation of the EMP.
The reporting system has been prepared for each of the stage of road construction namely:
Pre-construction stage
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Construction Stage
Operation Stage
This reporting shall be done through:
Reporting by the Contractor to the SC
Reporting by EE to CPWD
The stage-wise reporting system is detailed out in the following Table below.
Table 21: Stage-Wise Reporting System of CPWD
F
orm
at
No
.
It
em
Contractor Supervision
Consultant (SC) Project Implementation
(PIU)
Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n a
nd
Re
po
rtin
g
to S
C
S
up
erv
isio
n
R
ep
ort
ing
to
C
PW
D
O
ve
rse
e/
Fie
ld
Co
mp
lia
nce
M
on
ito
rin
g
Re
po
rt t
o G
M
En
vir
on
me
nt
C1
Monitoring of construction
site and construction
camp
Before start of work
Quarterly
Quarterly
C2
Target sheet for Pollution Monitoring
As
required After
Monitoring
After
Monitoring
C3
Target sheet for roadside plantation
Monthly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Half yearly
C4
Target sheet for monitoring
of cleaning water bodies
Monthly
Monthly
Quarterly
Half yearly
O1
Target sheet for Pollution Monitoring
As per monitoring
plan
After monitoring
O2
Target sheet for survival reporting of
roadside plantation
Quarterly
After monitoring
O3
Target sheet for monitoring
of cleaning water bodies
Quarterly
After
monitoring
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5.6 MONITORING PLAN
An Environmental monitoring budget of Rs.1125000.00 (Rupees Eleven lakh twenty
five Thousand only). has been allocated for construction as well as operation phase. This
amount has also been included in the Environmental Budget in Chapter 9.
En
vir
on
me
nta
l C
om
po
ne
nt
Pro
ject
Sta
ge
Monitoring Institutional Responsibility
Pa
ram
ete
rs
Lo
cati
on
(ch
.)
Fre
qu
en
cy
Sta
nd
ard
s
Ap
pro
xim
ate
Co
st
Rs.
Imp
lem
en
tati
on
Su
pe
rvis
ion
Air Construction Stage
SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, CO
1. Hot mix plant concrete mixing plant construction site (1 location)
2. Other Four locations at major settlements
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Air quality standards by CPCB
5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Operation Stage
SPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx, CO
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Air quality standards by CPCB
5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Water Quality
Construction Stage
PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,
At Construction Camp, labour camp and other surface and groundwater
One sample at one place
Water Quality Standards by CPCB
5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Operation Stage
PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,
At streams and rivers
One sample at one place
Water Quality Standards by CPCB
5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Noise Levels Construction Stage
Equivalent noise levels
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Noise standards by CPCB
5x3000x3x3= 135000
Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Operation Stage
Equivalent noise levels
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Noise standards by CPCB
5x3000x2x3= 90,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
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Soil Construction Stage
Ph, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases
At agricultures lands and other project specific locations
One sample at one place
Soil Standard ICAR
5x3000x2x3 =90000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Operation Stage
Ph, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases
At agricultures lands and other project specific locations
One sample at one place
Soil Standard ICAR
5x3000x2x2 =60000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
CPWD
Environment Awareness
Construction Stage
At major villages to be carried out by a reputed NGO.
For three year
As per course content and calendar approved by CPWD
2,00,000 NGO (YMA) CPWD
Flora Operation Stage
At least 75% survival rate of trees
Entire stretch For three years after plantation
- 10350x500=5175000 CPWD, Forestry Department
CPWD, Environment and Forest Department (GOM)
Mobilization during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000
Total Monitoring cost 1125000
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
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CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
As a part of the project preparation and to ensure that the community support is obtained and the
project supports the felt needs of the people; public consultations were carried out as an integral
component. A continuous involvement of the stakeholders and the affected community was obtained.
The feedback in the consultation sessions has led to substantial inputs for the project preparation –
including, influencing designs. Consultations involve soliciting people’s views on proposed actions
and engaging them in a dialogue. It is a two-way information flow, from project authorities to people
and, from people to project authorities. While decision making authority would be retained by the
project authority, interaction with people and eliciting feedback allows affected populations to
influence the decision making process by raising issues that should be considered in designing,
mitigation, monitoring and management plans and the analysis of alternatives.
As the project road is primarily for military purpose and the road does not affect any habitation area
public consultation is not required. Moreover as per MoEF Notification, the border roads do not
require any public consultation. However, the few households found nearby the project road are
made aware of the impact of the construction. The objectives of consultation sessions, the procedure
adopted and the outputs of the consultation conducted have been briefly described in the following
sections.
6.1.1 Stakeholders in the Project
Consultations with various stakeholders were carried out during various phases of project
preparation. The stakeholders in the project are both primary and secondary. The primary
stakeholders are project displaced persons (DPs), project beneficiaries, Executing Agency,
Implementing Agency especially the officials in CPWD The secondary stakeholder includes district
magistrates and the revenue officials village heads, head of Gram Panchayat, village administrative
officers, village council, district council, NGO and business communities in the area.
6.1.2 Public Consultation in the Project
Public consultations were arranged at the stage of subproject preparation to ensure peoples’
participation in the planning phase of this subproject and to treat public consultation and
participation as a continuous two way process beneficial in project planning and implementation.
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6.1.3 Objectives
The primary objective of the public consultation meetings are to minimize the negative impacts and
enhance the positive impacts of the development of project. The objectives are as follows:
Promote public awareness and improve understanding of the potential impacts of proposed
projects;
Identify alternative sites or designs, and mitigation measures;
Solicit the views of affected communities / individuals on environmental and social problems;
Improve environmental and social soundness;
Clarify values and trade-offs associated with the different alternatives;
Identify contentious local issues which might jeopardise the implementation of the project;
Establish transparent procedures for carrying out proposed works;
Inform the affected populace about the entitlement framework and to settle problems with
mutual consent; and
Create accountability and sense of local ownership during project implementation.
6.1.4 Consultation sessions
Consultations were done using various tools including, interviews with government officials,
questionnaire-based information with stakeholders etc. The public consultation carried out during
the Environment impact Assessment stages of the project has been summarised.
The extent or the likely level of adverse impacts was one of the major criteria in deciding locations
for public consultation sessions. A listing of the various consultation sessions conducted at different
locations along the entire project corridor is presented in below.
Table 22: PUBLIC CONSULTATION GROUPS
Level Type Key participants
Individual Local level consultation Local people
Village Focus group Discussion Women, truckers, weaker sections,
agriculturist, School teachers
Institutional Stake holder Discussion Line Departments
The institutional level consultations were held with representatives of institutions having stakes in
implementation of the project. The institutions contacted included State Forest Department, State
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Pollution Control Board etc. In addition to this, officials from other departments were also contacted
on several occasions. The inputs noted during the discussions have been incorporated in this report.
6.1.5 Consultation during Design:
Consultations were carried out at the design stages to identify:
Location specific social and environmental issues to be addressed through designs;
Socio-economic profile of community along the project route;
Extent of likely social and environmental impact due to the project;
Expectations and reservations of people towards project; and
Resettlement and rehabilitation options
6.1.6 Identification of issues:
Issues raised during consultations have been elaborated below. Both specific issues of villages and
common issues raised by the villagers have been described. Based on the community consultation
the key environmental, health, safety and social issues identified were:
Air Quality & Noise levels
Water pollution, water scarcity in non-monsoon months, construction water requirements
Roadside trees, tree plantation
Health issues, such as water borne diseases / HIV / STD
Possession of skills and the training needs
Employment opportunity during civil works
Location of labour camp and hot mix plant sites
Safety issues
Involvement of PAPs in Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plans & Resettlement Options
Impact on property and land acquisition
Enhancement of common property resources
Extension of Government Welfare schemes
6.1.7 Addressals of general issues and concerns:
The addressals of issues under the project are:
Table 23: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ADDRESSAL
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Issues/ Concern Addressal under the project
Dust and Air
Pollution
Plantation of trees and shrubs along the highway and on median Turfing on earthen slopes and earthen shoulders Water spraying to be adopted near the crushers during
construction stage. Increased noise
levels
Provision of Noise attenuating wall near sensitive receptors No-horns signage near schools, colleges and hospitals Tree plantation and development of green belts along the project
corridor abutting settlements to attenuate traffic noise Water Logging
and Slugging
The road sections are prone to small stream and water falls in the
most of the stretch. So, proper cross drainage with continuous
side drains have been proposed to avoid water logging
Road safety Road markings as required
Proper highway signals provided
Widening of culverts and bridges to avoid accidents
Grade level pedestrian crossing
Proper lighting at accident prone locations
Fauna and Flora Tree clearing within ROW has been avoided beyond what is
directly required for construction activities and or to reduce accidents
Compensatory afforestation would be done as per the directives of the forest department.
Roadside
drainage
Raising of the road in the submerged sections Locations of structures based on drainage analysis Provision of proper drainage scheme for the settlements
Employment
option
Locals will be preferred for employment during the project implementation
Vulnerable
groups
Special provisions have been made in the entitlement framework
for assisting vulnerable groups to improve their quality of life.
