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Summer 2017Policy Report
University of Iowa Public Policy Center •209 South Quadrangle, Iowa City, IA 52242-1192 O - 319.335.6800 • F - 319.335.6801 • www.ppc.uiowa.edu
Communication and Behavioral Economics Lunchroom Intervention in Iowa:Evaluation results and recommendations Report to Iowa Department of Education, Team NutritionPatrick Brady, MSDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health Public Policy Center The University of Iowa
Grace Ryan, MPHDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
Natoshia M. Askelson, PhD, MPH Department of Community & Behavioral Health Public Policy Center The University of Iowa
Wensday Worth, BSDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
Amanda Janson MAT, BSDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
Felicia Pieper, AADepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
Natalie VeldhouseSchool of Social Work The University of Iowa
Isabella De Soriano, MPHDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
Laurel Tuggle, MPHDepartment of Community & Behavioral Health The University of Iowa
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ContentsList of Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Communication and Behavioral Economics in the Lunchroom . . . . . . 4
Description of the Intervention in Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Description of Communication and Behavioral Economics Intervention . . . . . . .5
Description of Participating Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Description of changes made . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Data Collection Activities: Methods, Analysis, and Results . . . . . . . 7 School Wide Student Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Parent Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Food Service Staff Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
School Lunch IOWA Assessment Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Results by School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Production Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Food Service Director Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Methods & Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Sample Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Perceptions of The Communication and Behavioral Economics intervention . . .12 Training preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Student Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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Appendix 1: School Lunch Iowa Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Appendix 2: Student-Staff Who Am I Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Appendix 3: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Appendix 4: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Appendix 5: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Appendix 6: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Appendix 7: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Appendix 8: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Appendix 9: Student Pre/Post Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Appendix 10: Pre-Survey Results All Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Appendix 11: Post-Survey Results All Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Appendix 12: Pre-Survey Results School 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Appendix 13: Post-Survey Results School 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Appendix 14: Pre-Survey Results School 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Appendix 15: Post-Survey Results School 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Appendix 16: Pre-Survey Results School 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Appendix 17: Post-Survey Results School 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Appendix 18: Pre-Survey Results School 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Appendix 19: Post-Survey Results School 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Appendix 20: Pre-Survey Results School 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Appendix 21: Post-Survey Results School 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Appendix 22: Pre-Survey Results School 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Appendix 23: Post-Survey Results School 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Appendix 24: Parent Pre/Post Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Appendix 25: Parent Survey Pre-Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Appendix 26: Parent Survey Post-Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Appendix 27: Food Service Staff Pre-Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Appendix 28: Food Service Staff Pre-Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70Appendix 29: School 1 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . .73Appendix 30: School 2 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . .74Appendix 31: School 3 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Appendix 32: School 4 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . .76Appendix 33: School 5 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . .77Appendix 34: School 6 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report . . . . . . . . . . . .78Appendix 35: Iowa Lunchroom Food Production Record Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Appendix 36: Production Records Results School 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Appendix 37: Production Records Results School 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Appendix 38: Production Records Results School 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Appendix 39: Production Records Results School 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83Appendix 40: Production Records Results School 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Appendix 41: Food Service Director/Other Adult: Phone Interview Guide . . . . . . . . . .85
List of Appendices
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Introduction
Communication and Behavioral Economics in the Lunchroom
Behavioral economics interventions use free or low cost, evidence-based changes to lunchrooms to improve school lunch participation, profits, and students’ healthy food choices.1-3 Implementing these changes in school lunchrooms has increased purchases of white milk, vegetables, and fruit.4-6
One common component of behavioral economics based interventions is suggestive selling; the use of verbal nudges to prompt specific food choices.7 Food service staff have the potential to play an important role in suggestive selling, as they have many opportunities to communicate with students during the lunch period. Training food service staff, particularly in under-resourced, rural schools can be an effective strategy to help food service staff become better communicators and enable them to utilize suggestive selling techniques with their students.8
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Description of the Intervention in Iowa
Description of Communication and Behavioral Economics Intervention
Planning for the Communication and Behavioral Economics project began in spring of 2016. Schools across Iowa were encouraged to apply to participate in this pilot project. Six schools were selected by Team Nutrition staff in early summer 2016 to participate in the project. Selected schools were expected to have regular communication with the team from the University of Iowa, participate in on-site visits, organize a student group to assist in the planning and implementation of the project, implement behavioral economics focused changes based on lunchroom assessments and student group feedback, encourage communication between food service staff and students through staff training and meetings between students and staff, and participate in the evaluation of the project. Schools were expected to participate in the project for the entire 2016-2017 school year and were encouraged to apply for sub-grants that would help fund their changes.
In fall 2016, the team visited each school to train students on the principles of behavioral economics and how to complete the School Lunch IOWA Assessment Tool (Appendix 1). Students then completed the lunchroom assessment in order to assess their lunchroom for behavioral economics target areas for improvement. Students were encouraged to take photos of the lunchroom and target areas. The team provided each school with a report reviewing their assessment tool results with suggestions for areas to target for changes. Following the assessment, students met with staff to complete a getting to know you exercise (Appendix 2).
In winter and early spring 2017, student groups and food service directors from each school met to identify the changes they would like to focus on, and ensured that changes would be made by early April 2017. Schools were offered the option of a second visit by the team during this time to discuss the intended changes with the students.
Throughout the school year, three webinars provided information and techniques to food service staff to improve communicate and engage their students. These webinars included information about the intervention and its importance, as well as adolescent development, communication strategies, and the role of food service staff in promoting healthy eating and combating obesity. In addition, clings for the service line featuring communication cues were provided to be utilized with food service staff. These cues were developed based on focus groups from a previous project.
In late spring 2017, the team returned to the schools for one final visit in order to have students complete the assessment tool to evaluate lunchroom changes. Students were encouraged to photograph the changes they made to their lunchrooms.
Description of Participating Schools
Five of the six participating schools were located in rural areas. Table 1 reports school characteristics free and reduced lunch eligibility data reported by the Department of Education.9
Table 1: School Characteristics
School Number
Grades served by
schoolEnrollment % FRL
eligibleNational Center for Health Statistics Ur-
ban-Rural Classification
1 6-8 515 22 .46% Rural, Fringe
2 6-8 360 38 .75% Town, Remote
3 k-12 441 25 .53% Rural, Distant
4 7-8 341 18 .45% Town, Distant
5 6-8 1140 23 .40% City, Small
6 5-8 529 42 .34% Town, Remote
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Description of changes made
Each school identified behavioral economics changes to make to their lunchroom based on the results of the lunchroom assessment described below. Table 2 reports the changes made by each school.
Table 2. Changes made by each school
School Number Changes Appendix with
pictures
1 Fruit display cart, new menu boards, tabletop stands for promoting fruits and vegetables 23
2 Utilizing fruit display bowls, employing fun, attractive names for menu items 24
3 Utilizing fruit display bowls, displaying milk promoting signs, rear-ranged milk order 25
4 Added screen to display menu, rearranged line, rearranged milk order 26
5 Utilize bright, colorful signage promoting healthy eating, rearrange milk order, utilizing fruit display bowls 27
6 Rearranging milk order, purchasing a sectionizer in order to make fruit more desirable, purchasing colorful bins to display fruit 28
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Data Collection Activities: Methods, Analysis, and ResultsA multi-faceted approach was utilized to evaluate the Communication and Behavioral Economics pilot project. Each data collection activity is described in full including the methods, analysis, and results per section. The data collection activities that will be described in this section include school-wide surveys with the student body, surveys with parents, surveys with food service staff, lunchroom assessment with the School Lunch IOWA assessment tool, production records, and telephone interviews with food service directors.
School Wide Student Survey
Methods
To assess student perceptions and attitudes of the lunchroom, an online survey was administered pre- and post-intervention. In October 2016, an email with a link to the online survey was sent to students via email by a school administrator or students were asked to complete the survey as part of a class. Students were asked to complete a 3-5 minute survey about their perceptions of the school lunchrooms and staff, how often students consumed school lunch, what factors were important in determining what they chose for school lunch, and reasons why school lunch was eaten. The complete survey can be viewed in Appendix 3. The post-survey was administered in the spring of 2017.
Analysis
In order to examine school-wide survey data, descriptive statistics were generated for all students. Frequencies of responses were calculated for every question both for the overall sample and for individual schools. These results are reported in Appendices 4 to 17. To compare the overall pre- and post-surveys, logistic regression was used to compare pre- and post-survey means for individual questions adjusting for the effects of the individual school. To compare pre- and post-survey results for individual schools, independent sample T-tests and Chi square tests were used. Significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The results of the pre- and post-surveys completed by students at the six participating schools are described in this section including school response rates and pre- and post-survey responses.
Pre-and Post-Survey Response Rates
A total of 1,120 students initiated the pre-survey. It was necessary to exclude 63 responses from the sample due to failure to identify which school the respondent attended. An additional 68 responses were excluded due to respondents’ failure to complete a question beyond identifying the school they attended. These exclusions resulted in a final sample of N=989 students. The overall response rate for the pretest was 29.7% estimated from the overall enrollment for each participating middle school. The individual participation rates of each school were: School 1 (n =82) 15.9%, School 2 (n=56) 15.6%, School 3 (n=113) 25.6%, School 4 (n=130) 38.1%, School 5 (n=135) 11.8%, and School 6 (n=473) 89.4%.
A total of 1,029 students initiated the post-survey. It was necessary to exclude 25 responses due to failure to identify which school the respondent attended. An additional 78 responses were excluded due to the respondents’ failure to complete a single question. This exclusion resulted in a final sample of N = 926 students. The overall response rate for the post-test was 27.8%, estimated from the overall enrollment for each participating middle school. The individual participation rates of each school were: School 1 (n=20) 3.9%, School 2 (n=60) 16.7%, School 3 (n=88) 20.0%, School 4 (n=191) 56.0%, School 5 (n=112) 9.8%, and School 6 (n=455) 86.0%.
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Pre- and Post-Survey Results
For complete reporting of pre- and post-survey responses please see Appendices 4 to 17. Analysis of pre- and post-student surveys do not indicate any intervention effects on students’ perceptions and attitudes.
Parent Survey
Methods
To assess changes in parents’ perceptions and attitudes of the lunchroom surveys were administered pre- and post-intervention. An email with a link to the online survey was sent to parents in October 2016 by an onsite school administrator. Parents were asked to complete a 5-10-minute survey about their child’s participation in the school meals, why their child eats school lunch, communication of school lunch, the purpose of school lunch, perceptions of school lunchrooms and staff, and factors for keeping their child healthy. The complete survey can be viewed in Appendix 18. The post-survey was administered in the spring of 2017.
Analysis
In order to examine school-wide survey data, descriptive statistics were generated for all parents. In order to examine school-wide survey data, pre- and post-survey results were used to generate descriptive statistics for all students. Frequencies of response were calculated for every question for the overall sample. These results are reported in Appendices 19-20. To compare the overall pre- and post-surveys, logistic regression was used to compare pre- and post-survey responses for individual questions adjusting for the effects of the individual school. Significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The results of the pre- and post-surveys completed by parents at the six participating schools are described in this section including response rates, student characteristics, and pre- and post-survey responses.
Pre- and Post-Survey Response Rates
A total of 637 parents initiated the pre-survey. It was necessary to exclude 59 respondents from the final sample due to their failure to identify which school their child attended and further necessary to exclude 1 respondent for their failure to answer a question beyond identifying their child’s school. These exclusions resulted in a final sample of N = 577 parents.
A total of 394 parents initiated the post-survey. It was necessary to exclude 41 respondents from the final sample due to identify which school their child attended. These exclusions resulted in a final sample of N = 353 parents.
Pre- and Post -Survey Results
For complete reporting of pre- and post-survey responses please see Appendices 19 and 20. Analysis of pre- and post-parent surveys do not indicate any intervention effects on parents’ perceptions and attitudes.
Results of Free Response Questions
Parents were asked two free response questions. In response to the question If your middle school child said anything to you about changes to school meals that occurred during the current school year, what did they say?, the majority who replied reported that their child stated the food tasted bad or bland. Students also reportedly complained about being hungry even after consuming lunch and not having enough time to finish their lunches. There were also positive reports regarding school lunch, including enjoying the variety of options provided. In response to the question Do you have any further thoughts
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or ideas about improving school meals at your middle school child’s school?, parents reported a number of strategies. Recommendations include: allowing more time for lunch, providing larger portion sizes, increasing the quality of food used, offering food that students want, removing vending machines with unhealthy options, incorporating locally grown foods, and providing incentives for trying new and healthy foods. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-survey responses.
Food Service Staff Survey
Methods
To assess the perceptions and attitudes of the Food Service Staff (FSS) an online survey was administered. Because of a low post-test response rate, only pre-test results are available. The pre-survey was sent via email to all FSS at the six participating middle schools by an onsite school administrator in October 2016. FSS were asked to complete a 5-10 minute-survey about the importance and promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption, perceived job responsibilities, barriers to fruit and vegetable preparation or promotion, and perception of students. The complete survey can be viewed in Appendix 21. The post-survey was administered in the spring of 2017.
Analysis
In order to examine school-wide survey data, descriptive statistics were generated. Due to a low response rate for the post survey, no pre- and post-analysis was performed.
Results
The results of the pre- and post-surveys completed by food service staff at the six participating schools are described in this section.
