Conflicts in the Middle EastConflicts in the Middle East (Ch. 18 sec. 4)(Ch. 18 sec. 4)

Palestine/IsraelPalestine/Israel• Considered the “Holy Land” by

the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian faiths

• Hebrews (Jews) lose control of the area during the first century AD (CE)

• Ottomans (Muslim Turks) control from 15th-20th centuries AD (CE)

• After World War I, Ottoman Turks lose this territory to Great Britain: Britain allows 10 million Palestinians (mostly Muslim) to stay and practice religious freedom

Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))

• Arthur Balfour (British Gov’t official) declares Jews should have their own country: Israel

Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))• Cause 1: increased

immigration of Jews to Palestine

• Cause 2: Jews requested their own homeland and G.B. did not want to lose support of Jews during World War I

Balfour Declaration: Balfour Declaration: (1917(1917))• Effect #1:• Issue of Jewish

homeland not settled in 1917

• Effect #2:• British left the issue to

the UN to decide after World War II

Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created

• May 14, 1948 Israel declares itself a new nation

Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Cause #1• UN recommends taking a part of

Palestine (British colony before WWII) and giving it to Jews for

Israel

Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Cause #2:• sympathy for Jews from

Europeans after

Holocaust

Independent Israel CreatedIndependent Israel Created• Effect #1: full scale

Arab-Israeli war: 10 million Palestinians were left with out a country when their land was given to Jews for Israel by UN

1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Cause #1: millions of

Palestinians were left with out a country when UN gave their land to Jews for Israel

1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Cause #2: Egypt seizes

the Suez Canal from Israel

1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Effect #1: Israel defeats Egypt

• Effect #2: Israel invades

parts of Egypt

• Effect #3: Great Britain/France supported Israel in the conflict

1956 Arab-Israeli War1956 Arab-Israeli War• Under international

pressure Israel gives Suez Canal back to Egypt:

ends the crisis

1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Israel vs. Egypt,

Iran, Syria, and Jordan

1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria,

and Jordan

• vs.

• Cause #1: Uneasy truce after 1956 war

• Cause #2: Rising tensions between Arab states and Israel after the 1956 war

1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Cause #3: Egypt (armed

with Soviet weapons) and other Arab nations prepared for war

• Cause #4: June 5, 1967 Israel attacked Iran, Egypt, Jordan, and Syria first

1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Cause #5: Six days

Israel lost 800; • Egypt, Iran, Syria,

Jordan lost 15,000 combined

1967 Six-Day War1967 Six-Day War• Effect #1: Israel took

West Bank from Jordan

• Effect #2: Israel took Golan Heights from Syria

• Effect #3: Israel took Sinai Peninsula from Egypt

Yom Kippur War (October 1973)Yom Kippur War (October 1973)

• Cause #1: Arab nations jointly attacked Israel on holiest Jewish holiday

Yom Kippur War (October 1973)Yom Kippur War (October 1973)

• Effect #1: Caught Israelis off guard

• Effect #2: Arabs nations reclaimed some of lost territory

• Effect #3: Israel counter attacked and took back lost territory

• Effect #4: uneasy truce after weeks of fighting

Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Cause #1: Egypt offers

permanent peace to Israel

Cause #2: US President Jimmy Carter offered to facilitate peace agreement at Camp David, Maryland

Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Effect #1: Egypt first Arab

nation to recognize Israel as legitimate nation

• Effect #2: Israel gives Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt

Camp David Accords 1978Camp David Accords 1978• Effect #3: ends 30 years

of hostilities between Israel and Egypt

• Effect #4: Egypt president Anwar Sadat assassinated by Egyptian extremists

Declaration of PrinciplesDeclaration of Principles (September (September 1993)1993)

• Cause #1: ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflicts

• Cause #2: conflicts led to a series of peace talks facilitated by US President Bill Clinton

Declaration of PrinciplesDeclaration of Principles (September (September 1993)1993)

• Effect #1: Israel grants self-rule to Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip

• Effect #2: Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by Israeli extremist in 1995