Loss of
livelihood The PAPs will be compensated as per National R&R policy
RAP to detail out the assistance programme to the needy
6.1.8 Key findings of the consultation
Major findings related to key issues such as general perception about the project; suggestions to
mitigate hardships resulting from dislocation and loss of livelihood are presented below:
They were not clear about the mode of compensation
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People requested about creation of employment opportunities during road construction and
later phases of the project
Some of them asked about the tender process for the construction, as they were willing to be
part of it
People suggested that adequate safety measures to be taken
The EMP – both generic and specific has been designed to address environmental related
issues
6.2 RISK ASSESSMENT
6.2.1 METHODOLOGY
The various risks were identified and classified and based on that a questionnaire was prepared on
“5-point Likert scale”, where point 1 to point 5 varies from very low risk to very high risk respectively.
The data collection was done for the sample size of 20, through questionnaire survey. Further, this
data was compiled and analyzed using Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The analyzed risks
were ranked according to their importance of adverse impacts on highway construction project.
Figure 15: Flow Diagram of Risk Assessment
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6.2.2 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF RISK
(1) Construction Risk: Most risks associated with the construction are more likely to root in contractors and subcontractors.
To keep the construction work on track, experienced contractors need to be involved in the project
as early as possible to make sound preparations for developing valid construction programs.
Machineries, delay due to rain and other causes, uncertain market conditions, contractor
productivity issues, time etc. are the risks which construction phase constitutes.
(2) Design Risk: This may result from issues such as variations in design and defective designs. The design risks arise
due to uncertainty in horizontal alignment, uncertain indirect costs and consideration of improper
basic parameters while designing. To avoid defective design, the design team needs not only to fully
understand what the clients want as defined in the project brief, but also to establish an efficient
communication scheme among the designers.
(3) Political Risk: “Excessive approval procedures in administrative government departments” and “bureaucracy of
government” are not seldom complained by clients and contractors. These risks are normally out of
the control of the project stakeholders. To attract investment within their administrative territory,
the government agencies should always make great efforts to create a friendly environment in
which the approval procedures are reduced or at least the approval time is shortened, and the
bureaucracy is minimized.
(4) Organizational Risks: Lack of skilled labour, lack in knowledge level of lead group, etc. are the example of organizational
risks. Lack of skilled labour can lead to project delays, poor workmanship, safety and liability issues.
(5) Accidental Risks: Unanticipated damage during construction is an accidental risk. Any type of accidents on
construction sites like machineries accidents, overexertion, accidental falls etc. can be disastrous for
the project.
(6) Uncertain market conditions: Uncertain market conditions usually called as “price inflation of construction materials” is identified
to be related to external environment. The price of construction materials is always changing in
response to the inflation and the relation between supply and demand in the construction material
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market. As this risk is usually unavoidable, clients should choose an appropriate type of contract;
while contractor should always avoid using fixed price contracts to bear the risk.
(7) Time/Funds: As time and cost are always closely correlated, a lengthy schedule will undoubtedly wreck the project
cost benefit. Correlation between time and cost is a quantitative risk. In extreme cases the risk of time
and cost overruns can compromise the economic viability of the project, making a potentially
profitable investment untenable.
(8) Utilities: Utilities include: electricity, gas, water, fuel, etc. which plays a huge role in construction projects
completion; shortage of these utilities would create problems on site. For example, use of ground
water is prohibited by government agencies for highway construction projects in India.
(9) Disasters In roads & highways project, during construction and operation phases, disaster may occur due to
the following:
Floods
Earthquake
Biological Disaster or Epidemic of Human/ livestock/ crops
6.2.3 Analysis of Risks
Risk may be defined as the potential realization of unwanted consequences of an event (i.e. the
product of the probability of an event and the consequences of the event). Both the probability of
occurrence of an event and the magnitude of its consequences are thus involved. Acceptance criteria
can be established either in the form of a predefined set of “Risk Acceptance Criteria” or in the form
of “Optimum cost criteria”.
The Risk acceptance criteria are normally imposed by the authorities to reflect the willingness of
people and society to accept risks. Optimum cost criteria are Acceptance Criteria based on cost
effectiveness analysis comparing the cost of the road strengthening and protection measures against
the benefits of risk reduction. The analysis should take into account consequence of collision, such as
Damage to road
Damage to the users of the road
Inconvenience cost of society and business
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Social losses
Damages to the environment
The risk acceptance criteria are intended to cover the aggregate probability of accident due to several
types of causes such as fire and explosion. For this project it is recommended that specific evaluation
should be carried out for:
Importance of the road connection to the public and society, to business and industry, to the
national defense etc.
Fatality risk in the case of high traffic volume
Cost effectiveness of improving the safety for the road.
The data collected through questionnaire survey was analyzed by using quantitative method of
relative importance index (RII). The RII is computed using equation:
𝑅𝐼𝐼 =∑𝑊
𝐴 𝑋 𝑁
(0 ≤ RII ≤ 1)
Where:
W-is the weight given to each risk by the respondents and ranges from 1 to 5, (where “1” is very
low risk and “5” is very high risk)
A- Is highest weight (i.e. 5 in this case) and
N- is the total number of respondents
The various risks categorized under different categories were calculated and ranked. The higher
value of RII represent significant risks affecting construction of highway project. The Table I below
shows the risks with RII value and their ranks
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Table 24: Evaluation of Risk Analysis using RII
Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Construction
Machineries 3 8 2 7 0 20 67 0.670 29 3.350
Delay due to
rain or other
causes
10 2 8 0 0 20 82 0.820 12 4.100
Natural
Hazards
(Landslides,
Earthquakes
etc.)
14 4 1 1 0 20 91 0.910 3 4.550
Uncertain
construction
market
conditions
2 6 6 4 2 20 62 0.620 32 3.100
Contractor
productivity
Issues
4 8 6 2 0 20 74 0.740 23 3.700
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Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Time 11 3 4 1 1 20 82 0.820 11 4.100
Design
Development
around road
analysis
9 5 4 2 0 20 81 0.810 14 4.050
Uncertainty in
horizontal
alignment
5 4 9 1 1 20 71 0.710 27 3.550
Uncertainty in
access
requirements
15 3 2 0 0 20 93 0.930 2 4.650
Uncertain
indirect costs:
design,
construction,
project
management
7 6 4 3 0 20 77 0.770 18 3.850
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Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Design errors
and omissions 9 8 3 0 0 20 86 0.860 8 4.300
Consideration
of improper
basic
parameters
6 7 2 4 1 20 73 0.730 25 3.650
Topography
Construction
in hilly region 8 9 2 1 0 20 84 0.840 9 4.200
Uncertainty in
landscaping
activities
3 5 6 6 0 20 65 0.650 30 3.250
Political
Issues related
to Govt.
permits
12 6 2 0 0 20 90 0.900 4 4.500
Other Political
or external
issues
13 4 1 2 0 20 88 0.880 7 4.400
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Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Change in
policies 7 6 4 1 2 20 75 0.750 21 3.750
EIA Required
Natural
Obstruction:
Hills, rivers,
trees
9 5 3 3 0 20 80 0.800 15 4.000
EIA Required 7 6 4 3 0 20 77 0.770 17 3.850
Organizationa
l
Skilled Labour 6 8 4 2 0 20 78 0.780 16 3.900
Knowledge
level of lead
group
8 4 4 3 1 20 75 0.750 20 3.750
Accidental
Unanticipated
damage during
construction
6 5 5 3 1 20 72 0.720 26 3.600
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Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Utilities
Utilities not
relocated on
time
7 4 7 1 1 20 75 0.750 19 3.750
Fuel:
availability,
price
13 3 3 1 0 20 88 0.880 6 4.400
Electricity 12 5 3 0 0 20 89 0.890 5 4.450
Minerals
Mineral
mining issues 8 6 6 0 0 20 82 0.820 10 4.100
Cost of
Minerals 7 2 9 2 0 20 74 0.740 22 3.700
Law and
order
Local
Disturbances 8 6 5 1 0 20 81 0.810 13 4.050
Climatic
condition
Unforeseen
climatic
changes
5 4 3 6 2 20 64 0.640 31 3.200
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Risk Category Item
For each item, enter the frequency with which each response
option was observed:
Computed values, given the 5 frequency
entries:
Frequency
of "5"
responses
Frequenc
y of "4"
responses
Frequency
of "3"
responses
Frequenc
y of "2"
responses
Frequency
of "1"
responses
Total
respond
ents (N)
Weight
ed
total
RII Rank Item
Mean
Others
Quantity:
construction,
product
4 4 7 5 0 20 67 0.670 28 3.350
Funds/ Money 14 5 1 0 0 20 93 0.930 1 4.650
Emotional
issues 3 2 4 8 3 20 54 0.540 33 2.700
Heritage
Issues 5 7 5 2 1 20 73 0.730 24 3.650
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The relative importance index (RII) for the risk priority is calculated based on all responses for
each risk. The priority of each risk is given by the relative importance index (RII) value which is
according to the adverse impact of each risk. The risks are prioritizing according their ranks. The
priority helps to identify the most significant risks.
From analysis and results, for overall risks mainly funding, disaster management plans, obtaining
government agencies approvals, construction in hilly terrain and land acquisition impose high
risk on any highway construction project. In construction risk category delay in project impose
the high risk. Similarly, in design category errors in designing due to consideration of improper
basic parameters and in environmental category natural obstructions have the greater impact on
highway construction project. These were the significant risks which mainly cause the delay of
the project. As time and cost of the project are related, hence as the time of the project overruns
the cost also overruns and impose high risk on highway construction project.
