concentrated solar thermal energy csiro research & applications

Concentrated Solar Thermal EnergyCSIRO Research & Applications

Tania RitchieHunter Environmental Institute seminarNewcastle, June 2011

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings

CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar

1. Background

• Solar thermal technologies

• Current costs

• Cost saving potentials

2. Solar thermal research at CSIRO • Solar fuels

• Solar air turbine

• Heliostat development

• Advanced steam generation

• Advanced energy storage

3. Conclusion

Overview

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Solar Energy

• Photovoltaics • Solar Thermal Energy

sunlight

electricity

sunlight

electricity

heat

other uses

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Solar Thermal Energy

Non-concentrated solar energy

400

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600

900

1000°C

0°C

Linearfocus

Pointfocus

Tower

Trough

Dish

Linear Fresnel

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Nevada Solar One

TowerDish

Liddell Power Station, NSW

PS20, Seville

Trough

ANU Big Dish

SES Test Facility, USA



Linearfocus

Pointfocus

400

800

300

700

100

500

200

600

900

1000°C

0°C

Linear Fresnel

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings




Linearfocus

Pointfocus

Nature,

Sept 1882

400

800

300

700

100

500

200

600

900

1000°C

0°C

Nature, Jan 1884

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Cumulative Operational MWe

Trough

Trough commercialisation

Trough demonstration

Global developments

plants GWe

Operational 39 1.27

Under construction

29 1.93

Under development

67 17.53

TowerTower commercialisation

Tower demonstration

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Will solar energy be cost-competitive?

• Plant at Longreach with 6 hrs storage

• Scope for another 10-15% reduction if alternative HTF found

Troughs (now)

Troughs (2017)

Towers(now)

Towers (2020)

Capital, /kWe 8119 4891 7836 5675

LCOE, c/kWh 22.3 13.5 22.6 16.4

US Roadmap

$4890/kWe

13 c/kWh

CSIRO/Aurecon models

Source: Concentrating solar power – drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity, CSIRO/Aurecon March 2011www.garnautreview.org.au

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Decreasing the cost

Cost Saving Opportunities CSIRO Research Challenge

Power block and heliostat economies of scale

Low cost and high performance heliostats, small modular MW (5-10MW) technologies matched to markets for early deployment

Technical maturity – component and ongoing costs

Low maintenance heliostats, improved reliability of components

Increased plant efficiency Higher temperature, higher solar concentration ratios, improved optical performance, higher receiver efficiency, higher temperature storage media

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


CSIRO Solar Field 1

CSIRO Solar Field 1

• 170 point focus mirrors

• 500 kWth

• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver

• Reforms natural gas to SolarGas with 26% embodied solar energy

H2O+CH4 CO+3H2

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


CSIRO Solar Field 1

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


CSIRO Solar Field 2

CSIRO Solar Field 2

• 451 point focus mirrors

• >1000 kWth

• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver

• Heats air to run a gas turbine, producing electricity

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


CSIRO Solar Field 2

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Heliostat development

• Advanced heliostat design

• Heliostat quality control• Closed-loop pointing

control• Precise targeting• Raytracing –

predicting performance• Flux mapping –

confirming performance• Glare & safety analysis

Raytrace predictions Photographs

M12

M13

M14

M15

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Advanced steam project

• Advanced Steam-Generating Receivers for High-Concentration Solar Collectors

• Duration: 3½ years from January 2010• Budget: $9.695M• Major Works:

• Steam receivers to match highest efficiency commercial turbine

• Superheating receivers

• Modelling of solar steam systems

• Hybrid steam/thermoelectric receivers

CSP at CSIRO

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Thermal storage

Heat exchange with process

Hot and cold storage tanks

e-

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Thermal storage

Image credit: Andasol 1

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Storage costs

Only accessible to solar thermal

Source: Sandia CST Roadmap study; Energy Storage Association. Slide: Cameron Briggs

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


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0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00

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Storage benefits

Max. solar

Max. price(summer)

Max. price (winter)

4 hr

6 hr

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Advanced storage project

Duration: 3 years commencing January 2010

Budget: $8.632M

• Enable very high temperature thermal storage for dispatchable power

• Storage temperatures above 700ºC• Industrial applications • Higher energy density / Lower inventory of storage materials

• Requires identification and development of new Heat Transfer and storage materials

• Integration of High Temp Storage and Steam systems

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Conclusion

• CSP has the potential to become a low cost technology

• cost of electricity can be reduced from around 23c/kWh currently to 13 c/kWh by 2020

• Improvements below 10 c/kWh are technically feasible

• CSIRO’s research is focused on achieving these cost reductions.

Contact UsPhone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176

Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au

Thank you Tania [email protected]

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Can solar energy meet demand?

The Solar Resource

Australia’s electricity requirements met by 50km x 50km

Averaged solar irradiation 1990-2004. Ecole des Mines de Paris / Armines 2006.

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


CSIRO Solar Field 2

Near term commercial opportunity for CSP in Australia.

• Sun in, electricity out

• Suitable for distributed generation at the 1-10MWe range

• Water free

• Good balance between risk and financing for the Australian market

• Existing markets exist in which it can compete

1. Background

2. CSIRO

3. Conclusion

• solar fuels

• sol. brayton

• heliostats

• steam

• storage

• basics

• cost

• savings


Global developments

Gemasolar, Spain

Image credit: Gemasolar

PS10 & PS20, Spain

Image credit: eSolar

eSolar, USA

Image credit: Abengoa

concentrated solar thermal energy csiro research & applications

Documents

conclusion solar fuels

seminarwill solar energy

solar power drivers

costcompetitive electricity

high performance heliostats

mw technologies

small modular mw

hrs storagescope