Pre- and Post-Survey Response Rates
A total of 33 food service staff initiated the pre-survey. It was necessary to exclude 3 responses from the sample due to failure to identify the school at which the respondent worked. These exclusions resulted in a final sample of N = 30. Individual school participation rates included School 1 (n=7), School 2 (n=12), School 3 (n=0), School 4 (n=3), School 5 (n=3), and School 6 (n=5).
A total of 16 food service staff initiated the post-survey. It was necessary to exclude 1 response from the sample due to failure to identify the school at which the respondent worked. This resulted in a final sample of N = 15. Individual school participation rates included School 1 (n=3), School 4 (n=4), School 5 (n=2) and School 6 (n=6). There were no responses from Schools 2 or 3.
Pre-Survey Results
For complete reporting of pre-survey responses please see Appendix 22.
School Lunch IOWA Assessment Tool
Methods
The School Lunch IOWA assessment tool (Appendix 1) is a self-assessment tool that can be used to evaluate school lunchrooms and help identify successes and areas for improvement. The tool was developed in order to be easily completed by middle school students and is based on evidence identifying aspects of the lunchroom that could be improved in order to promote healthy eating.10-20 All six participating schools administered the School Lunch IOWA assessment tool in the fall of 2016. Students completed the tool in small groups of two or three. When completing the tool, students were instructed to read the question, circle their response (always, sometimes, or never) and then indicate whether or not they took a picture of the item. Students were instructed to take pictures that illustrated items included in the assessment tool, unless directed not to. Finally, students were
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encouraged to supply additional comments in the notes section. The assessment tool data was used to identify potential areas for improvement during the intervention. Using pre-assessment tool responses provided by each school, the team identified areas that could be improved by low- or no-cost changes. The recommended areas for improvement were reported to the food service director, who passed them on to the student groups. In spring 2017, post-assessments were completed at six school sites. Student groups followed the same protocol for the pre- and post-assessments.
Analysis
Responses were scored as 2 for always, 1 for sometimes, and 0 for never. Average scores were calculated. Scores in the fall were compared to scores in the spring to assess the areas in which schools improved.
Results by School
School 1
The student group at School 1 completed a total of 3 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranged from 16-17, with a mean of 16.3. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 5 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals increased (range 25-28), with a mean of 25.8. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 29.
School 2
The student group at School 2 completed a total of 4 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranged from 11-17, with a mean of 15. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 4 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals increased (range 16-21), with a mean of 18.3. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 30.
School 3
The student group at School 3 completed a total of 4 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranged from 15-19, with a mean of 16.7. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 4 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals did not increase nor decrease (range 14-18), with a mean of 16. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 31.
School 4
The student group at School 4 completed a total of 3 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranged from 13-16, with a mean of 14.7. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 4 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals increased (range 13-17), with a mean of 16.5. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 32.
School 5
The student group at School 5 completed a total of 4 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranges from 9-11, with a mean of 10.3. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 4 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals increased (range 15-21), with a mean of 18. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 33.
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School 6
The student groups at School 6 completed a total of 3 assessments in the fall, prior to making any lunchroom changes. Scores ranges from 10-12, with a mean of 11. During late spring, the scorecards were administered again to assess the lunchroom. A total of 4 scorecards were completed by the student group. Student scorecards totals increased (range 16-20), with a mean of 18.5. Pre- and post-comparison reports can be seen in of these changes can be seen in Appendix 34.
Production Records
Methods
Food service directors were asked to complete food production record templates (Appendix 29) to report vegetable, fruit, and milk production for one week in the fall and one week in the spring. The number of servings for each vegetable component, fruit, and milk initially prepared and the number of servings leftover were calculated. To determine the number of servings produced, the number of servings left over was subtracted from the number of servings prepared. Because some schools completed production records during a shortened week, the results for those schools were transformed to be representative of a five-day week to allow for a comparison between fall and spring.
Analysis
The number of servings of each meal component produced were compared in the fall and spring.
Results
Five schools provided production data that was able to be analyzed. Two schools increased servings of fruit and three schools increased servings of total vegetables and total milk. Increases for each component are shown in Table 3. More detailed results for each school can be found in Appendix 30 to 34.
Table 3. Increase in production of meal components. (A plus sign indicates an increase in production in spring compared to fall)
Meal Component
School DG Veg
RO Veg
BP Veg
S Veg O Veg Total
VegTotal Fruit
1% white
Skim White
Skim Choc
Total Milk
1 + + + + +
2 + + + + + + +
3 +
5 + + + + + + + +
6 + + + + + + +
Food Service Director Interviews
Methods & Analysis
Telephone interviews were conducted to assess the experiences and perceptions of food service directors (n=6). Interviews were conducted by a team member who had no previous interaction with staff at the participating schools. Interviews lasted approximately 13 to 27 minutes and assessed whether directors thought the project worked, what the outcomes were, and what preferred training methods were (see Appendix 35 for interview guide). Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were reviewed by a social scientist not involved in the program or data collection. Themes and trends in the transcripts are highlighted below.
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Sample Characteristics
All but one participant had a job title that included “Director” (as in Food Service Director or Child Nutrition Director). Four of the six participants had one year or less of experience in their position. Of the two remaining participants, one had two years of experience and one had 15 years.
Perceptions of The Communication and Behavioral Economics intervention
All participants described the program as successful. They specifically mentioned positive outcomes of focusing on milk placement, fresh fruit presentation, and signage.
Redesigned the milk cooler situation So now kids have better access to the milk, so they’re taking more milk. […] Now that we have some additional displays, it grabs the kids’ attention more. So I think that they’re taking more whole fruit. 140616_0030 I think that the kids really enjoyed fruit baskets that I bought, and they said that the, um, that was something that they really enjoyed having, that they could grab fresh fruit out of every day. FSD1_CM_5_22_17We saw a, definitely a more orderly lunchroom and that created a, um, it just created a more at-ease lunchroom. FSD6_CM
Training preferences
All participants mentioned in-person training as one of their preferred methods. Two of the six participants also talked about the benefits of webinar training either as a stand-alone method or as an important aspect of a mixture of methods. One participant said, “I think the staff really enjoyed the in-person, just because... you know, they’re people people. You know, technology, they have to use it, but it doesn’t always work the best” (140616_0030). Other participants mentioned that the in-person training forced people to focus on it or devote time to the training and that it allowed participants to ask questions.
Student Involvement
All six participants noted improved communication and relationships with students as one of the best outcomes of the program. Several mentioned the value of the feedback that students provided and how much they enjoyed getting to personally interact with students. They felt that the students were very interested in participating in the program and enthusiastic about learning about how they get their food.
I really liked working with the students. […] I enjoyed the interaction that our staff had with the students. 140616_0031The best part of it that worked was the student involvement. 140616_0032I really like, I just liked, um, communicating with the kids. I think they gave a lotta good feed-back. FSD1_CM_5_22_17
One important theme that emerged was that directors believed the program, specifically activities like working with student groups and personalizing interactions (in one case wearing stick-on milk mustaches) with staff, served to humanize the school workers.
The kids met my staff, my staff met the kids, they’re on a first-name basis. 140619_0033I think that makes ‘em [the lunch staff] human to the students and not just that lady who’s serving me lunch. 140616_0031I think they know now that, you know, the lunch ladies aren’t mean, and they’re not out to get them and they’re not grumpy, you know. 140616_0030
Another important theme related to student involvement was that directors expressed a belief that by building interpersonal relationships between students and staff, students felt more empowered. Directors talked not only about the value of the feedback that students provided but that students also now sought out the staff to share ideas, insights, and opinions about their lunch experiences. Several participants mentioned their plans to continue these interactions in some form in the future.
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It opened those lines of communication and introduced them to each other and made the kids feel a lot more comfortable with, you know, letting us know what they want 140619_0033We have ambassadors in our students now 140616_0031
Challenges
Each interviewee mentioned time and scheduling as the most salient challenge related to participating in this program. Given the preference for in-person training and the interviewees’ belief that one of the main positive outcomes was improved interpersonal communication between staff and students, this is a particularly important challenge to address.
It’s hard to come up with a time where everybody can meet together. 140616_0030Extra time for my staff and students to get together. […] Coordinating schedules […] We are on a skeleton crew […] they are just swamped. 140616_0031It was a huge challenge to be able to get the staff involved. Because the part of their day, you know, was spent, you know, getting the meal production done. 140616_0032Some of the follow up is hard to, when we’re winding down at the end of the year, sometimes it’s hard to get all of those things done, all of the reports done. 140619_0033I think it’s, was challenging to not have to pull the kids out of much, er, out of school. […] Just pulling ‘em outside of school was, and getting them all there, was kind of a challenge some-times. FSD1_CM_5_22_17What got really difficult is, you know, in any, um, school, the scheduling. It’s very difficult. Everything is so tight. […] that would be my only suggestion, is that the wrap-up and the ending surveys and stuff got quite late into the school year FSD6_CM
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LimitationsThere are several important limitations to note that impacted this project, which also influenced the evaluation results. These limitations included delivering trainings, involving staff in the project, response rates to online surveys, completing production records accurately, and scheduling difficulties.
Trainings
While each school was provided with trainings about communication not all staff received the same amount and depth of training. This was primarily due to the difficulties encountered in finding time for the staff to view the webinars introduced. Webinars were not equally attended. Additionally, trainings with students were not held at the same time of day or for the same amount of time between trainings.
Involvement of Staff
Involvement of staff with the project varied between schools. This includes participation in activities directly interacting with students as well as trainings that were delivered through webinars. Because a major focus of this intervention was increasing communication between staff and students, higher levels of staff involvement may have increased intervention effects on student’s perception and attitudes towards the lunchroom.
Survey Response
Due to time constraints and staff changes, the post response rates for the student, parents, and Food Service Staff surveys were lower than expected and as a result pre-post comparisons could not be made for the Food Service Staff survey.
Production records
The production record template was not filled out by schools consistently. Increased training on completing the production record template could improve completing and reporting of production data.
Scheduling
All FSD noted that scheduling both student groups and food service staff was difficult and a major challenge in the project. This resulted in student groups meeting with FSS differing amounts between schools and students not being able to attend meetings with the evaluation team.
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RecommendationsBased on the results of the evaluation and taking into consideration the limitations, there are several recommendations to consider in future projects. These include increasing the amount of planning time, increasing the level of communication and involvement of student group members, additional training on the Communication and Behavioral Economics intervention concepts for students and food service staff, implementing surveys more effectively, and a standardized method for reporting production data.
Encourage student participation and involvement: Student participation and interactions with food service staff was noted as a major benefit by food service directors. Future projects should implement the intervention in order to facilitate student participation and to expand student-staff interaction.
Allow flexibility for food service staff to participate: Participation for food service staff was variable, and providing more options or flexibility on how or when to complete activities could increase engagement in the project. Additionally, utilizing more environmental cues for school staff has the potential to increase communication without high level of staff involvement.
Encourage Students to take Pre- and Post-Surveys During Class Time: In the future, a best practice would be to encourage schools to administer pre- and post-surveys during class. School 6 did this and it resulted in the highest response rate of all project schools.
Survey Data Collection: Providing separate links for each school building would have improved the response rate for the student and parent survey
Production Record Data Collection: Creating a standardized tool to collect this data was important for the purposes of this project. However, not all schools successfully completed it. Simplifying the template and providing food service directors and their staff with more training on how to fill out the production record template would be beneficial in future project.
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References1) Smarter Lunchrooms Movement. (No date). About us. Retrieved from http://
smarterlunchrooms.org/about-us2) Just, D., & Price, J. (2013). Default options, incentives and food choices: evidence from
elementary-school children. Public Health Nutrition, 16(12), 2281-2288.3) List, J. A., & Samek, A. S. (2015). The behavioralist as nutritionist: leveraging behavioral
economics to improve child food choice and consumption. Journal of Health Economics, 39, 135-146.
4) Greene, K. N., Gabrielyan, G., Just, D. R., & Wansink, B. (2017). Fruit-promoting smarter lunchrooms interventions: results from a cluster RCT. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(4), 451-458
5) Goto, K., Waite, A., Wolff, C., Chan, K., & Giovanni, M. (2013). Do environmental interventions impact elementary school students’ lunchtime milk selection? Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, ppt004.
6) Wansink, B., Just, D. R., Payne, C. R., & Klinger, M. Z. (2012). Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools. Preventive Medicine 55, 330-332.
7) Schwartz, M. B. (2007). The influence of a verbal prompt on school lunch fruit consumption: a pilot study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4(1), 6.
8) The Pew Charitable Trust & The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2015). Serving Healthy School Meals: Staff development and training needs. Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2015/08/serving_healthy_school_meals_report.pdf
9) Iowa Department of Education. (No date). Iowa department of education public reporting website. Retrieved from http://reports.educateiowa.gov/Home/
10) Wansink, B. (2015). Change their choice! Changing behavior using the CAN approach and activism research. Psychology & Marketing, 32(5), 486-500.
11) Hanks, A. S., Just, D. R., Smith, L. E., & Wansink, B. (2012). Healthy convenience: nudging students toward healthier choices in the lunchroom. Journal of Public Health, 34(3), 370-376.
12) 1Hakim, S. M., & Meissen, G. (2013). Increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables in the school cafeteria: the influence of active choice. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved, 24(2), 145-157.