6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The likely socio-economic impacts after incorporation of design mitigation measures comprise the
following tangible impacts:
Strip land acquisition along the project corridor,
Partial / full removal of public and private road side structures and
Relocation of public utilities and amenities
Various intangible impacts include:
Likely Gender specific impacts,
Likely impacts related to Child labour,
Safety risk to pedestrians and slow moving traffic, and
Increase in instances of transmission of HIV/AIDS to various high-risk groups such as
truckers and sex workers.
6.3.1 Loss of Land
Since no road exists in the project area, there is requirement for acquiring new land. The process
of land acquisition is under process for this road stretch. The details are as below.
Table 25: Land Requirements
Requirement Quantity Land Total Land required: 157.145 ha
Total Govt Land: 0.180 ha Total Private Land: 15.841 ha Total Forest Land:141.124 ha
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The compensation for land acquisition shall be based on the provisions of Land Acquisition Act
2013. Compensation for diversion of forest lands shall be as per the provisions of Forest
Conservation Act 1980 (Amendments Made in 1988) if any.
6.3.2 Impact on Structures
No structures are affected.
6.3.3 Impact on Trees
The road alignment passes primarily through reserved forest area. A lot of trees require felling,
detail of it is provided in the appendix. Large number of trees/ plants nearly 5,88,35,768 nos. of
various species will be affected. The supporting are provided in annexures. The trees cut during
the process of construction shall be compensated with planting double the amount of trees cut or
pay the price as decided by the government and authorities.
6.3.4 Child Labour
Children below the age of 14 years will be restricted from getting involved in the constructional
activities and wage employment.
6.3.5 Road Safety
For road behaviour issues road safety awareness campaigns will be developed to improve the
knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of all road users through a combination of formal and non-
formal education, adult programs and mass communication activities. Community awareness
activities will be carried out by combining a series of programs such as raising general awareness
of the public. The target groups for the public education and awareness campaign are school
children, school teachers, senior citizens, roadside dwellers and shop-keepers, drivers of
motorized and non-motorized vehicles, paramedical, religious leaders.
6.3.8 Utility Relocation
No utilities are found along the project road.
6.4 MUCK DISPOSAL PLAN
Approximately 32000 cum of muck is to be disposed off per km. With this rate, for 80.425 km,
39,62,492 cum of muck is to be disposed off. Out of this 30% of muck will be utilized for crust,
side filling and raising the level of the road in fill sections. From 0+000Km to 14+000Km stretch
muck will be disposed at Point “A” to Point “E” within ROW, excess muck of this stretch will be
disposed at Point “F”. Hence the quantity of unusable muck which is to be disposed off = 70% of
39,62,492 = 27,73,744 cum. For the disposal, 5.2 Ha. of land is being requisitioned in addition to
the land required for construction of road. Location of Muck Disposal Sites totaling to 5.20 Ha. is
marked on map.
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Table 26: Muck Disposal Details
Toong-Partem-PT4865 (84.425Km) Area Statement Muck Disposal Points
Sl No Component Wise Breakup Length(In Meter) Width(In Meter) Area(In Ha.) Remark ID Name Longitude Latitude
Revenue Area Revenue Area
1 Road New Alignment 84425 18 151.965 Muck
wiil be on road side 5 Points
2 Muck Point 1 50 5
Area included in 18m ROW
A Muck Point 1 88° 38' 44.6" E 27° 32' 57.46" N
3 Muck Point 2 50 5 B Muck Point 2 88° 38' 23.9" E 27° 32' 42.02" N
4 Muck Point 3 50 5 C Muck Point 3 88° 38' 59.19" E 27° 32' 44.9" N
5 Muck Point 4 50 5 D Muck Point 4 88° 39' 23.6" E 27° 32' 42.8" N
6 Muck Point 5 50 5 E Muck Point 5 88° 38' 8.55" E 27° 32' 4.27" N
Forest Area Forest Area
7 Muck Point 6 160 15 0.24
F Muck Point 6 88° 38' 10.8" E 27° 32' 53.49" N
8 Muck Point 7 150 15 0.23 G Muck Point 7 88° 39' 30.7" E 27° 32' 32.8" N
9 Muck Point 8 140 15 0.21 H Muck Point 8 88° 40' 30.8" E 27° 31' 37.8" N
10 Muck Point 9 140 15 0.21 I Muck Point 9 88° 40' 40.20" E 27° 31' 24.09" N
11 Muck Point 10 140 15 0.21 J Muck Point 10 88° 39' 35.7" E 27° 32' 1.30" N
12 Muck Point 11 140 15 0.21 K Muck Point 11 88° 38' 51.07" E 27° 31' 20.9" N
13 Muck Point 12 150 15 0.23 L Muck Point 12 88° 38' 56.6" E 27° 30' 19.14" N
14 Muck Point 13 140 15 0.21 M Muck Point 13 88° 38' 51.47" E 27° 30' 11.14" N
15 Muck Point 14 140 15 0.21 N Muck Point 14 88° 39' 37.11" E 27° 31' 4.9" N
16 Muck Point 15 140 15 0.21 O Muck Point 15 88° 39' 19.51" E 27° 29' 52.21" N
17 Muck Point 16 140 15 0.21 P Muck Point 16 88° 39' 39.8" E 27° 29' 56.9" N
18 Muck Point 17 140 15 0.21 Q Muck Point 17 88° 40' 36.48" E 27° 30' 29.6" N
19 Muck Point 18 140 15 0.21 R Muck Point 18 88° 42' 5.9" E 27° 30' 41.57" N
20 Muck Point 19 155 15 0.23 S Muck Point 19 88° 43' 0.13" E 27° 30' 5.6" N
21 Muck Point 20 140 15 0.21 T Muck Point 20 88° 43' 19.7" E 27° 31' 3.8" N
22 Muck Point 21 140 15 0.21 U Muck Point 21 88° 44' 27.8" E 27° 29' 51.6" N
23 Muck Point 22 140 15 0.21 V Muck Point 22 88° 44' 16.34" E 27° 30' 46.7" N
24 Muck Point 23 140 15 0.21 W Muck Point 23 88° 44' 9.12" E 27° 31' 33.46" N
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Toong-Partem-PT4865 (84.425Km) Area Statement Muck Disposal Points
Sl No Component Wise Breakup Length(In Meter) Width(In Meter) Area(In Ha.) Remark ID Name Longitude Latitude
25 Muck Point 24 140 15 0.21 X Muck Point 24 88° 44' 49.02" E 27° 30' 32.8" N
26 Muck Point 25 150 15 0.23 Y Muck Point 25 88° 45' 40.8" E 27° 29' 38.29" N
27 Muck Point 26 140 15 0.21 Z Muck Point 26 88° 45' 11.24" E 27° 28' 56.43" N
28 Muck Point 27 140 15 0.21 A1 Muck Point 27 88° 44' 58.58" E 27° 28' 33.27" N
29 Muck Point 28 150 15 0.23 A2 Muck Point 28 88° 45' 52.51" E 27° 28' 0.24" N
30 Muck Point 29 150 15 0.23 A3 Muck Point 29 88° 46' 12.13" E 27° 27' 29.15" N
5.19 Ha
.
PROJECT BENEFITS
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Chapter 7 Project Benefits
7.1 Benefits for Army Purpose
The project highway starts from the 0/000 km at Toong and ends at PT 4865 84/425 km. The
project stretch is a green field alignment (i.e., new developing road). It mainly focuses for the
movement of military troops and vehicles. The purpose for development is national security.
7.2 Employment Opportunity
Highway development project serves as an important employment generator and provide
employment opportunity during construction period.
ENVIRONMENT
MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Chapter 8 Environment Management
Plan
8.1 Introduction
The project road is to be newly developed linking Toong to PT 4865. No doubt, this proposal roads
will bring positive economic and social impacts but during construction some negative impacts
are envisaged. The environmental impacts may be direct, indirect or cumulative, i.e., impacts on
nearby communities and the natural environment, impacts on peoples and properties falling in
the direct path of road development, impacts on people indirectly affected by way of disruption
of livelihood, impacts arising from land acquisition and resettlement, etc. EMP is the tool, which
suggests mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impact.
8.2 Project Background
The present project pertains to consultancy services for preparation of feasibility and detailed
project report (DPR) for the additional High Altitude Roads under Phase-II in the state of Sikkim
using satellite imagery.
8.3 Salient Features
The project road passes entirely through the dense jungle starting from Toong and ending
at PT 4865.
It passes through hilly and steep terrain.
No dense settlement is found. There is dense mixed jungle which will lead to felling of a
large number of trees within the ROW.
The land use pattern along the project road is characterized by highly jungle vegetation.
Table 27: Summary of Salient Features of Project Road
Feature Project Stretch
1. Existing Chainage 0.00 to 84.425
2. Length (Km) 84.425 km
3. Improvement Widening
4. Villages/Towns -
5. Borrow Areas On site (Excavated Material to be used)
6. Rivers Teesta River
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Feature Project Stretch
8. Air Monitoring Stations Toong
Partem
PT 4865
9. Noise Monitoring Stations Toong
Partem
PT 4865
10. Water Monitoring Station Stream (4 nos)
Teesta River
11. Dump Sites Identified Dumping site as identified and detailed in
Annexure.
12. Tree to be Cut 5,88,35,768
8.4 Scope of Works
The improvement works envisaged for Toong-PT 4865 project road are:
Construction of new route
Construction of new bridges and culverts.
Construction of retaining walls, breast walls and other slope protection works.
Provision of road signs and other road furniture required for making travel on these roads safe and comfortable.
