Computer Structure

Course Objectives

Grupo de Arquitectura de Computadores, Comunicaciones y SistemasDepartamento de Informática

UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID

Course Objectives

Course objectives

� The main goal of the course is to describe the main components of a computer, and the basic behavior of computers

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Understanding how a program is executed

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];

v[k+1] = temp;

High Level Language (C)

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Understanding how a program is executed

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];

v[k+1] = temp;

High Level Language(C)

0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 10001010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111

Machine instructions

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Understanding how a program is executed

lw $t0, 0($2)

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];

v[k+1] = temp;

High Level Language(C)

lw $t0, 0($2)lw $t1, 4($2)sw $t1, 0($2)sw $t0, 4($2)

0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 10001010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111

Assembly language

Machine instructions

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Understanding how a program is executed

lw $t0, 0($2)

temp = v[k];

v[k] = v[k+1];

v[k+1] = temp; Compiler

lw $t0, 0($2)lw $t1, 4($2)sw $t1, 0($2)sw $t0, 4($2)

0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 10001010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111

Assembler

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Example 1

int n;n = 40000;printf("%d \n", n *n );

n = 50000;n = 50000;printf("%d \n", n *n );

� Is this output correct?1600000000 -1794967296

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Example 2

float x, y , z;

x = 1.0e20;y = -1.0e20;z = 3.14;

printf("%f\n", (x + y) + z);printf("%f\n", x + (y + z));

� ¿Is (x+y) + z == x + (y+z)?

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Example 3

� Code 1int a[N][N]for (i=0; i < N; i++)

for (j=0; j < N; j++)sum = sum + a[i][j];

� Code 2int a[N][N]for (j=0; j < N; j++)

for (i=0; i < N; i++)sum = sum + a[i][j];

� Are similar these codes?� Are equal the execution times?

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Example 4

#include <stdio.h>

#define BLOCK_SIZE 512

void main(int argc, char **argv){

int fde, fds;char buffer[BLOCK_SIZE];int n;

fde = open(argv[1], 0);fde = open(argv[1], 0);fds = creat(argv[2], 0666);

while((n = read(fde, buffer, BLOCK_SIZE))> 0)write(fds, buffer, n);

close(fde);close(fds);

return;}

� What happens ifBLOCK_SIZE = 8192?

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Example 5

� Multicore processors

� Who is faster, a dual core or a processor with 4 cores?

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Content

Unit 1. Introduction to computersUnit 2. Data representationUnit 3. Assembly programmingUnit 4. ProcessorUnit 5. Memory systemsUnit 5. Memory systemsUnit 6. Input/Output systems

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Bibliography

� Problemas resueltos de Estructurade ComputadoresF. García, J. Carretero, J. D. GarcíaD. ExpósitoParaninfo, 2009

� Computer Organización and Design.The Hardware/Software InterfaceDavid. A. Patterson, John L. HennessyMorgan Kaufmann, 2009

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Bibliography

� Computer Organization and designW. Stallings, 8th edition 2010Prentice-Hall

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