13) Just, D., & Wansink, B. (2010). Better school meals on a budget: using behavioral economics and food psychology to improve meal selection.
14) Bucher, T., Siegrist, M., & Van der Horst, K. (2014). Vegetable variety: an effective strategy to increase vegetable choice in children. Public health nutrition, 17(6), 1232-1236.
15) Cárdenas, M. K., Benziger, C. P., Pillay, T. D., & Miranda, J. J. (2015). The effect of changes in visibility and price on fruit purchasing at a university cafeteria in Lima, Peru. Public health nutrition, 18(15), 2742-2749.
16) Perry, C. L., Bishop, D. B., Taylor, G. L., Davis, M., Story, M., Gray, C., ... & Harnack, L. (2004). A randomized school trial of environmental strategies to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption among children. Health education & behavior, 31(1), 65-76.
17) Jansen, E., Mulkens, S., & Jansen, A. (2010). How to promote fruit consumption in children. Visual appeal versus restriction. Appetite, 54(3), 599-602.
18) Wansink, B., Just, D. R., Payne, C. R., & Klinger, M. Z. (2012). Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools. Preventive medicine, 55(4), 330-332.
19) Wansink, B., Van Ittersum, K., & Painter, J. E. (2005). How descriptive food names bias sensory perceptions in restaurants. Food quality and preference, 16(5), 393-400.
20) Stroebele, N., & De Castro, J. M. (2004). Effect of ambience on food intake and food choice. Nutrition, 20(9), 821-838.
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22
Appendix1SchoolLunchIowaTool
Appendix 1: School Lunch Iowa Tool
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23
Appendix2Student-StaffWhoAmIActivity
Appendix 2: Student-Staff Who Am I Activity
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24
Appendix3PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool1
Attractivechalkboardtodisplaymenuplacedinlunchline
Attractivefruitbasketdisplayaddednexttoregister
Appendix 3: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 1
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25
Tabletentsdisplayingmenuandfunnutritionfacts(onreverseside)addedtoeachtable
Milkrearrangedsothatwhitemilkisthefirstkindencounteredinthelunchline
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26
Appendix4PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool2
Menuupdatedtoincludefunandappetizingnamessuchas“Pizza
Crunchers”,“OregonBerryBlend”,“TwisterFries”,and“HotBeefSundae”
Attractivebowlwaspurchasedtodisplayfruit
Appendix 4: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 2
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27
Appendix5PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool3
Attractivebasketwaspurchasedtodisplayfruit
Artpromotingmilkwasadded
Appendix 5: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 3
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28
Appendix6PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool4
Flatscreenwaspurchasedtodisplaytheday’slunchmenuandotherannouncementsinthelunchroom
Milkwasrearrangedsothatwhitemilkwasthefirstkindencounteredinthelunchline
Appendix 6: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 4
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29
Appendix7PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool5
Attractivebasketwaspurchasedtodisplayfruit
Milkwasrearrangedsothatwhitemilkwasthefirstkindencounteredinthelunchline
Appendix 7: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 5
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30
Bannerspromotingfruitwereadded
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31
Attractiveartpromotingnutritionwereaddedtolunchroomwalls
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32
Appendix8PicturesofLunchroomChangesSchool6
Attractivebasketswerepurchasedtodisplayfruit
Milkwasrearrangedsothatwhitemilkwasmoreeasilyreachedbystudents
Appendix 8: Pictures of Lunchroom Changes School 6
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33
Asectionizerwasboughtinordertomakefruitmoreattractivetostudents
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34
Appendix9StudentPre/PostSurvey
WeinviteyoutoparticipateinaresearchstudybeingconductedbyinvestigatorsfromtheUniversityofIowa.Thepurposeofthestudyistobetterunderstandmiddleschoolstudents’perceptionsoftheirlunchroom.Weareinvitingyoutobeinthisstudybecauseyouareamiddleschoolstudent.Studentsatyourschoolarebeinginvitedtoparticipateinthisstudybecauseyourschoolisparticipatinginaschoollunchroomintervention.Approximately1700studentswilltakepartinthisstudyattheUniversityofIowa.Ifyouagreetoparticipate,wewouldlikeyoutocompleteabriefonlinesurvey.Itwilltake3-5minutestocomplete.Youarefreetoskipanyquestionsthatyouprefernottoanswer.Wewillkeeptheinformationyouprovideconfidential,howeverfederalregulatoryagenciesandtheUniversityofIowaInstitutionalReviewBoard(acommitteethatreviewsandapprovesresearchstudies)mayinspectandcopyrecordspertainingtothisresearch.Wewillnotcollectyournameofanyidentifyinginformationaboutyou.Ifwewriteareportaboutthisstudywewilldosoinsuchawaythatyoucannotbeidentified.Therearenoknownrisksfrombeinginthisstudy,andyouwillnotbenefitpersonally.Howeverwehopethatothersmaybenefitinthefuturefromwhatwelearnasaresultofthisstudy.Youwillnothaveanycostsforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Youwillnotbepaidforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Takingpartinthisresearchstudyiscompletelyvoluntary.Ifyoudecidenottobeinthisstudy,orifyoustopparticipatingatanytime,youwon’tbepenalizedorloseanybenefitsforwhichyouotherwisequalify.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheresearchstudyitself,pleasecontactNatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6887,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.edu.Ifyouexperiencearesearch-relatedinjury,pleasecontact:NatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6887,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.eduIfyouhavequestionsabouttherightsofresearchsubjects,pleasecontacttheHumanSubjectsOffice,105HardinLibraryfortheHealthSciences,600NewtonRd,TheUniversityofIowa,IowaCity,IA52242-1098,(319)335-6564,ore-mailirb@uiowa.edu.Toofferinputaboutyourexperiencesasaresearchsubjectortospeaktosomeoneotherthantheresearchstaff,calltheHumanSubjectsOfficeatthenumberabove.Thankyouverymuchforyourconsideration.Ifyouwouldliketoparticipateinthisstudy,pleaseclickonthearrowboxbelow.Ifyouchoosenottoparticipate,youmaycloseyourInternetbrowser.
Appendix 9: Student Pre/Post Survey
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35
1.WhatSchooldoyouattend?Thefollowingquestionsaskaboutyourperceptionsoftheschoollunchroomandstaff.Pleaseselecttheanswerthatbestfits.
Question
Stro
ngly
Di
sagr
ee
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
2. Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly.
3. IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
4. TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
5. Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom. 6. Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
7. Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
8. IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
9. SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
10. Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood. 11. Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 12. Thefoodlooksappealing.
13. IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
14. WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
15. Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
16. Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
17. Theschoollunchroomisclean. 18. Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin.
19. Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
20.Haveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepastweek?
o Yes,Ihaveeatenschoollunchatleastonceinthelastweek(Gotonextquestion)o NoIhavenoteatenschoollunch
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36
21.Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatthelasttimeyouhadschoollunch?o 100%(Allofit)o 75%(Mostofit)o 50%(Halfofit)o 25%(Someofit)o 0%(Noneofit)
Question St
rong
ly
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
22
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
23
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
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37
Appendix10Pre-SurveyResultsAllSchools
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 262.6%
686.9%
35035.4%
54455.1%
3.430.74
988
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
18518.9%
26827.4%
37838.7%
14715.0%
2.500.96
978
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
26026.6%
21321.8%
27728.4%
22723.2%
2.481.12
977
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
15515.9%
22723.2%
40741.7%
18819.2%
2.640.97
977
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
19920.3%
13113.4%
19620.0%
45246.2%
2.921.19
978
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
515.2%
10310.5%
36437.0%
46547.3%
3.260.85
983
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
16817.1%
23824.2%
29630.1%
28128.6%
2.701.06
983
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
17517.9%
21822.2%
32132.8%
26627.1%
2.691.06
980
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
10510.7%
22422.8%
36937.5%
28529.0%
2.850.96
983
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 16716.9%
22723.0%
37838.3%
21421.7%
2.651.00
986
Thefoodlooksappealing. 15916.5%
24925.8%
41442.9%
14414.9%
2.560.94
966
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
909.4%
13714.3%
25426.5%
47849.8%
3.171.00
959
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
23023.9%
21422.2%
30131.2%
21922.7%
2.531.09
964
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
11311.8%
19220.1%
30431.8%
34836.4%
2.931.02
957
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
24925.9%
24725.7%
30531.7%
16016.6%
2.391.04
961
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 596.1%
10911.2%
37738.9%
42443.8%
3.200.87
969
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 919.4%
12713.1%
35436.6%
39540.8%
3.090.95
967
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
46857.0%
11013.4%
9912.1%
14417.5%
1.901.18
821
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
13816.9%
15919.5%
30237.0%
21826.7%
2.731.03
817
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?82885.7%
13814.3%
966
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 13215.8%
39447.3%
19423.3%
10612.7%
70.8%
833
Appendix 10: Pre-Survey Results All Schools
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38
Appendix11Post-SurveyResultsAllSchools
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 313.3%
626.7%
35338.1%
48051.8%
3.380.76
926
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
20322.0%
29632.1%
32134.8%
10211.1%
2.350.94
922
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
23225.2%
22424.4%
26829.2%
19521.2%
2.461.09
919
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
14615.9%
24526.6%
37440.6%
15616.9%
2.590.95
921
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
17319.0%
12213.4%
20122.1%
41345.4%
2.941.16
909
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
566.1%
10611.5%
33836.7%
42145.7%
3.220.88
921
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
21523.4%
21923.8%
28230.7%
20422.2%
2.521.08
920
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
16317.8%
20622.4%
30433.1%
24526.7%
2.691.05
918
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
14015.2%
21122.9%
37140.2%
20121.8%
2.690.98
923
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 15416.7%
23625.7%
37040.2%
16017.4%
2.580.96
920
Thefoodlooksappealing. 14816.4%
25328.1%
39343.7%
10611.8%
2.510.90
900
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
667.4%
13815.4%
25928.9%
43348.3%
3.180.95
896
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
20122.4%
22825.4%
27530.6%
19421.6%
2.511.06
898
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
859.6%
16218.2%
27631.1%
36541.1%
3.040.99
888
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
16718.7%
21123.6%
35940.2%
15617.5%
2.560.99
893
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 535.9%
11612.9%
35239.1%
38042.2%
3.180.87
901
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 798.8%
12113.5%
36941.1%
32936.6%
3.060.92
898
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
46761.2%
8010.5%
8310.9%
13317.4%
1.851.18
763
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
9212.1%
15920.8%
29438.5%
21828.6%
2.840.98
763
Question Yes No n
Haveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepastweek?