In compliance with the requirements of TOR, the consultants have undertaken a detailed
environmental study as per the prescribed standards of Government of India and have made
suitable recommendations and prepared appropriate mitigation plans. The engineering designs
of the project suitably reflect the appropriate recommendations arising out of the environmental
studies.
8.5 Environmental Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional
measures to be taken up during design, construction and operation stages of the project to
prevent/reduce environmental impacts to permissible levels including actions needed to
implement these measures. The key components are:
Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts.
Monitoring during project implementation and operation stages.
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Institutional capacity building and training.
Implementation schedule and Environmental Cost Estimate.
Integration of EMP with projects planning, design, construction and operation.
8.5.1 Objectives of the EMP
The main objectives are to mitigate the various adverse impacts and enhance positive impacts.
The objectives at various stages of the project planning and design and implementation stages are
as follows.
Design Phase
To minimize impact on roadside trees, forests and vegetation cover.
To keep land acquisition and building demolition at a minimum.
To incorporate safety of road users and roadside communities in project design.
To provide mitigation measures to all expected environmental degradation.
To develop a design that incorporate environmental safeguards.
Construction Stage
To prevent and reduce the negative environmental impacts of the project by implemental
mitigation measures to be carried out by the contractor.
To ensure that the provision of the EMP are strictly followed and implemented by
strengthening implementation arrangement.
Operation Stage
To monitor deterioration of natural environmental components of air, water, soil, noise etc.
To improve the safety of road users and the roadside communities
8.5.2 Meeting the EMP Objectives
The following commitments are important to effectively implement the EMP and achieve the
above objectives.
Commitment to address environmental health, safety and social impacts:
To improve conditions in the areas of environmental health, safety and social impacts
measures, developed as a part of interactive process, have been suggested.
Commitment for constant dialogue with the public and interested stake holders:
Community consultations have been carried out right from inception stage of the project.
Continuous dialogue with local inhabitants and stakeholders including public agencies has
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been undertaken to obtain their feedback. Consultations would continue throughout the
project implementation.
Commitment related to capacity building:
For effective implementation of the proposed measures, sustainable institutional
arrangements have been implemented by the CPWD. To educate and train the PIU personnel,
supervision consultant’s staff and the contractors, a training schedule has been proposed as
given in the EIA report.
Commitment to meet legal requirements:
Mandatory legal requirements and procedures are followed including conditions stipulated
by statutory authorities such as State Forest Department and Pollution Control Board.
8.6 Critical Impacts to be Addressed
The critical environmental components that will be impacted are identified in the EIA report. The
most critical issues to be addressed in EMP are described in Table below.
Table 28: Critical Environmental Issues to be Addressed
Critical Environmental Issues Locations
High Noise Level Exposure At sensitive receptors in settlements along the road length.
Removal of vegetation cover/roadside tree plantation
Along the entire road length
Landslide and soil erosion At soil erosion and landslide prone areas identified along the project road
Air Quality at sensitive receptors Hospitals, educational institutions, community and religious places
Water resources depletion and water scarcity
At community water sources (springs, mountain streams) along the road
8.7 Environment Issues and Mitigation Measures
The EMP is meant for mitigation (avoidance/reduction/management) of the negative
environmental impacts and enhancement of the positive impacts of the various environmental
components of the project. Against each proposed measure in the EMP, its location, time frame,
implementation and overseeing/supervising responsibilities are listed. The measures
adopted/to be adopted during different stages of the project are detailed in Table below.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Sl. No.
Environmen
tal Issue Management Measures
Reference
Document
Responsibility
Planning and
Execution Supervision /
Monitoring
DESIGN/ PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Pre-construction activities by Project Implementation Unit
1 Alignment
D.1.
1
Critical
sections/
settlements
Provision of service roads to separate the settlements along the road from through traffic
Provision of footpaths on sides for preventing pedestrians to use the road
Provision of large concrete drains on both sides with cover
Improvement of intersections with VUPs Design the road with minimum effect on structures
and trees Raising of the road at the submersible locations Bus stops at suitable locations for all settlements
Not Required Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
D.1.
2
Open areas The speed of the alignment is 20 kmph Throughout the
stretch
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
2 Land
D.2
.1 Land
Acquisition The acquisition of land and properties (Govt. /private) will be carried out in accordance with the Rehabilitation Action Plan as prescribed by Govt. of Sikkim, as per the entitlement framework for the project and ROW of 18m
Corridor of Impact LA Act 1984 and its
Amendments, R&R
Policy
EMU of CPWD,
Revenue
Dept., NGOs,
EMU of CPWD
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CPWD has to ascertain that any additional environmental
impacts resulting from additional acquisition of land shall be
addressed and integrated into the EMP and other relevant
contract documents.
Collaborating
Agencies
P.2.
2
Quarries and
Borrow areas Material from hill cutting for road widening will be
used in place of borrow materials. Existing licensed quarry that are already in
operation and having environmental clearance shall be used for road construction
If any new quarry to be opened by the contractor guidelines of MoEF shall be followed.
At borrow area
location suggested
by Contract
Agreement
(Hill Cutting)
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
3 Water
P.3.
1
Water
sources Use of existing community water sources shall be
prevented Care to be taken to avoid river pollution during
bridge construction
Provision of clear waterway for the rivers while designing bridges to avoid submergence.
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
(Teesta river and
the streams found
in the project
stretch)
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
D.3.
2
Road
drainage Provision for adequate number of CD structures to
avoid ponding of water
Provision of covered concrete drains on both sides in built up areas
Provision of earthen drains on both sides in open areas
Raising of the road in submersible areas
As per project road
plan and section
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
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4 Flora and Fauna
D.4.
1
Preservation
of Trees As far as possible maximum efforts to minimize the
list of trees proposed to be felled by suitable on the spot adjustment of engineering designs at the time of execution.
No tree to be cut beyond the toe line
Trees along the
project road falling
within the proposed
ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
D.4
.2 Road side
plantation Trees will be removed from the Corridor of Impact
before the actual commencement of the construction work to prevent traffic problems and accidents. No construction activity and tree felling should be simultaneously taken up in any location of the package, which has not been cleared by the regional C.C.F. Sikkim or the MoEF Govt. of India for any reason what so ever.
Loss of road side trees to be made good by
compensatory afforestation. Identification of
incidental spaces for plantation of trees.
Trees along the
project road falling
within the proposed
ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
D.4
.3 Fauna to be
affected
Passage provided for crossing the road. Trees along the
project road falling
within the proposed
ROW
MoRTH 201.2
Guideline-1
Contractor Agency engaged by EMU of CPWD
Supervision
Consultants and
EMU of CPWD
5 Environmental quality
D.5.
1
Air Quality Pollution resistant tree plantation scheme/ barrier proposed
Avenue/ Road side
Plantation along the
project corridor
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
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Better road conditions will improve speeds resulting in efficient use of fuel and thus reduce air pollution
D.5.
2
Noise level Improved traffic speeds and riding qualities will reduce noise pollution
Provision of signages like “No Horn” for sensitive location
Throughout the
road corridor and
service road in
built-up sections
Technical
specifications
Design consultant CPWD
6 Utilities
D.6.
1 Relocation of
Community
Utilities and
Common
Property
Resources
All CPRs (common property resources) such as stand posts, bore wells, wells, ponds, water supply lines, sewage lines, drainage systems, optical fibre cables, telephone and television cables together with electric power supply lines shall have to be removed and relocated outside the corridor before commencement of the road improvement activity.
Throughout the
corridor
RAP document of
APSRP. EMU of CPWD, Concerned
Agencies, Contractor
EMU of CPWD
D.6
.2 Relocation of affected Cultural and Religious Properties
Religious structures, statues, mandaps and boundaries coming within the RoW has to be demolished after alternate sites are selected for relocation of the structures where total replacement is necessary in consultation with the management committee /trustee /Endowment authority and after disbursement of due compensation amount under the active support and cooperation of local administration as these are very sensitive issues warranting special attention. No such structures be destroyed or removed and relocated without the knowledge and consent of interested parties and location decided after the involvement of local civil and police administration. These activities must be completed
Throughout the
corridor
Annexure (List of
CPRs) EMU of CPWD,
NGOs, Contractor Supervision
Consultant EMU
of CPWD
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before commencement of the physical road improvement activity in that part of the package.
7 Environmental safety
D.7
.1
Accidents Design improvements to road geometry
Footpath provided for pedestrians to avoid
pedestrian being hit by road vehicles
Metal crash barriers provided at high embankments
and sharp curves
Provision of adequate sight distance at curves and
road junctions
Provision of signages at the reduced speed spots and
settlements, sensitive receptor locations such as
schools, hospitals and at known accident spots
Throughout the
corridor
D.8 Orientation
of
Implementing
of Agency and
Contractor
A comprehensive training/ orientation schedule has been
prepared at different stages 0.000 km
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P.9 Location of
crushers,
HMP, WMM
plant, BMP
etc.
Shall be sited sufficiently away from the settlements, agricultural operations, and commercial establishments i.e at least 500 away
Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and approval shall be obtained before setting up the plant
Arrangement to control dust pollution through provision of wind screens, sprinklers and dust encapsulation will have to be provided at all sites.
Specifications of crushers and hot mix plants will comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislations and NOC for all such plants shall be submitted
At all construction
site location
(0.000 km)
Contractor CPWD
P.1
0
Other
construction
vehicles
All vehicles, equipment and machinery to be procured and brought to site for construction will confirm to the relevant Bureau of India Standard (BIS) norms and the manufacturer’s specifications. The discharge standards promulgated under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 will be strictly adhered to.
