1Science. Solutions. Service.

ABENGOA BIOENERGY

www.abengoabioenergy.com

Congressional Briefing Cellulosic EthanolAbengoa’s Perspective and Plans

Gerson Santos LeonDirector

Abengoa Bioenergy R&D Inc.

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY Table of Contents

2. Abengoa Overview

4. Technology overview

6. Biorefinery Concept

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Abengoa is a technological company that applies innovative solutions for sustainable development in infrastructures, environment and energy sectors. It is present in over 70 countries where it operates through its five Business Units: Solar, Bioenergy, Environmental Services, Information Technology, and Industrial Engineering and Construction.

BioenergyEnvironmental

Services Informat ion Technology

ABENGOA

Engineering & Indust rialCost ruct ion

Sustainable Development

Informat ion and know ledge management

Creat ion of inf raest ructures

Solar BioenergyBioenergyEnvironmental

ServicesEnvironmental

Services Informat ion Technology

ABENGOAABENGOA

Engineering & Indust rialCost ruct ion

Engineering & Indust rialCost ruct ion

Sustainable Development

Informat ion and know ledge management

Creat ion of inf raest ructures

Solar

Abengoa overview

2005 2004 05 / 04 (%)

Sales (€M) 2,023.5 1,746.1 + 15.9

EBITDA (€M) 216.9 180.1 + 20.1

EBITDA / Sales (%) 10.7 10.3

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Abengoa is a technology driven company committed to sustainable development

• In the early nineties Abengoa identify Bioenergy particularly bioethanol as a significant business opportunity due to the advent of biotechnology and the energy trends in the transport sector

• In 1995 we entered the business with our first biorefinery in Cartagena Spain and a commitment to develop technology to enable the future biomass opportunity.

• Presently we are operating six biorefineries, with two more under construction, and a very aggressive growth plan that includes new biomass technologies.

Biofuels

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Ethanol production from vegetal raw materials (cereal and biomass)

Abengoa

Bioenergy

Bioproducts

Abengoa Bioenergy Business

Renewable BiofuelNull CO2 emissions

DGS – Animal feed

CO2 – Industrial applications

Ethanol

ETBE

Direct blending

Hydrogen

Cereal

Biomass

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Ethanol is the most significant alternative

to reduce greenhouse gases

and reduce

our petroleum

dependence

in the

transportation sector

Bioethanol

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

There are two different families of technologies for the transformation of conventional and modified raw materials into energy and chemicals

• Termochemical processes convert raw materials into pyrolysis oils or syngas

• Biochemical processes convert raw material into intermediate sugars

• The intermediate products are converted to fuels, chemicals, and co-products

Biomass

Biochemical route

Fuels, chemical & co-

products

Combined heat and power

Thermochemical route

Biorefinery

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY Production Process

Technology based in fermentation of sugars

Sugar (glucose)+ Air CO2 + Ethanol

C6H12O6 + O2 3 CO2 + 3 C2OH6

Yeast

Used feedstock is transformed into sugars, the process would change depending on the chemical composition:

�Sugar beet or sugar cane: direct fermentation

�Cereal: starch, previous saccharification (enzymes)

�Lignocellulosic biomass: cellulose and hemicellulose. Hydrolysis to break long chains and produce C6 and C5 sugars

Level of

ComplicationFeedstock

price

Each feedstock yields different co-products

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Objective

Taylor made energy crops for the different conversion pathways and for particular regions ensuring sustainability and environmental quality. Main crops characteristics:

� Domestic crops, high starch and biomass yields per acre, stress tolerances, etc..

� Minimum inputs

� Composition to maximize ethanol production

� Ensure sustainability and environmental quality (from…analysis of microbial communities underlying soils… to formulation of management guidelines for biomass removal)

Feedstocks

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Enzymatic hydrolysis technology – current situation

� Abengoa Bioenergy has develop a proprietary fractionation technology for biomass processing.

� Pilot scale plant in York, (Nebraska, US) to validate our biomass fractionation process and integrate downstream systems

� Demonstration plant in Babilafuente (Salamanca, Spain) to validate

� biomass to ethanol enzymatic technology at a commercial scale.

Enzymatic technology – Future situation

ObjectiveCompetitive production of ethanol from biomass.

StepsComplete the process engineering development

demonstrations phases.� Build first of a kind commercial facility after the demonstration of the technology in Salamanca and Nebraska� Valorization of all biomass fractions

Technology

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Steps (continue)

Research in the biological deconstruction of the biomass to produce tailor made enzyme mixes for each specific case:

� Determine fundamental physical and chemical factors in the recalcitrante of lignocellulosic biomass to processing

� Understand cellulase and cellulosome� Develop new enzymatic systems to soften termochemical

pretreatment conditions

Advance in the sugar fermentation to ethanol through the engineering of microbial systems to achieve:

� high yield with complete sugar utilisation, minimal by- product formation, and minimal loss of carbon into cell mass.

� high final ethanol concentration � tolerance to inhibitors present in hydrolysates � higher overall volumetric productivity, especially under high solids

conditions

Technology

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Biomass gasification and synthesis (BtL) technology –current situation

�Available catalysts are not productive enough to make the

process economically feasible.

�Low conversion per pass

�Mixed alcohols product with low ethanol selectivity

�Several existing technologists licensing gasification processes

for syngas production for further chemical synthesis.

�Catalysts development programs in European research centers,

combined with process design and analysis.

�Recently granted by the US-DOE a program (3 MM$) for

synthesis catalysts development

Technology

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Hybrid-plants technology – current situation

� Abengoa Bioenergy is developing a biorefinery concept based on knowledge accumulated from our technology development program.

� ABRD is developing the first commercial hybrid facility integrating cereal technology, enzymatic hydrolysis technology and gasification technology to produce fuels, energy, electricity and

coproducts.

Hybrid plant technology – Future situation

Objective� Achieve maximum thermal integration between technologies� Achieve maximum integration between different process streams and process operations� Valorize all process streams

Steps� Integrate EH technology and cereal technology. Gasification technology only to provide heat and

power� Improve and demonstrate concept to produce ethanol and other valuable products from syngas.

Abengoa Biorefinery Concept

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ABENGOA BIOENERGY

Grain

Stover/Straw

Sugar

Bagasse

Starch

Cellulosics

Feed

Fiber

sugar

Cellulosics

Cellulosics

Fiber

Cellulosics

Biomass Food

Fiber

CerealCereal

CropCrop

Sugar Sugar

CropCrop

Energy Energy

cropscropsThermochemical

Conversion

Biochemical

Conversion

Pretreatment

Fractionation

Cellulosics

Fuel

Co-products

Heat and

Power

Heat and

PowerCellulosic

Carbohydrate

s

Non-fermentables

Assembly/PreprocessiAssembly/Preprocessi

ngng

““Depot Concept”Depot Concept”

Starch•Industrial•Food

Food Feed Fiber

Other Crop UsesOther Crop Uses

Slide courtesy of US DOE

Future Integrated Biorefinery