77485.4%
13214.6%
906
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 14618.9%
38149.3%
14719.0%
9011.6%
91.2%
773
Appendix 11: Post-Survey Results All Schools
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39
Appendix12
Pre-SurveyResultsSchool1
QuestionStrongly
Disagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 11.2%
22.4%
1113.4%
6882.9%
3.780.55
82
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
1012.2%
1315.9%
4352.4%
1619.5%
2.790.90
82
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
1012.3%
1619.8%
3037.0%
2530.9%
2.861.00
81
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
56.2%
1619.8%
3745.7%
2328.4%
2.960.86
81
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
56.3%
1012.5%
1518.8%
5062.5%
3.380.93
80
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
22.4%
44.9%
2024.4%
5668.3%
3.590.70
82
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
1113.6%
2024.7%
3644.4%
1417.3%
2.650.92
81
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
33.7%
44.9%
1721.0%
5770.4%
3.580.76
81
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
33.7%
1012.2%
3745.1%
3239.0%
3.200.79
82
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 56.1%
2024.4%
2935.4%
2834.1%
2.980.92
82
Thefoodlooksappealing. 67.6%
1215.2%
4455.7%
1721.5%
2.910.82
79
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
67.6%
1822.8%
3139.2%
2430.4%
2.920.92
79
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
78.9%
2227.8%
2632.9%
2430.4%
2.850.96
79
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
45.1%
1519.0%
2835.4%
3240.5%
3.110.89
79
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
4557.7%
2126.9%
810.3%
45.1%
1.630.87
78
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 33.8%
67.6%
1924.1%
5164.6%
3.490.80
79
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 22.5%
22.5%
2227.8%
5367.1%
3.590.67
79
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
3751.4%
1013.9%
79.7%
1825.0%
2.081.28
72
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
811.3%
1115.5%
2535.2%
2738.0%
3.001.00
71
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?74
93.7%5
6.3%79
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 912.2%
4054.1%
1723.0%
810.8%
00.0%
74
Appendix 12: Pre-Survey Results School 1
Page 35Return to TOC
40
Appendix13Post-SurveyResultsSchool1
QuestionStrongly
Disagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 00.0%
00.0%
420.0%
1680.0%
3.800.41
20
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
525.0%
525.0%
840.0%
210.0%
2.350.99
20
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
315.8%
631.6%
631.6%
421.1%
2.581.02
19
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
419.0%
942.9%
628.6%
29.5%
2.290.90
21
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
315.0%
525.0%
525.0%
735.0%
2.801.11
20
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
00.0%
631.6%
421.1%
947.4%
3.160.90
19
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
315.8%
631.6%
842.1%
210.5%
2.470.91
19
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
15.0%
210.0%
735.0%
1050.0%
3.300.87
20
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
419.0%
628.6%
523.8%
628.6%
2.621.12
21
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 419.0%
838.1%
733.3%
29.5%
2.330.91
21
Thefoodlooksappealing. 630.0%
735.0%
630.0%
15.0%
2.100.91
20
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
15.3%
315.8%
947.4%
631.6%
3.050.85
19
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
525.0%
210.0%
630.0%
735.0%
2.751.21
20
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
00.0%
526.3%
526.3%
947.4%
3.210.86
19
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
421.1%
210.5%
1157.9%
210.5%
2.580.96
19
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 00.0%
00.0%
736.8%
1263.2%
3.630.50
19
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 210.5%
00.0%
631.6%
1157.9%
3.370.96
19
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
844.4%
211.1%
422.2%
422.2%
2.221.26
18
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
15.6%
316.7%
633.3%
844.4%
3.170.92
18
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?18
90.0%2
10.0%20
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday> 15.6%
844.4%
633.3%
316.7%
00.0%
18
Appendix 13: Post-Survey Results School 1
Page 36Return to TOC
41
Appendix14Pre-SurveyResultsSchool2
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 00.0%
35.5%
2545.5%
2749.1%
3.440.60
55
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
917.0%
1018.9%
2139.6%
1324.5%
2.721.03
53
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
1324.5%
1528.3%
1120.8%
1426.4%
2.491.14
53
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
814.5%
1323.6%
2341.8%
1120.0%
2.670.96
55
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
1425.0%
814.3%
1017.9%
2442.9%
2.791.25
56
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
11.8%
814.3%
2239.3%
2544.6%
3.270.77
56
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
814.8%
1629.6%
1425.9%
1629.6%
2.701.06
54
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
1221.8%
1730.9%
1425.5%
1221.8%
2.471.07
55
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
610.7%
1221.4%
2341.1%
1526.8%
2.840.95
56
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 712.5%
1323.2%
2442.9%
1221.4%
2.730.94
56
Thefoodlooksappealing. 814.8%
1222.2%
2648.1%
814.8%
2.630.98
54
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
59.4%
1426.4%
1935.8%
1528.3%
2.830.96
53
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
1425.9%
1833.3%
1425.9%
814.8%
2.301.02
54
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
23.7%
59.3%
1222.2%
3564.8%
3.480.82
54
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
59.1%
47.3%
2036.4%
2647.3%
3.220.94
55
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 11.8%
712.7%
2138.2%
2647.3%
3.310.77
55
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 712.7%
1018.2%
1934.5%
1934.5%
2.911.02
55
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
2455.8%
49.3%
614.0%
920.9%
2.001.25
43
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
24.5%
715.9%
1636.4%
1943.2%
3.180.87
44
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?44
81.5%10
18.5%54
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 920.5%
2352.3%
613.6%
613.6%
00.0%
44
Appendix 14: Pre-Survey Results School 2
Page 37Return to TOC
42
Appendix15Post-SurveyResultsSchool2
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 00.0%
35.0%
2135.0%
3660.0%
3.550.59
60
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
712.1%
2136.2%
2237.9%
813.8%
2.530.88
58
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
1423.7%
1322.0%
1728.8%
1525.4%
2.561.12
59
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
610.2%
1932.2%
2440.7%
1016.9%
2.640.89
59
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
1728.8%
915.3%
1525.4%
1830.5%
2.581.21
59
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
46.8%
46.8%
2237.3%
2949.2%
3.290.87
59
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
1525.4%
1220.3%
1627.1%
1627.1%
2.561.15
59
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
1220.3%
1118.6%
1220.3%
2440.7%
2.811.18
59
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
610.2%
1322.0%
2542.4%
1525.4%
2.830.93
59
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 1220.3%
1220.3%
2339.0%
1220.3%
2.591.04
59
Thefoodlooksappealing. 917.0%
1120.8%
2241.5%
1120.8%
2.661.00
53
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
713.2%
917.0%
1834.0%
1935.8%
2.921.06
53
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
1426.4%
1324.5%
2139.6%
59.4%
2.320.98
53
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
23.8%
611.5%
1426.9%
3057.7%
3.380.84
52
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
815.1%
47.5%
2343.4%
1834.0%
2.961.02
53
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 23.8%
47.5%
2954.7%
1834.0%
3.190.74
53
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 713.2%
1018.9%
1732.1%
1935.8%
2.911.04
53
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
3777.1%
12.1%
36.3%
714.6%
1.581.13
48
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
612.5%
612.5%
1633.3%
2041.7%
3.041.03
48
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?47
90.4%5
9.6%52
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 1020.8%
2552.1%
816.7%
510.4%
00.0%
58
Appendix 15: Post-Survey Results School 2
Page 38Return to TOC
43
Appendix16Pre-SurveyResultsSchool3
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 65.3%
1311.5%
5145.1%
4338.1%
3.160.83
113
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
2925.9%
3934.8%
3833.9%
65.4%
2.190.89
112
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
2017.7%
3127.4%
3329.2%
2925.7%
2.631.05
113
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
2522.5%
4036.0%
3935.1%
76.3%
2.250.88
111
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
98.1%
109.0%
3127.9%
6155.0%
3.300.94
111
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
119.7%
2017.7%
4741.6%
3531.0%
2.940.94
113
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
3228.3%
3833.6%
2623.0%
1715.0%
2.251.03
113
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
1715.0%
3127.4%
3430.1%
3127.4%
2.701.03
113
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
2118.6%
2925.7%
4035.4%
2320.4%
2.581.02
113
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 3228.3%
3430.1%
4136.3%
65.3%
2.190.91
113
Thefoodlooksappealing. 2320.7%
4036.0%
4036.0%
87.2%
2.300.88
111
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
1210.9%
1311.8%
3834.5%
4742.7%
3.090.99
110
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
2119.1%
2522.7%
3632.7%
2825.5%
2.651.06
110
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
1211.0%
1715.6%
3330.3%
4743.1%
3.061.02
109
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
1513.5%
2623.4%
4641.4%
2421.6%
2.710.96
111
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 1816.2%
1614.4%
5448.6%
2320.7%
2.740.97
111
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 1513.5%
1816.2%
4439.6%
3430.6%
2.871.00
111
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
6158.7%
1514.4%
1514.4%
1312.5%
1.811.10
104
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
2725.7%
2422.9%
3634.3%
1817.1%
2.431.06
105
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?10592.9%
87.1%
113
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 109.5%
4139.0%
3028.6%
2120.0%
32.9%
105
Appendix 16: Pre-Survey Results School 3
Page 39Return to TOC
44
Appendix17Post-SurveyResultsSchool3
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 910.2%
1517.0%
3438.6%
3034.1%
2.970.96
88
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
3438.6%
2730.7%
2225.0%
55.7%
1.980.93
88
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
2427.3%
1719.3%
3135.2%
1618.2%
2.441.08
88
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
2528.4%
2730.7%
2933.0%
78.0%
2.200.95
88
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
1112.6%
1213.8%
2124.1%
4349.4%
3.101.07
87
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
1415.9%
2427.3%
2629.5%
2427.3%
2.681.05
88
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
3540.2%
2225.3%
2023.0%
1011.5%
2.061.05
87
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
2326.1%
2022.7%
2225.0%
2326.1%
2.511.15
88
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
2225.0%
2427.3%
3236.4%
1011.4%
2.340.98
88
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 2326.1%
2427.3%
3236.4%
910.2%
2.310.98
88
Thefoodlooksappealing. 2225.0%
2831.8%
3236.4%
66.8%
2.250.91
88
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
1011.4%
2225.0%
3337.5%
2326.1%
2.780.96
88
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
2528.4%
1517.0%
2933.0%
`1921.6%
2.481.12
88
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
89.1%
2730.7%
1415.9%
3944.3%
2.951.06
88
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
910.3%
1618.4%
4349.4%
1921.8%
2.830.89
87
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 1517.0%
2427.3%
3742.0%
1213.6%
2.520.93
88
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 1415.9%
1213.6%
4146.6%
2123.9%
2.780.99
88
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
4360.6%
912.7%
1216.9%
79.9%
1.761.06
71
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
1014.1%
1926.8%
3245.1%
1014.1%
2.590.90
71
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?72
81.8%16
18.2%88
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 1013.9
4055.6%
1419.4%
79.7%
11.4%
72
Appendix 17: Post-Survey Results School 3
Page 40Return to TOC
45
Appendix18Pre-SurveyResultsSchool4
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 21.5%
32.3%
3325.4%
9270.8%
3.650.61
130
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
1713.4%
4535.4%
5442.5%
118.7%
2.460.83
127
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
3124.0%
3527.1%
3728.7%
2620.2%
2.451.07
129
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
1914.6%
3325.4%
5643.1%
2216.9%
2.620.93
130
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
2015.4%
1612.3%
3023.1%
6449.2%
3.061.11
130
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
43.1%
86.2%
4534.9%
7255.8%
3.430.75
129
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
2015.4%
4131.5%
3829.2%
3123.8%
2.621.02
130
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
2116.4%
2318.0%
4535.2%
3930.5%
2.801.05
128
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
1511.5%
3526.9%
4433.8%
3627.7%
2.780.98
130
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 1713.1%
3526.9%
5240.0%
2620.0%
2.670.94
130
Thefoodlooksappealing. 1411.6%
3730.6%
5041.3%
2016.5%
2.630.90
121
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
108.3%
3125.8%
3025.0%
4940.8%
2.981.00
120
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
108.3%
2621.5%
4436.4%
4133.9%
2.960.94
121
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
86.6%
97.4%
4436.4%
6049.6%
3.290.87
121
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
1310.7%
2218.2%
5747.1%
2924.0%
2.840.91
121
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 21.7%
97.4%
4436.4%
6654.5%
3.440.71
121
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 97.6%
1411.8%
4437.0%
5243.7%
3.170.91
119
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
5151.5%
1515.2%
1111.1%
2222.2%
2.041.24
99
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
1313.1%
1818.2%
3333.3%
3535.4%
2.911.03
99
Question Yes No NHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?10182.8%
2117.2%
122
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) N
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 1615.8%
5453.5%
2019.8%
109.9%
11.0%
101
Appendix 18: Pre-Survey Results School 4
Page 41Return to TOC
46
Appendix19Post-SurveyResultsSchool4
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 52.6%
94.7%
6534.0%
11258.6%
3.490.71
191
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
2613.7%
7941.6%
6634.7%
1910.0%
2.410.85
190
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
4322.5%
6232.5%
5930.9%
2714.1%
2.370.99
191
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
2312.0%
5930.9%
8242.9%
2714.1%
2.590.88
191
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
137.0%
168.6%
4423.5%
11461.0%
3.390.91
187
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
52.6%
136.8%
7639.8%
9750.8%
3.390.73
191
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
3015.7%
5930.9%
7036.6%
3216.8%
2.540.95
191
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
178.9%
4322.5%
7036.6%
6131.9%
2.920.95
191
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
2211.5%
4523.6%
8343.5%
4121.5%
2.750.92
191
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 2111.1%
6031.6%
8042.1%
2915.3%
2.620.88
190
Thefoodlooksappealing. 189.9%
6234.1%
8747.8%
158.2%
2.540.78
182
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
179.3%
4826.2%
6032.8%
5831.7%
2.870.97
182
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