Noise limits for construction equipments such as compactors, rollers, front loaders concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws will not exceed the value specification the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
The equipment proposed to be used for bridge and culvert construction and must be checked and certified fit, especially with respect to the potential leakage of oil and grease.
The inspection should verify that: � Equipment is clean (free of mud, dirt and oil) � Equipment is in good working order.
Throughout the
project road/ At all
construction site
location
(0.000 km)
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� A drip pan is available for equipment that will be stored on site. � Concessionaire has a spill kit � Operator is trained on the refueling, maintenance and emergency spill. � A logbook will be maintained documenting all fuelling and maintenance events (date, time, location, condition of site, weather conditions, amount of fuel on maintenance event, issues). � Adequate inspections will be conducted during the construction period
P.11 Arrangement
of
construction
water
The Contractor will use ground water / surface water as a source of water for the construction after taking prior permission from Competent Authority.
The Contractor will provide a list of locations and type of sources from where water for construction will be used.
To avoid disruption/disturbance to other water users, the Contractor will extract water from fixed locations and consult the Environment Expert before finalizing the locations. The contractor will not be allowed to pump water from any irrigation canal and surface water bodies used by the community. The contractor is required to comply with the requirements of the State Ground Water Department and seek its approval for doing so and submit copies of the permission to Environment Expert of AE & CLIENT
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
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P.1
2
Site selection
for disposal of
unsuitable
materials
Contractor shall identify sites away from the project area
where unsuitable materials (debris, solid waste) generated in
the course of the construction can be safely disposed off. Such
locations shall be inspected by the Environment Expert of
Authority Engineer and approved in consultation with the
CLIENT before construction work starts.
At proposed muck
disposal sites
Contractor CPWD
P.1
3
Construction
camp
location,
design and
layout
Sitting of the construction camps will be as per the guidelines below:
Locations of construction camp to be identified by the Contractor.
Construction camps will not be proposed within 500 m from the nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the local community. Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1000m from water sources.
The waste disposal and sewage system for the camp will be designed, built and operated such that no odour is generated.
Unless otherwise arranged by the local sanitary authority, arrangements for night soils (human excreta) disposal approved by the local medical health or municipal authorities or as directed by Environmental Expert will have to be provided by the Contractor.
At all construction
site location
(0.000 km)
Contractor CPWD
P.14 Labor
Requirements The contractor preferably shall use unskilled labor drawn
from local areas to provide maximum benefit to the local
community especially to the SC and ST population along the
corridor.
At all construction
site location
(0.000 km)
General conditions
of Contract
Document
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P.15 Orientation of
Implementing
Agency and
Contractors
The CPWD shall organize orientation sessions and regular
training sessions during all stages of the project. This shall
include on-site training (general as well as in the specific
context of a sub-project). These sessions shall involve all staff
of Environmental Cells, field level implementation staff of
CPWD, Environmental Experts of Supervision Consultant
and Contractors.
Major towns and
villages
(Toong, 0.000 km)
Contract Document EMU/ EMU of
CPWD Environmental
Expert of CPWD
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
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CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Activities to be Carried Out by the Contractor
C.1 Soil
c.1.1. Soil erosion Turfing and pitching shall be done on the embenakments, slopes and shoulders for preventing soil erosion
Stepping to done in the rivers with high bed slopes.
Along the project
corridor (open
section)
Technical
specifications and
drawings
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.2 Borrow soil Material excavated from hills to be used for road construction wherever required. Operation of separate borrow areas will be avoided as far as possible
At all borrow area
locations
suggested for the
Contractor
Agreement
Technical
specifications and
drawings
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(Hill Cutting)
C.1.3 Loss of top soil Top soil will be stripped to specified depth and stored in a stockpile to specified height. It will be spread back at the places of rehabilitation or where required for turfing
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.4 Transportation of
excavated earth Where vehicles carrying excavated earth pass
through the villages, transportation will be done in such a way that it causes least inconvenience and nuisance to nearby people
The unpaved village roads used for the haulage of excavated earth will be maintained properly.
Precautionary measures like covering of vehicles will be taken to avoid spillage and to reduce dust nuisance during transport of materials.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
c. 1.5 Compaction of
soil Compaction shall be done for the embenkmanet in
layers Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.6 Quarries The Quarry material will be procured only from licensed
quarries operating under environmental clearances,
including transportation of quarry material clearances
under the Air Act.
Safety precautions will be ensured during transportation of
quarry material from quarries to the construction sites
Stockpiling of material will be properly planned so as to
ensure smooth traffic flow on the highway.
All quarries as
approved in the
Contract
agreement
MORTH
specifications
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C.1.7 Sand River sand will not be used. Instead stone dust will be used.
Stone dust will be procured from licensed quarries
operating under environmental clearance. During
transportation trucks will be covered to prevent dust
nuisance
From quarries as
approved in the
Contract
agreement
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.8 Contamination of
soil from fuel and
lubricants
Soakage pits along with oil and grease traps will be provided around fuel storage areas.
Construction vehicles and equipments will be maintained and refueled in such a fashion that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.
Fuel storage and refueling sites will be kept away from drainage channels and important water bodies.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.1.9 Contamination of
soil from
construction
wastes and quarry
materials
Cutting and filling will be carried out as per design
Surplus earth, will be dumped at identified locations as approved by the SC / CLIENT. All spoils will be disposed off as directed.
The construction wastes (debris) will be dumped at selected locations identified for the purpose and as approved by the SC/CLIENT
Site will be fully cleaned before handing over and no surplus material will be left within ROW
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2 Water
C.2.1 Water bodies Impact on surface watercourses (rivers and streams) would
be minimized throughout by control over construction
works.
Water Bodies
mentioned in
Table 1
MORTH
specifications
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C.2.2 Other water
sources
Community water sources shall not be used during
construction period for which independent water source
will be constructed by the contractor.
Any community water source lost incidentally will be
replaced /compensated
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.3 Drainage and
runoff
At cross drainage structures, the earth, stone or any other
obstructing construction material will be removed and
properly disposed of so as not to block the flow of water any
time.
To concrete drains
and CD structures
as proposed
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.4 Contamination of
water from
construction waste
Construction and locations of plant & machinery
close to the streams and water bodies will be
avoided, especially during monsoon period.
Soak pits will be provided at construction site to
prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and
streams.
All waste arising from the project will be disposed
off as per SPCB norms, so as not to block the flow
of and contaminate water.
Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to
approved disposal sites.
Throughout the
project corridor
MORTH
specifications
Contractor Environmental
Expert of CPWD
C.2.5 Contamination of
water from fuel
and lubricants
To avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants,
the vehicle and equipments will be properly
maintained and refueled.
Vehicle maintenance and refueling in construction
camps will be confined to areas with traps
oil/grease to prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and streams.
Throughout the
project corridor
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C.2.6 Sanitation and
waste
disposal in
construction
camps
Construction camps will be constructed as per the
lay out plan approved by SC/CLIENT
The construction camps will be located away from
habitations (500 m), at identified sites.
The sewage system for such camps will be properly
designed and built so that no water pollution of any
stream or watercourses takes place.
The workplace will have proper medical approval by local medical, health or municipal authorities.
At camping sites
C.2.7
Use of water for
construction
The contractor will make independent arrangements for
water required for construction in such a way that the water
availability and supply to nearby communities remain
unaffected.
Suitable locations for water harvesting structures to be
provided by the contractor are identified.
Wastage of water during construction will be minimized
and use properly controlled.
All rivers/ surface
water bodies that
can be used in the
project
(Teesta River and
streams along the
project corridor)
C3 Air
C.3.1 Emission from
construction
vehicles and
machinery
All vehicles, equipments and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the SPCB norms.
The asphalt plants, crushers and the batching plants will be sited at least 500 m in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.
Regular monitoring of Air will be conducted as described in Environmental Monitoring Plan.
Throughout the
project corridor
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C.3.2 Dust and nuisance The hot-mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be sited at least 500 m downwind from the nearest habitation and covered with dust trapping hoods.
Water will be sprayed at cement mixing sites, earth mixing sites and asphalt mixing sites and on temporary access roads and diversions.
Vehicle delivering material will be covered.
End boards in loaders will be provided to prevent spillage.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.4 Noise levels
C.4.1 Noise from
vehicle,
asphalt plants and
equipments
The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to CPCB noise standard.
Properly sizing and maintaining mufflers, engine intake silencers, engine enclosures, turning off idle equipment.
To protect construction workers from severe noise impacts, workers exposed to excessive noise will be given earplugs, helmets, etc. Keeping men working at noisy sites on shift to avoid constant exposure to noise for long hours.
In construction sites within 500 m of human settlements, noisy construction will be avoided between 10.00 p.m. and 6.00 a.m.
Regular monitoring of Noise level as described in Environmental Plan
Throughout the
project corridor
C.4.2 Noise from
blasting
operations
No blasting is required Throughout the
project corridor
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C.5 Flora and Fauna
C.5.1 Loss of damage to
vegetation
Trees lost will be replaced just before the beginning of the construction according to Compensatory Afforestation Policy of State Forestry Department.
Apart from trees ear marked for felling no additional tree felling will be carried out Compensatory planting to be done as per DFO
In open areas
where avenue
plantation space
provision is made
C.5.2 Damage to
vegetation
All construction vehicle movement and parking locations
will be such as to prevent damage to roadside vegetation
Throughout the
project corridor
C.5.3 Damage to
trees/vegetation
by
workers
Contractor to ensure prevention of damage to vegetation and trees and their use by workers. Contractor should supply fuel for all needs during construction, to prevent use of vegetation and trees for fuel.
