Concentrated Solar Thermal EnergyCSIRO Research & Applications
Tania RitchieHunter Environmental Institute seminarNewcastle, June 2011
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
1. Background
• Solar thermal technologies
• Current costs
• Cost saving potentials
2. Solar thermal research at CSIRO • Solar fuels
• Solar air turbine
• Heliostat development
• Advanced steam generation
• Advanced energy storage
3. Conclusion
Overview
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Solar Energy
• Photovoltaics • Solar Thermal Energy
sunlight
electricity
sunlight
electricity
heat
other uses
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Solar Thermal Energy
Non-concentrated solar energy
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1000°C
0°C
Linearfocus
Pointfocus
Tower
Trough
Dish
Linear Fresnel
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Nevada Solar One
TowerDish
Liddell Power Station, NSW
PS20, Seville
Trough
ANU Big Dish
SES Test Facility, USA
Solar Thermal Energy
Non-concentrated solar energy
Linearfocus
Pointfocus
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700
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1000°C
0°C
Linear Fresnel
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Solar Thermal Energy
Non-concentrated solar energy
Linearfocus
Pointfocus
Nature,
Sept 1882
400
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700
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200
600
900
1000°C
0°C
Nature, Jan 1884
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Cumulative Operational MWe
Trough
Trough commercialisation
Trough demonstration
Global developments
plants GWe
Operational 39 1.27
Under construction
29 1.93
Under development
67 17.53
TowerTower commercialisation
Tower demonstration
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Will solar energy be cost-competitive?
• Plant at Longreach with 6 hrs storage
• Scope for another 10-15% reduction if alternative HTF found
Troughs (now)
Troughs (2017)
Towers(now)
Towers (2020)
Capital, /kWe 8119 4891 7836 5675
LCOE, c/kWh 22.3 13.5 22.6 16.4
US Roadmap
$4890/kWe
13 c/kWh
CSIRO/Aurecon models
Source: Concentrating solar power – drivers and opportunities for cost-competitive electricity, CSIRO/Aurecon March 2011www.garnautreview.org.au
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Decreasing the cost
Cost Saving Opportunities CSIRO Research Challenge
Power block and heliostat economies of scale
Low cost and high performance heliostats, small modular MW (5-10MW) technologies matched to markets for early deployment
Technical maturity – component and ongoing costs
Low maintenance heliostats, improved reliability of components
Increased plant efficiency Higher temperature, higher solar concentration ratios, improved optical performance, higher receiver efficiency, higher temperature storage media
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 1
CSIRO Solar Field 1
• 170 point focus mirrors
• 500 kWth
• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver
• Reforms natural gas to SolarGas with 26% embodied solar energy
H2O+CH4 CO+3H2
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 1
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 1
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 2
CSIRO Solar Field 2
• 451 point focus mirrors
• >1000 kWth
• T ≈ 1000°C at receiver
• Heats air to run a gas turbine, producing electricity
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 2
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Heliostat development
• Advanced heliostat design
• Heliostat quality control• Closed-loop pointing
control• Precise targeting• Raytracing –
predicting performance• Flux mapping –
confirming performance• Glare & safety analysis
Raytrace predictions Photographs
M12
M13
M14
M15
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Advanced steam project
• Advanced Steam-Generating Receivers for High-Concentration Solar Collectors
• Duration: 3½ years from January 2010• Budget: $9.695M• Major Works:
• Steam receivers to match highest efficiency commercial turbine
• Superheating receivers
• Modelling of solar steam systems
• Hybrid steam/thermoelectric receivers
CSP at CSIRO
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Thermal storage
Heat exchange with process
Hot and cold storage tanks
e-
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Thermal storage
Image credit: Andasol 1
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Storage costs
Only accessible to solar thermal
Source: Sandia CST Roadmap study; Energy Storage Association. Slide: Cameron Briggs
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
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1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Advanced storage project
Duration: 3 years commencing January 2010
Budget: $8.632M
• Enable very high temperature thermal storage for dispatchable power
• Storage temperatures above 700ºC• Industrial applications • Higher energy density / Lower inventory of storage materials
• Requires identification and development of new Heat Transfer and storage materials
• Integration of High Temp Storage and Steam systems
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Conclusion
• CSP has the potential to become a low cost technology
• cost of electricity can be reduced from around 23c/kWh currently to 13 c/kWh by 2020
• Improvements below 10 c/kWh are technically feasible
• CSIRO’s research is focused on achieving these cost reductions.
Contact UsPhone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176
Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au
Thank you Tania [email protected]
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Can solar energy meet demand?
The Solar Resource
Australia’s electricity requirements met by 50km x 50km
Averaged solar irradiation 1990-2004. Ecole des Mines de Paris / Armines 2006.
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
CSIRO Solar Field 2
Near term commercial opportunity for CSP in Australia.
• Sun in, electricity out
• Suitable for distributed generation at the 1-10MWe range
• Water free
• Good balance between risk and financing for the Australian market
• Existing markets exist in which it can compete
1. Background
2. CSIRO
3. Conclusion
• solar fuels
• sol. brayton
• heliostats
• steam
• storage
• basics
• cost
• savings
CSIRO. Hunter Environmental Institute 2011 seminar
Global developments
Gemasolar, Spain
Image credit: Gemasolar
PS10 & PS20, Spain
Image credit: eSolar
eSolar, USA
Image credit: Abengoa