1910.4%
5127.9%
6837.2%
4524.6%
2.760.94
185
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
52.8%
189.9%
6737.0%
9150.3%
3.350.77
181
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
168.7%
5127.9%
7742.1%
3921.3%
2.760.89
183
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 73.8%
94.9%
8144.3%
8647.0%
3.340.75
183
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 73.7%
2614.3%
8446.2%
6535.7%
3.140.80
182
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
9361.2%
1610.5%
138.6%
3019.7%
1.871.22
152
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
159.9%
3019.7%
5938.8%
4831.6%
2.920.95
152
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?15382.7%
3217.3%
185
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 2919.0%
8052.3%
2818.3%
1610.5%
00.0%
153
Appendix 19: Post-Survey Results School 4
Page 42Return to TOC
47
Appendix20Pre-SurveyResultsSchool5
Question
StronglyDisagree
(1)
Disagree
(2)
Agree
(3)
StronglyAgree
(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 64.4%
139.6%
5238.5%
6447.4%
3.290.82
135
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
4433.3%
3526.5%
3627.3%
1712.9%
2.201.04
132
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
6750.4%
2418.0%
3123.3%
118.3%
1.891.03
133
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
3324.8%
3828.6%
4231.6%
2015.0%
2.371.02
133
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
5037.3%
118.2%
139.7%
6044.8%
2.621.38
134
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
139.8%
1813.5%
5541.4%
4735.3%
3.020.94
133
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
2921.6%
2921.6%
3727.6%
3929.1%
2.641.12
134
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
4131.1%
2720.5%
3224.2%
3224.2%
2.421.17
132
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
2619.4%
3324.6%
4029.9%
3526.1%
2.631.07
134
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 4432.8%
2921.6%
3828.4%
2317.2%
2.301.10
134
Thefoodlooksappealing. 4332.6%
3929.5%
3627.3%
1410.6%
2.161.00
132
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
2821.4%
2922.1%
3829.0%
3627.5%
2.631.11
131
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
2619.5%
2518.8%
4231.6%
4030.1%
2.721.10
133
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
3022.7%
3728.0%
3929.5%
2619.7%
2.461.05
132
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
4836.9%
3930.0%
2720.8%
1612.3%
2.081.04
130
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 1712.8%
1914.3%
6145.9%
3627.1%
2.870.96
133
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 2518.8%
1813.5%
4533.8%
4533.8%
2.831.10
133
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
7865.0%
1815.0%
75.8%
1714.2%
1.691.09
120
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
2319.2%
2722.5%
3630.0%
3428.3%
2.681.09
120
Question Yes No NHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?12090.2%
139.8%
133
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) N
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 3025.2%
5243.7%
2420.2%
119.2%
21.7%
119
Appendix 20: Pre-Survey Results School 5
Page 43Return to TOC
48
Appendix21Post-SurveyResultsSchool5
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 87.1%
43.6%
4035.7%
6053.6%
3.360.86
112
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
3127.7%
3127.7%
3833.9%
1210.7%
2.280.99
112
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
6053.6%
2825.0%
108.9%
1412.5%
1.801.05
112
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
2724.1%
3127.7%
3228.6%
2219.6%
2.441.07
112
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
2118.8%
98.0%
2320.5%
5952.7%
3.071.17
112
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
1210.7%
1917.0%
3127.7%
5044.6%
3.061.03
112
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
2724.1%
1917.0%
3632.1%
3026.8%
2.621.13
112
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
2925.9%
3329.5%
2925.9%
2118.8%
2.381.07
112
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
2825.0%
2320.5%
3934.8%
2219.6%
2.491.07
112
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 3834.2%
2623.4%
3027.0%
1715.3%
2.231.09
111
Thefoodlooksappealing. 3231.1%
2827.2%
3029.1%
1312.6%
2.231.03
103
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
1716.7%
2019.6%
3938.2%
2625.5%
2.731.03
102
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
1615.5%
2726.2%
3433.0%
2625.2%
2.681.02
103
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
1918.6%
3130.4%
3130.4%
2120.6%
2.531.02
102
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
3534.3%
2322.5%
2623.5%
1817.6%
2.261.12
102
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 1211.5%
1615.4%
4846.2%
2826.9%
2.880.94
104
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 1514.4%
1413.5%
3634.6%
3937.5%
2.951.05
104
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
6167.0%
1011.0%
66.6%
1415.4%
1.701.13
91
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
2021.7%
1112.0%
3032.6%
3133.7%
2.781.14
92
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?95
88.8%12
11.2%107
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 2830.1%
4851.6%
1010.8%
44.3%
33.2%
93
Appendix 21: Post-Survey Results School 5
Page 44Return to TOC
49
Appendix22Pre-SurveyResultsSchool6
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 112.3%
347.2%
17837.6%
25052.9%
3.410.73
473
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
7616.1%
12626.7%
18639.4%
8417.8%
2.590.96
472
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
11925.4%
9219.7%
13528.8%
12226.1%
2.561.13
468
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
6513.9%
8718.6%
21045.0%
10522.5%
2.760.96
467
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
10121.6%
7616.3%
9720.8%
19341.3%
2.821.19
467
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
204.3%
459.6%
17537.2%
23048.9%
3.310.81
470
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
6814.4%
9420.0%
14530.8%
16434.8%
2.861.05
471
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
8117.2%
11624.6%
17938.0%
9520.2%
2.610.99
471
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
347.3%
10522.4%
18539.5%
14430.8%
2.940.91
468
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 6213.2%
9620.4%
19441.2%
11925.3%
2.790.97
471
Thefoodlooksappealing. 6513.9%
10923.2%
21846.5%
7716.4%
2.650.91
469
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
296.2%
326.9%
9821.0%
30765.9%
3.470.87
466
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
15232.5%
9821.0%
13929.8%
7816.7%
2.311.10
467
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
5712.3%
10923.6%
14832.0%
14832.0%
2.841.01
462
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
12326.4%
13529.0%
14731.5%
6113.1%
2.311.00
466
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 183.8%
5211.1%
17837.9%
22247.2%
3.290.81
470
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 337.0%
6513.8%
18038.3%
19240.9%
3.130.90
470
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
21756.7%
4812.5%
5313.8%
6517.0%
1.911.18
383
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
6517.2%
7219.0%
15641.3%
8522.5%
2.691.01
378
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?38482.6%
8117.4%
465
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 5814.9%
18447.2%
9724.9%
5012.8%
10.3%
390
Appendix 22: Pre-Survey Results School 6
Page 45Return to TOC
50
Appendix23Post-SurveyResultsSchool6
Question StronglyDisagree(1)
Disagree(2)
Agree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
MeanStDev n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly. 92.0%
316.8%
18941.5%
22649.7%
3.390.70
455
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff.
10022.0%
13329.3%
16536.3%
5612.3%
2.390.96
454
TheschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionswhenIamselectingmymeal.
8819.6%
9821.8%
14532.2%
11926.4%
2.661.07
450
Iusuallylikethefoodservedintheschoollunchroom.
6113.6%
10022.2%
20144.7%
8819.6%
2.700.93
450
Oneoftheschoollunchroomstaffknowsmyname.
10824.3%
7116.0%
9320.9%
17238.7%
2.741.21
444
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmyschool.
214.6%
408.8%
17939.6%
21246.9%
3.290.81
452
IfIhadaproblem-Icouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp.
10523.2%
10122.3%
13229.2%
11425.2%
2.561.10
452
SchoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomeasIgothroughthelunchline.
8118.1%
9721.7%
16436.6%
10623.7%
2.661.03
448
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood.
5812.8%
10022.1%
18741.4%
10723.7%
2.760.96
452
Theschoollunchusuallytastesgood. 5612.4%
10623.5%
19843.9%
9120.2%
2.720.93
451
Thefoodlooksappealing. 6113.4%
11725.8%
21647.6%
6013.2%
2.610.88
454
IknowwhatisforlunchbeforeIgettotheschoollunchroom.
143.1%
368.0%
10022.2%
30166.7%
3.530.77
451
WhenIpurchaseaschoollunch,Ihaveplentyoftimetoeatmyfood.
12227.1%
12026.6%
11725.9%
9220.4%
2.401.09
451
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong.
5111.4%
7516.8%
14532.5%
17539.2%
3.001.01
446
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutofpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved.
9521.2%
11525.6%
17939.9%
6013.4%
2.450.97
449
Theschoollunchroomisclean. 173.7%
6313.9%
15033.0%
22449.3%
3.280.84
454
Theschoollunchroomisfuntohangoutin. 347.5%
5913.1%
18540.9%
17438.5%
3.100.90
452
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Idrinkwhitemilkmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
22558.6%
4210.9%
4511.7%
7218.8%
1.911.20
384
Duringatypicalschoolweek,Ieatwholefruitmostofthedayswithmyschoollunch.
4010.4%
9023.5%
15139.4%
10226.6%
2.820.94
383
Question Yes No nHaveyoueatenschoollunchatleastonceduringthepast
week?39085.7%
6514.3%
455
Question 100%(All)
75%(Most)
50%(Half)
25%(Some)
0%(None) n
Howmuchofyourschoollunchdidyoueatyesterday? 6817.4%
18046.2%
8221.0%
5514.1%
51.3%
390
Appendix 23: Post-Survey Results School 6
Page 46Return to TOC
51
Appendix24ParentPre/PostSurvey
WeinviteyoutoparticipateinaresearchstudybeingconductedbyinvestigatorsfromtheUniversityofIowa.Thepurposeofthestudyistobetterunderstandparents'attitudestowardsschoolmealsattheschoolwhereyourmiddleschoolchildattends.Weareinvitingyoutobeinthisstudybecauseyouareaparentofamiddleschoolstudent.Parentsofamiddleschoolstudentarebeinginvitedtoparticipateinthisstudybecauseyourchild'sschoolisparticipatinginaschoollunchroomintervention.Thissurveyasksyourattitudestowardsschoolmeals.Itasksaboutschoolmealsattheschoolwhereyourmiddleschoolchildattends.ThesurveyisconductedfortheIowaDepartmentofEducationbytheUniversityofIowaPublicPolicyCenterandCollegeofPublicHealth.Theinformationgatheredfromthesurveywillbeusedtohelpschoolsimprovetheirmeals.Ifyouagreetoparticipate,wewouldlikeyoutocompleteabriefonlinesurvey.Itwilltake5-10minutestocomplete.Youarefreetoskipanyquestionsthatyouprefernottoanswer.Ifyoudonotwanttodothissurvey,youmaystoptakingitatanytime.Wewillkeeptheinformationyouprovideconfidential,howeverfederalregulatoryagenciesandtheUniversityofIowaInstitutionalReviewBoard(acommitteethatreviewsandapprovesresearchstudies)mayinspectandcopyrecordspertainingtothisresearch.Wewillnotcollectyournameofanyidentifyinginformationaboutyou.Ifwewriteareportaboutthisstudywewilldosoinsuchawaythatyoucannotbeidentified.Therearenoknownrisksfrombeinginthisstudy,andyouwillnotbenefitpersonally.Howeverwehopethatothersmaybenefitinthefuturefromwhatwelearnasaresultofthisstudy.Youwillnothaveanycostsforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Youwillnotbepaidforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Takingpartinthisresearchstudyiscompletelyvoluntary.Ifyoudecidenottobeinthisstudy,orifyoustopparticipatingatanytime,youwon’tbepenalizedorloseanybenefitsforwhichyouotherwisequalify.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheresearchstudyitself,pleasecontactNatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6867,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.edu.Ifyouexperiencearesearch-relatedinjury,pleasecontact:NatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6867,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.eduIfyouhavequestionsabouttherightsofresearchsubjects,pleasecontacttheHumanSubjectsOffice,105HardinLibraryfortheHealthSciences,600NewtonRd,TheUniversityofIowa,IowaCity,IA52242-1098,(319)335-6564,ore-mailirb@uiowa.edu.Toofferinputaboutyourexperiencesasaresearchsubjectortospeaktosomeoneotherthantheresearchstaff,calltheHumanSubjectsOfficeatthenumberabove.Thankyouverymuchforyourconsideration.Ifyouwouldliketoparticipateinthisstudy,pleaseclickonthearrowboxbelow.
Appendix 24: Parent Pre/Post Survey
Page 47Return to TOC
52
Ifyouchoosenottoparticipate,youmaycloseyourInternetbrowser.Thefollowingquestionsaskforinformationregardingyourmiddleschoolstudent.Ifyouhavemultiplechildreninmiddleschool,thinkofyouroldestmiddleschoolchild.1.Whichschooldoesyourmiddleschoolchildattend?2.Isyoumiddleschoolchildinthefreeorreducedlunchprogramattheirschool?
o Yeso No
3.Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoolbreakfast?o 5daysaweeko 4daysaweeko 3daysaweeko 2daysaweeko 1dayaweeko 0days
4.Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoollunch?o 5daysaweeko 4daysaweeko 3daysaweeko 2daysaweeko 1dayaweeko 0days
Thenexttwoquestionsaskaboutwhyorwhynotyourmiddleschoolchildeatsschoollunch.Pleasecheckallthatapply.5.Whymychilddoesnotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschool(checkallthatapply)
o Thereisnotimetopackalunchfromhomeo Wedonothavemoneytopackalunchfromhomeo Mychildreceivedfreeorreducedcostluncho Mychildlikesschoolluncho Mychild’sfriendseatschoolluncho Schoollunchishealthymealo Schoollunchisagoodvalueformymoneyo Schoollunchisbetterformychildthanwhatwecouldmakeathomeo Mychilddoesnotlikethefoodpackedinalunchfromhomeo Mychilddoesnoteatschoolfood
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53
6.Whymychildbringslunchfromhometoeatatschool?(checkallthatapply)o Mychildsometimesdoesn’tlikewhatisbeingservedatschoolluncho Mychilddoesnotlikeschoolluncho Lunchfromhomeischeaperthanschoolluncho Lunchfromhomeismadewithloveo Lunchfromhomeisahealthymealo MakinglunchfromhomemeansIknowwhatmychildiseatingo Bringingalunchfromhomegivesmychildmoretimetoeato Mychild’sfriendsbringlunchfromhomeo Mychildneedsmorefoodthanschoollunchprovideso Mychildwillnoteatthefruitsandvegetablestheschoollunchprovideso Mychilddoesnotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschoolo Schoollunchdoesnotmeetmychild’sspecificdietaryrestrictionsand/orallergies
7.Hasyourmiddleschoolchildsaidanythingtoyouaboutchangestoschoolmealsthatoccurredduringthecurrentschoolyear?
o Yes(Gotoquestion7A)o No(Gotoquestion8)
7A.Whatdidyourchildsay?8.Inyouropinion,whatisthepurposeoftheschoolmealsprogram?(checkallthatapply)
o Toprovideschoolchildrenwithhealthyfoodo Tomakesureschoolchildrenhavesomethingtoeatduringthedayo Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenough
moneyo Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenoughtimeo Tosetanexampleforwhatahealthymeallookslikeo Touseupsurplusfoodproducedbyfarmerso Togiveschoolchildrenabreakfromtheirlessons
9.Thinkingbacktowhenyouwereinschool,doyouthinkschoolmealshavechangedmuch?(checkallthatapply)
o SchoolsmealsareprettymuchthesameaswhenIwenttoschoolo SchoolsmealshavegottenalothealthiercomparedtowhenIwenttoschoolo SchoolsmealslookmoreappealingsinceIwenttoschoolo SchoolmealsarenotashealthyastheyusedtobewhenIwasinschoolo SchoolmealslooklessappealingsinceIwenttoschoolo IwouldbelesslikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschoolo IwouldbemorelikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschoolo PortionsizesinschoolmealsarelargerinsizethanwhenIwenttoschoolo PortionsizesinschoolmealsaresmallerthanwhenIwenttoschoolo IneverateschoolmealswhenIwasinschool/myschooldidnotprovideschoollunch
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54
Thefollowingquestionsaskhowimportantdifferentcomponentsofyourmiddleschoolchild'sluncharewith1beingnotimportantatalland7beingveryimportant.Pleaseselectthelevelofimportancethatfitsmostcloselywithyouropinion.