Contractor shall water the plants planted within ROW
Throughout the
project corridor
C.5.4 Loss, injury or
disruption to
fauna
Construction workers will be directed not to poach upon fauna.
Hunting will be strictly prohibited.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.6 Safety and accidents
C.6.1 Accident risks
from construction
activities
To ensure safe construction of the temporary accesses during construction, safety devices will be installed.
Traffic rules and regulation will be strictly adhered to.
At blasting sites, the blasting time, signal and guarding will be regulated. Prior to blasting, the
Throughout the
project corridor
especially at
intersections and
settlements
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site will be thoroughly inspected and information given to public.
Safety of workers undertaking various operations during construction will be protected by providing helmets, masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots etc.
First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for workers meeting minor accidents during construction
C.6.2 Health issue At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply will be maintained to avoid waterborne/water-related/ water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene of workers.
Adequate drainage, septic tanks and soak pits and wastewater disposal will be provided at workplace.
Preventive Medical care will be provided to workers.
Throughout the
project corridor
C.6.3 Movement of
existing traffic
Traffic management will be affected
through
a. Gate system
b. Diversion along existing alternative routes
c. Proper signage
Not required
C.7 Environmental Enhancement
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C.7.1 Roadside
landscape
development
Roadside plantation and grassing, bioengineering
measures to improve aesthetics
In open sections as
proposed
C.7.2 Roadside
amenities
Provision of bus shelters, bus bays and rest places as per standard design will be carried out.
Road furniture including marker posts, crash barriers, traffic signs, speed zone signs, rumbling strips etc. will be constructed and erected as per design.
As per contract
agreement
C.7.3 Community
properties
Community properties, located away from the project road should not be disturbed by construction activity, workers camps and contractors work areas Community properties coming in the COI will be relocated in consultation with the local community.
Construction camps /Blasting sites and all allied construction activities shall be located away from the cultural properties such that it is not affected.
Not required
C.7.4 Environmental
Awareness
Environmental Awareness Campaigns to be conducted in
the project area during construction period
Major towns and
villages
(Toong, 0.000 km)
C.8 Site Clearance
C.8.1 Clearing and
Grubbing Vegetation will be removed from the construction
zone before commencement of construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other that those identified for cutting is minimum.
Throughout the
project road
MoRTH
201.2Guideline-1
(Guidelines for
arrangement with
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
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Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.
The Concessionaire, under any circumstances will not cut or damage trees. Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving permission from the Forest Department.
Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the ground will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.
Forest
Department)
C.8.2 Generation of Debris from dismantling structures and
road surface
Debris generated due to the dismantling of the side of
existing road for pavement rehabilitation will be suitably
reused in the
proposed construction, subject to the suitability of the
materials and approval of the Engineer and Environment
Expert as
follows:
The existing base and sub-base material shall be recycled as sub-base for the haul road or access roads
The Concessionaire will suitably dispose off unutilized debris materials at predesignated disposal locations, subject to the approval of the Environmental Expert. .
The Concessionaire will ensure that the surface area of such disposal pits is covered with a layer of soil.
All arrangements for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance,
Proposed Muck
Sites
Guide lines of Pollution Control
Board.
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EMU of CPWD
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/Monitoring
dismantling and clearing debris, will be planned and implemented by the Concessionaire as approved and directed by the Environmental Expert.
The pre-designed disposal locations will be a part of Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Concessionaire in consultation with the Environment Expert and Engineer of the AE
C.8.3 Other
Construction
Wastes Disposal
including Fly Ash
The Environmental Expert will approve these disposal sites after conducting a joint inspection on the site with the Contractor.
Non- bituminous wastes may be dumped in borrow pits (preferably located in barren lands) covered with a layer of the soil
No new disposal site shall be created as part of the project, except with prior approval of the Environment Expert. All waste materials will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environmental Expert before handing over.
All waste material will be completely disposed of and the site will be fully cleaned and certified by Environment Expert before handing over.
Proposed Muck
Sites
Guide lines of Sikkim Pollution
Control Board.
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.8.4 Stripping,
stocking and
preservation of top
soil
Stockpiles will not be surcharged or otherwise loaded and multiple handing will be kept to a minimum to ensure that no compaction will occur. The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or vegetation.
It will be ensured by the Contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be utilized for
At all construction
material storage
areas
MoRTH: 301.3.2,
MoRTH: 301.7,
MoRTH: 301.3.3,
MoRTH: 305.3
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Covering all disturbed areas including borrow areas
Top dressing of the road embankment and fill slopes
In the agricultural fields of farmers, acquired temporarily. Residual topsoil, if there is any will be utilized for the plantation.
Guidelines – 3
(Guidelines for borrow area management)
C.8.5 Accessibility The contractor will provide safe and convenient passage for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from roadsides and property accesses connecting the project road, providing temporary connecting road. The contractor will also ensure that the existing accesses will not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions and to the prior satisfaction of Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant.
The contractor will take care that the cross roads are constructed in such a sequence that construction work over the adjacent cross roads are taken up one after the other, so that traffic movement in any given area does not get affected much.
Throughout the
project road Contractor Environmental
Expert of S C,
EMU of CPWD
C.8.6 Planning for
Traffic Diversions
and Detours
• The Contractor will provide specific measures for safety of pedestrians and workers at night as a part of traffic control plans. The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/ detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • The Contractor will also inform local community of changes to traffic routes, conditions and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from AE and CLIENT.
Throughout the project road
MoRTH: 112 and its amendments Guidelines 7 (Guideline for traffic management during construction)
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C.9 Procurement of Construction Material
C.9.1 Earth from
Borrow Areas for
Construction
No borrow area will be opened without permission of the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant. The location, shape and size of the designated borrow areas will be as approved by the Environmental Expert of Supervision Consultant and in accordance to the IRC recommended practice for borrow pits for road embankments (IRC 10: 1961). The borrowing operations will be carried out as specified in the guidelines for setting and operation of borrow areas.
- MoRTH: 305.2
Guidelines – 3
(Guidelines for borrow area management)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9.2 Quarry
Operations The contractor will develop a Comprehensive Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy to Client and AE prior to opening of the quarry site. The quarry operations will be undertaken within the rules and regulations in force
At quarries and
crushing units as
per the state
approved quarry
provided in the
estimates
MoRTH:111.3 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9.3 Transporting
Construction
Materials and Haul
Road Management
Contractor will maintain all roads (existing or built for the project), which are used for transporting construction materials, equipment and machineries as précised. All vehicles delivering goods subject to susceptible to be blown by wind during the vehicular movement to avoid spilling and air pollution.
It shall be the responsibility of the contractor or his agent, sub-agents, sub-contractors, petty contractor, material suppliers whose vehicles use the highways and other roads for transportation of construction materials, to keep the roads clear from any dust, sand, soil, aggregates fallen from the transport vehicle.
All roads used for
haulage of
construction
materials
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Contractor will arrange for regular water sprinkling as necessary for dust suppression on all such roads and surfaces where dust generation is a major problem.
The unloading of all materials at construction sites should
be limited to day time only for safety and avoiding
accidents. Screens of hessian cloth, agro net and such other
barricading material are to be erected along all
construction, dumping and stockpiling sites under use, so
that the generation of the dust in the vicinity of such
locations can be minimized to great extent.
C.9.4 Construction Water Contractor will arrange adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period at his own cost. The Contractor will submit a list of such source/s from where water will be used for the project to AE and Client.
The Concessionaire will source the requirement of water
preferentially from ground water but with prior permission
from the competent authority/ authorities, if required. A
copy of the permission will be submitted to AE and Client
prior to initiation of construction.
The contractor will take all precaution to minimize the
wastage of water in the construction process/ operation
Throughout the
project road
Guideline 11 (Guidelines for
quarry material)
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.9.5 Drainage &
Flood Control
• The Concessionaire will ensure that construction materials like earth, stone are disposed off so that it does not block the flow of water of any watercourse and cross drainage channels. • The Concessionaire will take all necessary measures to prevent the blockage of water flow. In addition to the design requirements, the Concessionaire will take all required measures as
Construction
sites of cross
drainage work
MoRTH:305.3.7
MoRTH:306
Annexure 3.3
Annexure 3.4
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directed by the Environmental Expert of AE to prevent temporary or permanent flooding of the site or any adjacent area, if any.
C.10 Construction Work
C.10.1 Disruption to
Other Users of
Water
While working across or close to any perennial water bodies, contractor will not obstruct/ prevent the flow of water.
Construction over and close to the non-perennial streams shall be undertaken in dry season and if such activity is likely to constraint or impact the community water body connected to such streams adequate prior information will be provided to such community for making a suitable arrangement that may lead to peaceful and uninterrupted use of the resource during the time of construction activity.
Throughout the
project road
MoRTH:304.3.2 Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.3.3 Siltation of Water Bodies and Degradation of Water Quality
Contractor will construct silt fencing at the base of the embankment construction for the entire perimeter of any water body (including wells) adjacent to the RoW and around the stockpiles at the construction sites close to water bodies. The fencing will be provided prior to commencement of earthwork and continue till the stabilization of the embankment slopes, on the particular sub-section of the road.