Not
Impo
rtant
atall
Very
Impo
rtant
11. Freshfruitsandvegetablesareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
12. Protein-richfoods(liketurkey,fish,beans,cheese,nuts)areavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
13. Wholegrainbreadproductsareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmeal
14. Foodsinyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmealsarepreparedfromscratchbyschoolfoodservicestaff
15. Yourmiddleschoolchildthinksschoolmealstastegood
Thefollowingquestionsaskaboutyourperceptionsofschoollunch.Pleaseselectthelevelofagreementthatfitsmostcloselywithyouropinion.21.Doesyoumiddleschoolchildthinkschoolmealstastegood?
o No,doesnottastegoodatallo No,tastesbado Doesnottastegoodbutdoesnottastebado Yes,tastesgoodo Yes,verytastyo Idonotknowo Mychilddoesnoteatschoolmeals
St
rong
ly
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
16. Eatinghealthyschoolmealswillmakemymiddleschoolchildhealthier
17. Healthyschoolmealswillhelpimprovemymiddleschoolchild’sschoolperformance
18. Mymiddleschoolchildgetsenoughtoeatatschoolmeals
19. Icantellifthefoodmymiddleschoolchildeatsatschoolishealthy
20. Thefoodservicestaffatmychild’sschoolseemswell-informedaboutschoolmealnutrition
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55
22.Doesyourmiddleschoolchildthinkthatfoodintheschoollunchlinelooksgood?o Definitelynoto Probablynoto Mightormightnoto Probablyyeso Definitelyyeso Idonotknowo Mychilddoesnoteatschoolmeals
23.Sincethestartofthecurrentschoolyear,onatypicaldaydoesyourmiddleschoolchildgetamorenutritiousmealathomeoratschool?
o Schoolo Homeo Botho Mymiddleschoolchilddoesnotusuallyeatschoolmeals
24.Howwouldyouratethecostofschoolmealsatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschool?
o Veryexpensiveo Expensiveo Reasonableo Veryreasonableo Bestvalueformydollaro Noopiniono Notsurewhatthecostofaschoolmealiso Mychildparticipatesinthefreeorreducedmealprogram
25.Arethereanyspecifichealthyfoodsyouwouldliketoseeofferedatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmeals?
Thefollowingquestionsaskaboutyourperceptionsoftheschoollunchroomandstaffatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschool.Pleaseselectthelevelofagreementthatfitsmostcloselywithyouropinion.
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56
St
rong
ly
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
Id
on’t
know
26. Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly 27. IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff
28. Theschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionstomychildaboutwhichfoodtotry
29. Mychildusuallylikesthefoodservedintheschoollunchroom 30. Theschoollunchroomstaffknowmychild’sname
31. Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmychild’sschool
32. Ifmychildhadaproblem-she/hecouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp
33. Schoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomychildinthelunchline
34. Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood
35. Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hehasplentyoftimetobuyandeatfood
36. Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong
37. Theschoollunchroomrunsoutpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved
38. Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hefeelsforcedtotakehealthyfoods
Ofthefollowingitems,whichareimportanttoyouforkeepingyourchildhealthywith1beingnotimportantatalland5beingextremelyimportant.
Not
Impo
rtant
atall
Very
Impo
rtant
39. Stayingcurrentonimmunizations/shots 40. Goingtothedoctorforcheck-ups 41. Gettingenoughsleep 42. Healthyeating 43. Drinkingenoughwater 44. Washinghandsregularly 45. Brushingteeth 46. Reducingstress 47. Stayingawayfromalcohol,drugs,tobacco 48. Reducingtheamountofpoporsugarydrinks 49. Eatingmorefruitsandvegetables
50.Doyouhaveanyfurtherthoughtsorideasaboutimprovingschoolmealsatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschool
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57
Appendix25ParentSurveyPre-Results
Schoolmealparticipation Yes No nIsyourmiddleschoolchildinthefreeorreducedlunchprogramattheirschool?
7813.5%
49986.5%
577
0days
aweek
1dayaweek
2daysaweek
3daysaweek
4daysa
week
5days
aweek
Mean(St
Dev) n
Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoolbreakfast?
48884.7%
264.5%
101.7%
142.4%
122.1%
264.5%
5.54(1.24)
576
Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoollunch?
7112.3%
244.2%
274.2%
356.1%
468.0%
37464.7%
3.88(1.80)
577
ReasonswhytheirchildrendonotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschoolReason n(%)Thereisnotimetopackalunchfromhome 163
(28.2%)Wedonothavemoneytopackalunchfromhome 39
(6.8%)Mychildreceivedfreeorreducedcostlunch 53
(9.2%)Mychildlikesschoollunch 266
(46.1%)Mychild’sfriendseatschoollunch 198
(34.3%)Schoollunchisahealthymeal 75
(13.0%)Schoollunchisagoodvalueformymoney 127
(22.0%)Schoollunchisbetterformychildthanwhatwecouldmakeathome 32
(5.5%)Mychilddoesnotlikethefoodpackedinalunchfromhome 21
(3.6%)Mychilddoesnoteatschoolfood 78
(13.5%)
Appendix 25: Parent Survey Pre-Results
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58
ReasonswhytheirchildrenbringfoodfromhometoeatatschoolReason n(%)Mychildsometimesdoesn’tlikewhatisbeingservedatschoollunch 273
(47.3%)Mychilddoesnotlikeschoollunch 69
(12.0%)Lunchfromhomeischeaperthanschoollunch 77
(13.3%)Lunchfromhomeismadewithlove 39
(6.8%)Lunchfromhomeisahealthymeal 91
(15.8%)MakinglunchfromhomemeansIknowwhatmychildiseating 95
(16.5%)Bringingalunchfromhomegivesmychildmoretimetoeat 79
(13.7%)Mychild’sfriendsbringlunchfromhome 16
(2.8%)Mychildneedsmorefoodthanschoollunchprovides 91
(15.8%)Mychildwillnoteatthefruitsandvegetablestheschoollunchprovides 35
(6.1%)Mychilddoesnotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschool 145
(25.1%)Schoollunchdoesnotmeetmychild’sspecificdietaryrestrictionsand/orallergies 11
(1.9%)ParentKnowledge
Parents’opiniononthepurposeofschoolmealsprogram
Question Yes No nHasyourmiddleschoolchildsaidanythingtoyouaboutchangestoschoolmealsthatoccurredduringthecurrentschoolyear?
20836.75%
35863.25%
566
Statement n(%)Toprovideschoolchildrenwithhealthyfood 383(66.4%)Tomakesureschoolchildrenhavesomethingtoeatduringtheday 465(80.6%)Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenoughmoney
214(37.1%)
Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenoughtime
94(16.3%)
Tosetanexampleforwhatahealthymeallookslike 179(31.0%)Touseupsurplusfoodproducedbyfarmers 27(4.7%)Togiveschoolchildrenabreakfromtheirlessons 55(9.5%)
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59
Howschoolmealshavechangedsinceparentswereinschool
Importanceofspecificlunchcomponentstoparents
Statement
Not
impo
rtan
tat
all
(1)
Very
im
port
ant(
7)
Mean(St
Dev)n
Freshfruitsandvegetablesareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
20.4%
20.4%
101.9%
315.9%
8516.0%
11521.7%
28553.8%
6.20(1.12)
530
Proteinrichfoods(liketurkey,fish,beans,cheese,nuts)areavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
81.5%
61.1%
112.1%
366.8%
6111.5%
13725.9%
27151.1%
6.01(1.28)
530
Wholegrainbreadproductsareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmeal
163.1%
254.9%
479.2%
12825.0%
10019.5%
6312.3%
13426.1%
4.94(1.65)
513
Foodsinyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmealsarepreparedfromscratchbyschoolfoodservicestaff
224.3%
214.1%
489.3%
8817.0%
10921.0%
8616.6%
14427.8%
5.08(1.69)
518
Statement n(%)SchoolsmealsareprettymuchthesameaswhenIwenttoschool 79(13.7%)SchoolsmealshavegottenalothealthiercomparedtowhenIwenttoschool 170(29.5%)SchoolsmealslookmoreappealingsinceIwenttoschool 88(15.3%)SchoolmealsarenotashealthyastheyusedtobewhenIwasinschool 66(11.4%)SchoolmealslooklessappealingsinceIwenttoschool 220(38.1%)IwouldbelesslikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschool 221(38.3%)IwouldbemorelikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschool 75(13.0%)PortionsizesinschoolmealsarelargerinsizethanwhenIwenttoschool 16(2.8%)PortionsizesinschoolmealsaresmallerthanwhenIwenttoschool 249(43.2%)IneverateschoolmealswhenIwasinschool/myschooldidnotprovideschoollunch
29(5.0%)
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60
Yourmiddleschoolchildthinksschoolmealstastegood
173.2%
152.9%
203.8%
479.0%
6312.0%
12123.1%
24146.0%
5.77(1.58)
524
Parentopinionsofschoolmeals
StatementStronglydisagree
(1)
Somewhatdisagree
Neitheragreenor
disagree
Somewhatagree
Stronglyagree
(5)
Mean(StDev) n
Schoolmealsarehealthy
346.3%
9718.1%
7614.2%
27350.7%
5610.5%
3.41(1.09) 537
Eatinghealthyschoolmealswillmakemymiddleschoolchildhealthier
397.3%
8115.1%
12022.3%
18334.0%
11421.2%
3.47(1.19) 537
Healthyschoolmealswillhelpimprovemymiddleschoolchild’sschoolperformance
142.6%
539.9%
10018.7%
20438.1%
16530.8%
3.85(1.05) 536
Mymiddleschoolchildgetsenoughtoeatatschoolmeals
10920.4%
14927.9%
8816.5%
12623.6%
6211.6%
2.78(1.32) 534
Icantellifthefoodmymiddleschoolchildeatsatschoolishealthy
275.1%
9117.1%
21841.0%
13625.6%
6011.3%
3.21(1.02) 532
Thefoodservicestaffatmychild’sschoolseemswellinformedaboutschoolmealnutrition
112.1%
458.6%
30057.1%
11822.5%
519.7%
3.29(0.84) 525
QuestionNo,doesnottastegoodat
all
No,tastesbad
Doesnottaste
goodbutdoesnottastebad
Yes,tastesgood
Yes,verytasty
Idonot
know
Mychilddoesnot
eatschoolmeals
n
Doesyourmiddleschoolchildthinkschoolmealstastegood?
397.3%
6512.2%
15829.8%
19737.1%
264.9%
173.2%
295.5% 531
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61
Question Definitelynot
Probablynot
Mightor
mightnot
Probablyyes
Definitelyyes
Idonot
know
Mychilddoesnot
eatschoolmeals
n
Doesyourmiddleschoolchildthinkthatfoodintheschoollunchlinelooksgood?
397.3%
6512.17%
16029.96%
17632.96%
397.3%
366.74%
193.56% 534
Question School Home Both
Mymiddleschoolchild
doesnotusuallyeatschoolmeals
n
Sincethestartofthecurrentschoolyear,onatypicaldaydoesyourmiddleschoolchildgetamorenutritiousmealathomeoratschool?
336.23%
24746.60%
19737.17%
5310.0% 530
Howwouldyouratethecostofschoolmealsatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschool?