The contractor will also put up sedimentation cum grease traps at the outer mouth of the drains located in truck lay
Construction sites
of cross drainage
work
MoRTH: 306
Annexure 3.5 (Silt Fencing)
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byes, which are ultimately entering into any surface water bodies / water channels with a fall exceeding 1.5 m.
Contractor will ensure that construction materials
containing fine particles are stored in an enclosure such
that sediment-laden water does not drain into nearby
water bodies.
C.10.4 Slope Protection
and Control of Soil
Erosion
The contractor will construct slope protection works as per design, or as directed by the Environmental Expert of SC to control soil erosion and sedimentation through use of dykes, sedimentation chambers, basins, fiber mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices as will be necessitated according to the local conditions.
All temporary sedimentation, pollution control works and
maintenance thereof will be deemed as incidental to the
earth work or other items of work and as such no separate
payment will be made for them. Contractor will ensure the
following aspects:
After construction activities of road embankment, the side slopes of all cut and fill areas will be graded and covered with stone pitching, grass and shrub as per design specifications.
Turfing works will be taken up as soon as possible, provided the season is favourable for the establishment of grass sods. Other measures of slope stabilization will include mulching, netting and seeding of batters and drains immediately on shrub and bushes at 30cm interval from line to line across the slope and sprinkling of water on such slopes after completion of the earth work.
At bridge
approaches;
High embankment
sections (Low
Lying areas)
MoRTH: 305.2.2.2
MoRTH: 306.2
Guideline 8
(Guideline for soil erosion and sedimentation control)
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In borrow pits, the depth shall be regulated so that the sides of the excavation should not be stepper than 1 vertical to 2 horizontal, from the edge of the final section of the bank.
Along sections abutting water bodies, stone pitching as per design specification will protect slopes. All such stone pitching should have a filter layer to prevent scouring and unsettlement of the pitched surface when the water label recedes.
Refer Guidelines-8 for soil erosion and
sedimentation. C.11 Labour Camp Management
C.11.1 Accommodation Contractor will follow all relevant provisions of the Factories Act, 1948 and the Building and the other
Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 for construction and maintenance of labour camp.
The location, layout and basic provision of facilities at each labour camp site will be submitted to SC and EMU of CPWD prior to their setting up in the field for approval.
The construction of camps will only commence after the written approval from the EMU. In consultation and concurrence of the Environmental Expert and SC.
The contractor will maintain necessary living
accommodation and ancillary facilities in functional and
hygienic manner as per the suggestions and guidance
provided by the environment expert and SC.
At all camp site
location
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C.11.2 Potable Water Provision for supply of potable water to all camp sites in the package will have to be in place in such a manner that the sources are free from pollution and contamination. With proper drainage, platforms, storage facility and sanitation measures in position to see that the surplus and waste water flow does not stagnate or create un healthy atmosphere around camp as well as the surrounding agricultural fields, water sources and habitation.
Ground water recharging provision through setting up of
soak pits away from such water supply system to discharge
the waste water shall have to be made by the contractor at
each camp site whether the same is over Govt. or private
land.
The Contractor will also provide availability of potable water within the precincts of every workplace in a cool and shaded area which is easily accessible as per standards set by the Building and other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996.
The contractor will ensure the fulfilment of the following conditions at all work places for the benefit of worker:
e) Adequate supply of potable water (as per IS) in every workplace/labour camp site suitably located on high ground and dry place which is easily accessible and regularly maintained for health and hygiene to prevent contamination and communicable diseases.
f) All such storage facilities of drinking water will be on raised platform for drainage and safe storage above at least 1m ground above ground to facilitate its use..
g) As far as possible shallow well should not be used as potable source of water unless there is any constraint
At all camp site
location
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for boring of tube wells. In all such cases of potable water from open wells, irrespective of its location from polluting environment, regular dis-infection of the water source by application of lime, bleaching powder, potassium permanganate solution have to be ensured at weekly /fort nightly interval. However it should be safe to provide water purifier units in such locations to prevent water borne diseases, where power supply and storage water facility is available.
h) All open wells should be covered with a trap door, to facilitate disinfections of water sources while mini hand pumps may be set up to draw water from such wells and prevent accidental contamination /accidental fall into such wells besides avoiding dust and filth from the adjacent road entering the well for which a safe drainage channel encircling the open well should be mandatory to prevent inflow of polluted water from outside.
g) The trap door will be kept locked and opened only for cleaning or inspection, which will be done at least once in a month to be monitored and recorded by the camp in charge at each place.
h) Water quality testing of all potable water sources will be done every month as per parameters prescribed in IS 10500:1991, by sample testing of the water periodically.
Environmental Expert of SC will be required to inspect the
labour camp once in a week to ensure health and hygienic
of the work force.
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C.11.3 Sanitation and
Sewage System The contractor will ensure that -
The sewage system for the camp are designed, built and operated in such a fashion that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground water or adjacent water courses takes place.
Separate toilets /bathrooms /latrines, wherever required, are to be provided for women workers separately with specific signage indicating its exclusive use by them.
All such facilities must have adequate water supply with proper drainage and disposal facility.
All toilets in workplaces are to be located with covered screen walls and of dry earth system which are to be maintained, cleaned and disinfected daily using strong disinfectants. The location of such provisions should not be affecting the air surface water and ground water of the locality or the agricultural fields near by either during summer or rains.
For lavatory purposes the use of portable latrines
system are to be brought under use and the night soil
so collected has to be disposed of at designated septic
latrines, so as to prevent pollution of the workplace
and surrounding areas.
At all camp site
location
Contractor Environmental Expert of SC,
EMU of CPWD
C.11.4 Waste Disposal The contractor will provide garbage bins in the camps and ensure that these are regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner as per the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan approved by the Environmental Expert of SC.
No night soil should be disposed of at any place other than
the septic tank constructed for the workers at the camp site
At all camp site
location
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by ensuring the use of portable latrines system mounted on
wheels and fitted with temporary water sealed containers
to store the night soil, which shall be emptied at the nearest
septic tank facility of any camp site.
C.12 Contractor’s Demobilization and Decommissioning of Established Setup
C.12.1 Clean-up
Operations,
Restoration and
Rehabilitation
Contractor will prepare site restoration plans, which will be approved by the Environmental Expert of SC. The clean-up and restoration operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. The contractor will clear all temporary structures; dispose all garbage, night soils and POL, as per Comprehensive Waste Management Plan and as approved by SC and accepted by the EMU.
All disposal pits or trenches will be filled in disinfected and effectively sealed off. Residual topsoil, if any will be distributed or spread evenly on adjoining/ proximate barren land or affected agricultural land adjacent to the RoW that has been impacted on account of accidental spillage, drainage or erosion of the construction materials as will be identified and suggested by Environmental Expert of SC not below the thickness of 75 mm.
All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-
side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching
plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project
will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to
the entire satisfaction of the land owner in case of private
land and to the best satisfaction of the Environmental
Expert of SC as well as the site engineer.
At all
construction site
location
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OPERATION STAGE
O.1 Monitoring
Operation
Performance
• The PIU will monitor the operational performance of the various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project. • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision for relocated utilities, hand pumps and other relocated structures if any; status of rehabilitation of borrow areas; and noise barriers, which are proposed at different locations.
At the specific
locations
(Mainly at plant
sites, construction
locations)
EMU of CPWD
The Forest and
Biodiversity wing of EMU of
CPWD
EMU of CPWD
O.2 Maintenance of
Drainage CPWD will ensure that all drains (side drains, median drain and all cross drainages) are periodically cleared especially before monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding without damaging the spurs and check dams erected to stabilize the course and flow of all such drainage channels.
CPWD will ensure that all the sediment /oil and grease
traps set up at the truck and bus lay bye are cleared once
in every 3 months.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.3 Pollution Monitoring The periodic monitoring of the ambient air quality,
noise level, water (both ground and surface water)
quality, soil pollution/contamination are to be
continued at pre-designated locations and if necessary
at additional locations for comparative study of pre and
post-operative data in order to ensure further
improvement /modification in the design
/methodology CPWD may appoint specific pollution
monitoring agency for such study or carry it out as per
At regular intervals
of 5 km/ built-up
sections
EMU Environment expert
Pollution Monitoring
Agency
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the suggestion /recommendation of the statutory
authority, (SPCB).
O.4. Soil Erosion and
Monitoring of
Borrow Areas
Visual monitoring and inspection of soil erosion at
borrow areas, quarries (if closed and rehabilitated),
embankments and other places expected to be affected,
will be carried out before monsoon, during monsoon
and after winter rains to regularly record and monitor
the effectiveness of such structures at monthly intervals
for the 1st three years during and after completion of
project, so as to evaluate the beneficial effects of each
type of activity together with the cost involved for
adoption of most effective structures in other areas of
road improvement to check soil erosion.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
o.5 Monitoring of
survival rate of
plantation in PRoW
Every year there will be monitoring for the survival rate
of plantation in the PROW for the first five years before
on set of monsoon. A minimum survival of 85% will be
maintained. Any loss will be made up by fresh
plantation.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.6 Changes in Land Use
Pattern EMU of CPWD shall take initiative to move and motivate the Govt. as a facilitator in preparing an action plan to encourage balanced congestion free hygienic environment friendly activity on either side of the developed highway during and after completion of the project. This is to avoid irregular, ugly, unhygienic
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD,
Local Planning Authorities,
EMU of CPWD
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and destructive ribbon development, close to the road corridor which adversely affects agricultural and water harvesting capabilities and drainage system of the area. The department may strive for effective promulgation of some legislation and guidelines, controlling such unbridled activity, which are self-destructive and distress full for the poor farmers and drainage on the State’s Economic Resources.