VeryExpensive 326.03%
Expensive 9918.64%
Reasonable 27050.85%
VeryReasonable 539.98%
Bestvalueformydollar 71.32%
Noopinion 142.64%
Notsurewhatthecostofaschoolmealis
142.64%
Mychildparticipatesinthefree&reducedmealprogram
427.91%
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62
n 531Parentperceptionsofschoollunchroomandstaff
Statement Stronglydisagree
Somewhatdisagree
Neitheragreenordisagree
Somewhatagree
Stronglyagree
Idon'tknow
Mean(StDev) n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly
102.0%
234.5%
8316.2%
9117.8%
14127.5%
16432.0%
3.95(1.08) 512
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff
428.3%
489.5%
15931.3%
346.7%
285.5%
19738.8%
2.86(1.07) 508
Theschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionstomychildaboutwhichfoodtotry
5110.0%
418.1%
13927.4%
326.3%
112.2%
23446.1%
2.68(1.03) 508
Mychildusuallylikesthefoodservedintheschoollunchroom
5410.7%
8817.4%
6312.4%
20039.5%
8516.8%
1173.4%
3.35(1.27) 507
Theschoollunchroomstaffknowmychild’sname
285.5%
367.1%
9117.9%
6312.4%
8115.9%
20941.0%
3.44(1.26) 508
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmychild’sschool
112.2%
214.2%
9919.6%
10019.8%
12625.0%
14829.3%
3.87(1.06) 505
Ifmychildhadaproblemshe/hecouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp
285.6%
326.4%
9218.3%
9318.5%
8116.1%
19635.1%
3.51(1.21) 502
Schoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomychildinthelunchline
112.2%
265.2%
9819.6%
7715.4%
6112.2%
22845.5%
3.55(1.06) 501
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood
305.9%
6312.5%
7715.3%
20340.2%
8516.8%
479.3%
3.54(1.14) 505
Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hehasplentyoftimetobuyandeatfood
9017.9%
13627.0%
5911.7%
10721.2%
499.7%
6312.5%
2.75(1.32) 504
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong
173.4%
397.7%
11322.3%
10621.0%
7514.8%
915630.8%
3.52(1.09) 506
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved
255.0%
5110.2%
9919.8%
7615.2%
489.6%
20140.2%
3.24(1.16) 500
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63
Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hefeelsforcedtotakehealthyfoods
6412.8%
7314.5%
11923.7%
6212.4%
5711.4%
12725.3%
2.93(1.29) 502
Parentalvaluesregardingchildren’shealth
Statement Not
im
port
anta
tal
l(1)
2 3 4 5 Mean(StDev) n
Stayingcurrentonimmunizations/shots
81.6%
71.4%
306.0%
8216.5%
37174.5%
4.61(0.80) 498
Goingtothedoctorforcheckups
51.0%
81.6%
438.6%
11723.4%
32765.4%
4.51(0.80) 500
Gettingenoughsleep 00.0%
10.3%
51.0%
8516.8%
41682.1%
4.81(0.42) 507
Healthyeating 00.0%
20.4%
183.6%
12324.3%
36471.8%
4.67(0.56) 507
Drinkingenoughwater 10.2%
51.0%
193.8%
11222.1%
36972.9%
4.67(0.62) 506
Washinghandsregularly
20.4%
51.0%
356.9%
11522.8%
34868.9%
4.59(0.70) 505
Brushingteeth 00.0%
10.2%
132.6%
7214.2%
42183.0%
4.80(0.47) 507
Reducingstress 20.4%
71.4%
5711.3%
14428.5%
29558.4%
4.43(0.78) 505
Stayingawayfromalcohol,drugs,tobacco
10.2%
00%
10.2%
224.4%
48095.2%
4.94(0.28) 504
Reducingtheamountofpoporsugarydrinks
20.4%
102.0%
418.1%
13927.6%
31261.9%
4.49(0.76) 504
Eatingmorefruitsandvegetables
10.2%
30.6%
234.6%
13126.0%
34568.6%
4.62(0.62) 503
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64
Appendix26
ParentSurveyPost-Results
Schoolmealparticipation Yes No nIsyourmiddleschoolchildinthefreeorreducedlunchprogramattheirschool?
3911.1%
31388.9%
352
0days
aweek
1daya
week
2daysa
week
3daysa
week
4daysa
week
5daysa
week
Mean(St
Dev)n
Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoolbreakfast?
30586.4%
154.2%
61.7%
61.7%
51.4%
164.5%
.41(1.21)
353
Lastweek,howmanydaysdidyourmiddleschoolchildeatschoollunch?
3810.8%
113.1%
123.4%
246.8%
318.8%
23767.1%
4.01(1.70)
353
ReasonswhytheirchildrendonotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschoolReason n(%)Thereisnotimetopackalunchfromhome 99(28%)Wedonothavemoneytopackalunchfromhome 14(4.0%)Mychildreceivedfreeorreducedcostlunch 30(8.5%)Mychildlikesschoollunch 149(42.2%)Mychild’sfriendseatschoollunch 123(34.8%)Schoollunchisahealthymeal 43(12.2%)Schoollunchisagoodvalueformymoney 85(24.1%)Schoollunchisbetterformychildthanwhatwecouldmakeathome 21(5.9%)Mychilddoesnotlikethefoodpackedinalunchfromhome 23(6.5%)Mychilddoesnoteatschoolfood 43(12.2%)
Appendix 26: Parent Survey Post-Results
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65
ReasonswhytheirchildrenbringfoodfromhometoeatatschoolReason nMychildsometimesdoesn’tlikewhatisbeingservedatschoollunch 153(43.3%)Mychilddoesnotlikeschoollunch 49(13.9%)Lunchfromhomeischeaperthanschoollunch 34(9.6%)Lunchfromhomeismadewithlove 17(4.8%)Lunchfromhomeisahealthymeal 48(13.6%)MakinglunchfromhomemeansIknowwhatmychildiseating 50(14.2%)Bringingalunchfromhomegivesmychildmoretimetoeat 33(9.3%)Mychild’sfriendsbringlunchfromhome 11(3.1%)Mychildneedsmorefoodthanschoollunchprovides 52(14.7%)Mychildwillnoteatthefruitsandvegetablestheschoollunchprovides 18(5.1%)Mychilddoesnotbringfoodfromhometoeatatschool 97(27.5%)Schoollunchdoesnotmeetmychild’sspecificdietaryrestrictionsand/orallergies 7(2.0%)
ParentKnowledge
Parents’opiniononthepurposeofschoolmealsprogram
Question Yes No nHasyourmiddleschoolchildsaidanythingtoyouaboutchangestoschoolmealsthatoccurredduringthecurrentschoolyear?
10229.7%
24270.3% 344
Statement n(%)Toprovideschoolchildrenwithhealthyfood 246(69.7%)Tomakesureschoolchildrenhavesomethingtoeatduringtheday 282(79.9%)Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenoughmoney
143(40.5%)
Tohelpfamilieswhoarestrugglingtofeedtheirchildrenbecausetheydonothaveenoughtime
63(17.8%)
Tosetanexampleforwhatahealthymeallookslike 126(35.7%)Touseupsurplusfoodproducedbyfarmers 11(3.1%)Togiveschoolchildrenabreakfromtheirlessons 38(10.8%)
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66
HowschoolmealshavechangedsinceparentswereinschoolStatement n(%)SchoolsmealsareprettymuchthesameaswhenIwenttoschool 38(10.8%)SchoolsmealshavegottenalothealthiercomparedtowhenIwenttoschool 120(34.0%)SchoolsmealslookmoreappealingsinceIwenttoschool 56(15.9%)SchoolmealsarenotashealthyastheyusedtobewhenIwasinschool 36(10.2%)SchoolmealslooklessappealingsinceIwenttoschool 121(34.3%)IwouldbelesslikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschool 125(35.4%)IwouldbemorelikelytoeatschoolmealsnowthanwhenIwasinschool 44(12.5%)PortionsizesinschoolmealsarelargerinsizethanwhenIwenttoschool 12(3.4%)PortionsizesinschoolmealsaresmallerthanwhenIwenttoschool 142(40.2%)IneverateschoolmealswhenIwasinschool/myschooldidnotprovideschoollunch 15(4.2%)
Importanceofspecificlunchcomponentstoparents
Statement
Not
impo
rtan
tat
all
(1)
Very
impo
rtan
t(7
)
Mean(St
Dev)n
Freshfruitsandvegetablesareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
10.3%
61.8%
51.5%
257.7%
4814.7%
6319.3%
17854.6%
6.11(1.23) 326
Proteinrichfoods(liketurkey,fish,beans,cheese,nuts)areavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoollunch
41.2%
61.8%
61.8%
3510.7%
4614.1%
5918.1%
17052.1%
5.98(1.37) 326
Wholegrainbreadproductsareavailableforyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmeal
82.5%
226.9%
3310.4%
7523.6%
5717.9%
3611.3%
8727.4%
4.91(1.70) 318
Foodsinyourmiddleschoolchild’sschoolmealsarepreparedfromscratchbyschoolfoodservicestaff
134.1%
226.9%
226.9%
6821.4%
7323.0%
5316.7%
6721.1%
4.86(1.66) 318
Yourmiddleschoolchildthinksschoolmealstastegood
82.5%
113.5%
92.8%
3711.7%
4413.9%
6921.8%
13843.7%
5.71(1.55)
316
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67
Parentopinionsofschoolmeals
Statement
Stro
ngly
di
sagr
ee
(1)
Som
ewha
tdi
sagr
ee
Nei
ther
ag
ree
nor
disa
gree
Som
ewha
tag
ree
Stro
ngly
ag
ree
(5) Mean
(StDev) n
Schoolmealsarehealthy
154.6%
4112.7%
5115.8%
18757.9%
299.0%
3.54(.98)
323
Eatinghealthyschoolmealswillmakemymiddleschoolchildhealthier
206.2%
3711.5%
8426.1%
11736.3%
6419.9%
3.2(1.12)
322
Healthyschoolmealswillhelpimprovemymiddleschoolchild’sschoolperformance
154.7%
226.8%
6720.8%
12137.6%
9730.1%
3.82(1.08)
322
Mymiddleschoolchildgetsenoughtoeatatschoolmeals
6119.0%
9730.2%
6419.9%
7724.0%
226.9%
2.69(1.22)
321
Icantellifthefoodmymiddleschoolchildeatsatschoolishealthy
195.9%
5015.5%
13241.0%
9429.2%
278.4%
3.19(.99)
322
Thefoodservicestaffatmychild’sschoolseemswell-informedaboutschoolmealnutrition
134.0%
175.3%
18256.7%
8024.9%
299.0%
3.30(0.86)
321
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68
Question
No,doesnottastegoodatall(1)
No,tastesbad(2)
Doesnottastegoodbutdoesnottastebad(3)
Yes,tastes
good(4)
Yes,verytasty(5)
Idonot
know
Mychilddoes
noteatschoolmeals
Mean(St
Dev)n
Doesyourmiddleschoolchildthinkschoolmealstastegood?
268.2%
3611.4%
9830.9%
12539.4%
113.5%
92.8%
123.8%
3.20(1.00) 317
Question Definitelynot(1)
Probablynot(2)
Mightor
mightnot(3)
Probablyyes(4)
Definitelyyes(5)
Idonot
know
Mychilddoesnot
eatschoolmeals
Mean(St
Dev)n
Doesyourmiddleschoolchildthinkthatfoodintheschoollunchlinelooksgood?
278.4%
5617.5%
8426.3%
10231.9%
257.8%
185.6%
82.5%
3.14(1.11) 320
Question School Home Both
Mymiddleschoolchilddoesnot
usuallyeatschoolmeals
n
Sincethestartofthecurrentschoolyear,onatypicaldaydoesyourmiddleschoolchildgetamorenutritiousmealathomeoratschool?
134.1%
16150.3%
12539.1%
216.6% 320
Howwouldyouratethecostofschoolmealsatyourmiddleschoolchild’sschool?