A land use-zoning map may be developed, under which up to a particular distance from the RoW of the alignment especially in new bypass stretches, no development will be allowed.
Necessary hoardings along the corridor need be
provided in shape of permanent structures to warn and
advise encroachers against such activity under punitive
action such as forfeiture of the structures and belonging
without prior notice besides punitive legal action in the
court of law barring any stay over such action by the
state from any court of law. Budgetary provisions are
to be made to control the ribbon development along
project road.
Revenue Department and Local Civic Bodies
EMU of the CPWD & Revenue Department,
Town planning Authority
EMU of CPWD
O.7 Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR)
As part of CSR, the following provisions are suggested :
• Undertaking regular road safety, HIV/AIDs, health awareness campaigns • Assistance to improve skills for income generation to community people • Development of schools, health cares, dispensaries or public facilities
Not required EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
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• Workshops/Training to farmers in order to impart the knowledge to use modern methods and tools for farming • To ensure that the contractors provides all necessary amenities and facilities for the workers at construction camps/work sites and no employment of child labour is practiced at site
O.8 Contamination from
accidental spills • The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately • The left over spills will be scraped and reclaimed to small lined confined pits at the identified sites.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.9 Dust generation • Roadside tree plantations will be protected from dust and well maintained. • Afforestation, turfing, water sprinkling shall be carried out by O&M agency at sites of dust generation
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.10 Air Generation • Vehicle emission of critical pollutants parameters (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2 and NO2,) will be monitored on critical locations • Roadside tree plantation will be protected and maintained. • Regular maintenance of road will be done to ensure good surface condition
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.11 Noise Pollution • It shall be monitored At regular intervals
of 5 km/ built-up
sections
EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.12 Water • The roadside drainage system will be periodically cleared of blockage.
All water bodies
along the project
road (as mentioned
in Table 1)
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O.13 Flora and Fauna • The success of the replantation scheme will be monitored
Throughout the
project road/
Avenue plantation
section
EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
O.14 Safety measures • Traffic management plan will be developed, especially for congested locations • Traffic control measures including speed limits, signages at sensitive receptors will be enforced strictly. • Further growth of encroachment within the ROW will be controlled.
Throughout the
project road EMU of CPWD EMU of CPWD
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Table 29: Environment Monitoring Plan
Environmental Component
Project Stage
Monitoring Institutional Responsibility Parametres Location (ch.) Frequency Standards Approximate
Cost Rs. Implementation Supervision
Air Construction Stage
PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO
1. Hot mix plant concrete mixing plant construction site (1 location) 2. Other Four locations at major settlements
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Air quality standards by CPCB
5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, PIU, NHAI
Operation Stage PM2.5, PM10SO2, NOx, CO
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Air quality standards by CPCB
5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
NHAI
Water Quality Construction Stage
PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,
At Construction Camp, labour camp and other surface and groundwater
One sample at one place
Water Quality Standards by CPCB
5x5000x3x3=225,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC,PIU, NHAI
Operation Stage PH, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, Oil& Grease,
At streams and rivers
One sample at one place
Water Quality Standards by CPCB
5x5000x2x3=150000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
NHAI
Noise Levels Construction Stage
Equivalent noise levels
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continous, once every season for
Noise standards by CPCB
5x3000x3x3= 135000 Contractor through approved monitoring
SC, PIU, NHAI
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Environmental Component
Project Stage
Monitoring Institutional Responsibility Parametres Location (ch.) Frequency Standards Approximate
Cost Rs. Implementation Supervision
3 years
agency
Operation Stage Equivalent noise levels
At major settlement and other project specific area
24 hours continuous, once every season for 3 years
Noise standards by CPCB
5x3000x2x3= 90,000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
NHAI
Soil Construction Stage
pH, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases
At agricultures lands and other project specific locations
One sample at one place
Soil Standard ICAR
5x3000x2x3 =90000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, PIU, NHAI
Operation Stage pH, TDS, SAR, N, P, K oil and greases
At agricultures lands and other project specific locations
One sample at one place
Soil Standard ICAR
5x3000x2x2 =60000 Contractor through approved monitoring agency
SC, PIU, NHAI
Environment Awareness
Construction Stage
At major villages to be carried out by a reputed NGO.
For three year
As per course content and calendar approved by NHAI
2,00,000 NGO (YMA) NHAI
Flora Operation Stage At least 75% survival rate of trees
Entire stretch For three years after plantation
- 19629x500=9814500 NHAI, Forestry Department
NHAI, Environment and Forest Department (GOM)
Mobilisation during construction and operation Stages 10,000 x 2 = 20,000 Total Monitoring cost 1125000
* 1 % of Afforestation cost
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1. Air Quality Test – Rs. 5,000 per station per day 2. Water Quality Test – Rs. 5000 per sample
3. Noise Test – Rs. 3000 per station per day
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8.8 Environmental Management Budget
The estimate shows that the approximate cost of the Environmental protection measures to
reduce the adverse impacts and to enhance the existing environment budget is 1156 crores as per
given in Table 16:
Table 30: Environmental Budget
S. No
Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Cr)
MITIGATION COST
1 Compensatory Afforestation @ 1:2 in lieu of 5,88,35,768 trees cut
117671536 100.00 1100.00
2 Oil interceptors at camp site along the road 10 10000.00 0.01
3 Management and Closure of dumping sites LS 0.4
Mitigation Cost (A) 1100.41
MONITORING COST
1 Air Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 5000.00 0.037
2
Water Quality Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years(3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 5000.00 0.037
S. No
Description Unit Rate (Rs) Amount (Rs)
3
Noise Monitoring, Thrice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
75 3000.00 0.022
4
Soil Analysis, Twice a year at 5 locations for 5 years (3 years construction period and 2 year operation period)
50 3000.00 0.015
Monitoring Cost (B) 0.11
ENHANCEMENT COST
1 Environmental Training LS 0.015
2 Environmental awareness LS 0.01
Enhancement Cost ( C ) .025
ENVIRONMENTAL COST
Mitigation Cost (A) 1100.41
Monitoring Cost (B) 0.11
Enhancement Cost (C) .025
Sub Total 1100.77
Contingency @5% 55.03
TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL COST 1155.8
1156 crores
Rupees One thousand one hundred fifty six Crores Only
DISCLOSURE OF
CONSULTANT
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Chapter 9 Disclosure of Consultant
Global Management and Engineering Consultants International (GMEC INTERNATIONAL) is an
ISO 9001:2008 certified , multi-disciplinary engineering, design and Consultancy Company
founded in 2013 is a respected specialty company, actively partnering with our customers to
provide innovative and sustainable technical and management solutions that help creating
sustainable and long term solutions for our customers and society.
GMEC experts all focused first and foremost on providing tangible customers value and service
that offers non-compromised, quality engineering work following the latest developments in
technology and applying the most appropriate and beneficial solutions to Clients, Society and
Environment.
GMEC was formed with a vision to become a market leader in the industry. The focus of the
company is to become a total service provider to Civil, Environmental, Mechanical, Industrial
Engineering , Construction & Project Management.
The companies scope of work for Environmental Department includes:
Environmental Impact Assessments / Environmental Management Plans /
Environmental Audits
Environmental Baseline Monitoring for Air, Meteorology, Water, Soil, Noise, Ecology
Socio-Economic and Demography
Industrial Emission Source Monitoring
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Water resources & Irrigation
Water Supply & Sanitation Engineering
Risk Assestment & Disaster Management Plans
Occupational Health & Safety, Industrial Hygiene
Offshore Sampling & Analysis of Marine Water & Sediments
Marine Ecological Studies
Marine Impact Assesstment
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Studies
Land Use/ Land Cover Studies based on remote Sensing
Due Diligence Studies
Environmental Engineering
Design & Operation of Sewerage Treatment Plant, Effluent Treatment Plant & Waste
Water Treatment Plant
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12.2 Laboratory
The sampling and analysis of various air, noise, water and soil samples has been carried out by
GMEC International, s per procedure and guidelines of Central Pollution Board and requirements
of MoEF. The study periods were the months of February-March 2018.
12.3 Project Team
The project team members involved in this project are:
Table 31: TEAM MEMBERS FOR EIA EVALUATION
Sl. No. Name Expertise Organization
1 Dr. Meena Bhaduri EIA Coordinator,
Air Quality Modelling &
Prediction, Socio-Economic,
Hydrology, Ground Water &
Water Conservation Expert
GMEC
2 Mr. Yogesh Poonia Air & Water Pollution
Preservation & Control
GMEC
3 Mr. Om Prakash Kumar Solid Waste and Hazardous
Waste Management
GMEC
4 Dr. Alok Pandey Ecology and Biodiversity,
Solid Waste and Hazardous
Waste Management Expert
GMEC
5 Mr. R. N Gupta Noise/Vibration, Risk
Assessment & Hazardous
Management Expert
GMEC
6 Dr. S. R Bhakar Soil Conservation Expert GMEC
7 Mr. Gauri Shanakar Narayan Land Use, Geology Expert GMEC
8 Ms Kamod Rathore Ecology and Biodiversity
Expert
GMEC
GMEC has been approved by QCI NABET for EIA Consultant Organization vide letter
NABET/EIA/1619/IA-007. The EIA Report prepared has complied with the ToR and the data
submitted is factually correct.