VeryExpensive 144.4%
Expensive 6119.1%
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69
Reasonable 16350.9%
VeryReasonable 4313.4%
Bestvalueformydollar 82.5%
Noopinion 72.2%
Notsurewhatthecostofaschoolmealis
41.3%
Mychildparticipatesinthefree&reducedmealprogram
206.3%
Mean(StDev) 2.97(.93)n 320
Parentperceptionsofschoollunchroomandstaff
Statement
Stro
ngly
di
sagr
ee
Som
ewha
tdi
sagr
ee
Nei
ther
agr
ee
nord
isag
ree
Som
ewha
tag
ree
Stro
ngly
agr
ee
Idon
'tkn
ow
Mea
n(S
tDev
)
n
Theschoollunchroomstaffisfriendly 31.0%
134.2%
5116.6%
6521.4%
8126.3%
9530.8%
3.98(1.00) 308
IknowthatIcanoffersuggestionstoschoollunchroomstaff
227.1%
3310.7%
10634.4%
289.1%
134.2%
10634.4%
2.89(.99) 308
Theschoollunchroomstaffofferssuggestionstomychildaboutwhichfoodtotry
247.8%
309.8%
7323.9%
278.8%
82.6%
14447.1%
2.78(1.05) 306
Mychildusuallylikesthefoodservedintheschoollunchroom
3812.4%
6220.3%
4113.4%
11437.3%
4013.1%
113.6%
3.19(1.30) 306
Theschoollunchroomstaffknowmychild’sname
196.3%
289.2%
4414.5%
309.9%
5518.2%
12741.9%
3.42(1.36) 303
Ithinktheschoollunchroomstaffcareaboutthestudentsinmychild’sschool 8
2.6%185.9%
5217.1%
7524.7%
6722.0%
8427.6%
3.80(1.10) 304
Ifmychildhadaproblemshe/hecouldgotooneoftheschoollunchstaffforhelp
196.2%
196.2%
6019.6%
6721.9%
4514.7%
9631.4%
3.48(1.19) 306
Schoollunchroomstaffregularlyspeaktomychildinthelunchline
134.2%
216.9%
4916.0%
4815.7%
3511.4%
14045.8%
3.43(1.18) 306
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70
Theschoollunchroomservesagoodvarietyoffood
154.9%
4013.0%
4013.0%
13744.6%
4815.6%
278.8%
3.58(1.10) 307
Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hehasplentyoftimetobuyandeatfood
4715.3%
8527.6%
3511.4%
6822.1%
309.7%
4314.0%
2.81(1.31) 308
Thelinesintheschoollunchroomaretoolong
82.6%
247.8%
6019.6%
7323.9%
4615.0%
9531.0%
3.59(1.10) 306
Theschoollunchroomrunsoutpopularfoodsbeforeeveryoneisserved 19
6.2%216.8%
5718.6%
6220.2%
3611.7%
11235.5%
3.38(1.12) 307
Whenmychildpurchasesaschoollunch,she/hefeelsforcedtotakehealthyfoods 27
8.8%46
15.0%89
29.0%43
14.0%258.1%
7725.1%
2.97(1.14) 307
Parentalvaluesregardingchildren’shealth
Statement Not
im
port
anta
tal
l(1
) 2 3 4
Very
Impo
rtan
t
(5
) Mean(StDev) n
Stayingcurrentonimmunizations/shots 4
1.3%2
0.7%185.9%
4314.0%
24078.2%
4.67(0.73) 307
Goingtothedoctorforcheckups
10.3%
82.6%
258.1%
6822.1%
20566.8%
4.52(0.78) 307
Gettingenoughsleep 10.3%
00%
72.3%
4916.0%
25081.4%
4.78(0.51) 307
Healthyeating 10.3%
10.3%
123.9%
7624.8%
21770.7%
4.65(0.60) 307
Drinkingenoughwater 10.3%
00%
134.2%
7825.4%
21570.0%
4.65(0.59) 307
Washinghandsregularly 10.3%
20.7%
206.5%
7624.8%
20767.6%
4.59(0.67) 306
Brushingteeth 10.3%
00%
72.3%
5417.6%
24479.7%
4.76(0.52) 306
Reducingstress 10.3%
72.3%
3210.5%
8828.8%
17858.2%
4.42(0.80) 306
Stayingawayfromalcohol,drugs,tobacco 1
0.3%00%
10.3%
154.9%
28994.4%
4.93(0.33) 306
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71
Reducingtheamountofpoporsugarydrinks 2
0.7%7
2.3%
3511.4%
6621.6%
19664.1%
4.46(0.83) 306
Eatingmorefruitsandvegetables
10.3%
10.3%
258.3%
6722.1%
20969.0%
4.59(0.68) 303
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72
Appendix27
FoodServiceStaffPre-Survey
WeinviteyoutoparticipateinaresearchstudybeingconductedbyinvestigatorsfromtheUniversityofIowa.Thepurposeofthestudyistobetterunderstandfoodservicestaff'sattitudestowardstheirjobandschoolmealsattheschoolwhereyouareemployed.Weareinvitingyoutobeinthisstudybecauseyouareafoodservicestaffmemberataschoolparticipatinginaschoollunchroomintervention.Thissurveyasksyourattitudesandthoughtsaboutyourjob.ThesurveyisconductedfortheIowaDepartmentofEducationbytheUniversityofIowaPublicPolicyCenterandCollegeofPublicHealth.Theinformationgatheredfromthesurveywillbeusedtohelpschoolsimprovetheirmeals.Ifyouagreetoparticipate,wewouldlikeyoutocompleteabriefonlinesurvey.Itwilltake5-10minutestocomplete.Youarefreetoskipanyquestionsthatyouprefernottoanswer.Ifyoudonotwanttodothissurvey,youmaystoptakingitatanytime.Wewillkeeptheinformationyouprovideconfidential,howeverfederalregulatoryagenciesandtheUniversityofIowaInstitutionalReviewBoard(acommitteethatreviewsandapprovesresearchstudies)mayinspectandcopyrecordspertainingtothisresearch.Wewillnotcollectyournameoranyidentifyinginformationaboutyou.Ifwewriteareportaboutthisstudywewilldosoinsuchawaythatyoucannotbeidentified.Therearenoknownrisksfrombeinginthisstudy,andyouwillnotbenefitpersonally.Howeverwehopethatothersmaybenefitinthefuturefromwhatwelearnasaresultofthisstudy.Youwillnothaveanycostsforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Youwillnotbepaidforbeinginthisresearchstudy.Takingpartinthisresearchstudyiscompletelyvoluntary.Ifyoudecidenottobeinthisstudy,orifyoustopparticipatingatanytime,youwon’tbepenalizedorloseanybenefitsforwhichyouotherwisequalify.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheresearchstudyitself,pleasecontactNatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6867,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.edu.Ifyouexperiencearesearch-relatedinjury,pleasecontact:NatoshiaAskelson,(319)335-6867,Email:Natoshia-Askelson@uiowa.eduIfyouhavequestionsabouttherightsofresearchsubjects,pleasecontacttheHumanSubjectsOffice,105HardinLibraryfortheHealthSciences,600NewtonRd,TheUniversityofIowa,IowaCity,IA52242-1098,(319)335-6564,ore-mailirb@uiowa.edu.Toofferinputaboutyourexperiencesasaresearchsubjectortospeaktosomeoneotherthantheresearchstaff,calltheHumanSubjectsOfficeatthenumberabove.Thankyouverymuchforyourconsideration.Ifyouwouldliketoparticipateinthisstudypleaseclickonthearrowboxbelow.
Appendix 27: Food Service Staff Pre-Survey
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73
IfyouchoosenottoparticipateyoumaycloseyourInternetbrowser.1. Whichschooldoyouworkat?
Not
Im
port
ant
ata
ll
Very
Im
port
ant
2. Itisimportantformetoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables
3. Itisimportanttomethateverystudentbuysandeatsfruitandvegetables
Pleaseselecttheanswerthatbestfitsforyou
St
rong
ly
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
Do
esn
ot
appl
y
4.
Mysupervisorwantsmetoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables
5. IhavetheskillsIneedtoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables
6. IfIwantedmoretraininginencouragingstudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables,Iwouldbeabletogetit
Oneofmyresponsibilitiesisto7. Make/servefoodtostudents Yes No8. Haveapositivecommunicationwithstudentsonadailybasis 9. Makeastudent’sdaybetter 10. Makesurestudentshavethefueltheyneedtolearn 11. Makesurethathungrystudentsgetameal 12. Helpstudentsselecthealthyfoodoptions 13. Encouragestudentstoeatfruitsandvegetables 14. Encouragestudentstochoosefruitsandvegetablesoverlesshealthyitems(chips,
cookies,etc.)atlunch
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74
Thefollowingarealistofsomeissuesrelatedtofruitsandvegetablesthatschoolsmayface.Pleaseselecttheanswerthatbestfitswithyouropinionofifthatissueispresentatyourschool.
Not
a
prob
lem
Am
ajor
pr
oble
m
Don
ot
know
15. Thereisn’tenoughtimetosuggeststudentstakefruitorvegetableswhenstudentscomethroughthelunchline
16. Thereisnotenoughofavarietyoffruitsandvegetablesavailabletostudents
17. Fruitsandvegetablesrequiremoretimetoprepare 18. Studentsdon’tlikefruitsandvegetablesasmuchasotherfoods 19. Parentsofstudentsatourschooldonotencouragefruitand
vegetableconsumption
20. Classroomteachersdonotencouragefruitandvegetableconsumption
21. Principals/Administratorsdonotencouragefruitandvegetableconsumption
22. Thereisnotenoughfinancialsupportatthedistrictleveltoofferavarietyoffruitsandvegetables
23. Wedonothaveenoughtrainingonhowtopreparefruitsandvegetables
24. Wedonothaveenoughtrainingonhowtoencouragestudentstotakefruitsandvegetables
25. Fruitsandvegetablesareexpensive
St
rong
ly
Disa
gree
Stro
ngly
Ag
ree
Do
esn
ot
appl
y26.
Studentswhoeatfruitsandvegetablesatschoolaregenerallyhealthierthanstudentswhodonoteatfruitsandvegetablesatschool
27. Whatstudentseatatschoolishealthierthanwhattheyeatathome
28. Iameasilyabletoencouragestudentstochoosefruitsandvegetableswhentheycomethroughthelunchline
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75
Appendix28FoodServiceStaffPre-SurveyResults
StronglyDisagree
(1)
SomewhatDisagree(2)
SomewhatAgree(3)
StronglyAgree(4)
DoesnotApply
Mean(StDev) n
Mysupervisorwantsmetoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables.
13.4%
00.0%
724.1%
1655.2%
517.2%
3.58(.72) 29
IhavetheskillsIneedtoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables.
13.4%
00.0%
1448.3%
1448.3%
00.0%
3.41(.68) 29
IfIwantedmoretraininginencouragingstudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables,Iwouldbeabletogetit.
310.3%
620.7%
724.1%
1137.9%
26.9%
2.96(1.10)
29
Studentswhoeatfruitsandvegetablesatschoolaregenerallyhealthierthanstudentswhodonoteatfruitsandvegetablesatschool.
14.2%
00.0%
1041.7%
1250.0%
14.2%
3.43(.73)
24
Whatstudentseatatschoolishealthierthanwhattheyeatathome.
00.0%
28.3%
1145.8%
416.7%
729.2%
3.12(.60) 24
Iameasilyabletoencouragestudentstochoosefruitsandvegetableswhentheycomethroughthelunchline.
00.0%
728.0%
936.0%
728.0%
25.7%
3.00(.80)
25
Extremely
Unlikely(1)
UnlikelyNeither
LikelynorUnlikely
LikelyExtremely
Likely(5)
Mean(St
Dev)n
Iwillencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetablesthisweek.
00.0%
00.0%
724.1%
1241.4%
1034.5%
4.10(.77)
29
Appendix 28: Food Service Staff Pre-Survey Results
Page 71Return to TOC
76
Oneofmyresponsibilitiesisto:
Yes No n
Make/servefoodtostudents
1557.7%
1142.3% 29
Havepositivecommunicationwithstudentsonadailybasis
2596.2%
13.8% 26
Makeastudent'sdaybetter
2596.2%
13.8% 26
Makesurestudentshavethefueltheyneedtolearn
2076.9%
623.1% 26
Makesurethathungrystudentsgetameal
2673.1%
726.9% 26
Helpstudentsselecthealthyfoodoptions
1976.0%
624.0% 25
Encouragestudentstoeatfruitsandvegetables
2284.6%
415.4% 26
Encouragestudentstochoosefruitsandvegetablesoverlesshealthyitems(chips,cookies,etc.)atlunch
1973.1%
726.9% 26
Question
Not
Impo
rtan
tata
ll(1
) 2 3 4 5 6
Very
Impo
rtan
t(7)
Mean(St
Dev)n
Itisimportantformetoencouragestudentstobuyandeatfruitsandvegetables.
00.0%
00.0%
13.3%
13.3%
310.0%
930.0%
1653.3%
6.27(1.02) 30
Itisimportanttomethateverystudentbuysandeatsfruitsandvegetables.
00.0%
00.0%
00.0%
414.3%
310.7%
1035.7%
1139.3%
6.00(1.05)
28
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77
Notaproblem
(1)
Aminorproblem
Somewhatofaproblem
Amajorproblem
(4)
Don’tknow
Mean(St
Dev)n
Thereisn’tenoughtimetosuggeststudentstakefruitorvegetableswhenstudentscomethroughthelunchline.
622.2%
518.5%
1037.0%
311.1%
311.1%
2.42(1.02) 27
Thereisnotenoughofavarietyoffruitsandvegetablesavailabletostudents.
1973.1%
623.1%
00.0%
12.9%
00.0%
1.35(.69) 26
Fruitsandvegetablesareexpensive.
520.0%
416.0%
832.0%
28.0%
624.0%
2.37(1.01) 25
Fruitsandvegetablesrequiremoretimetoprepare.
1352.0%
312.0%
416.0%
00%
514.3%
1.55(.83) 25
Studentsdon’tlikefruitsandvegetablesasmuchasotherfoods.
312.0%
832.0%
1352.0%
14.0%
00.0%
2.48(.77) 25
Parentsofstudentsatourschooldonotencouragefruitandvegetableconsumption.
14.0%
14.0%
728.0%
14.0%
1560.0%
2.80(.79) 25
Classroomteachersdonotencouragefruitandvegetableconsumption.
312.0%
00.0%
312.0%
00.0%
1976.0%
2.00(1.10) 25
Principals/Administratorsdonotencouragefruitandvegetableconsumption.
520.0%
28.0%
14.0%
00%
1768.0%
1.50(.76) 25
Thereisnotenoughfinancialsupportatthedistrictleveltoofferavarietyoffruitsandvegetables.
728.0%
28.0%
28.0%
14..0%
1352.0%
1.75(1.10) 25
Wedonothaveenoughtrainingonhowtopreparefruitsandvegetables.
1560.0%
14.0%
14.0%
00.0%
832.0%
1.18(.53) 25
Wedonothaveenoughtrainingonhowtoencouragestudentstotakefruitsandvegetables
1038.5%
415.4%
519.2%
00.0%
726.9%
1.74(.87) 26
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78
Appendix29
School1LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 29: School 1 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 74Return to TOC
79
Appendix30School2LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 30: School 2 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 75Return to TOC
80
Appendix31School3LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 31: School 3 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 76Return to TOC
81
Appendix32School4LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 32: School 4 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 77Return to TOC
82
Appendix33School5LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 33: School 5 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 78Return to TOC
83
Appendix34School6LunchroomAssessmentPreandPostreport
Appendix 34: School 6 Lunchroom Assessment Pre- and Post-Report
Page 79Return to TOC
84
Appendix35
IowaLunchroomFoodProductionRecordTemplate
Appendix 35: Iowa Lunchroom Food Production Record Template
Page 80Return to TOC
85
Appendix36ProductionRecordsResultsSchool1
WeeklyProduction TotalVeg TotalFruit TotalMilk
Fall 1617 1569 1946Spring–April* 3876.75 2302.5 1581Spring–May 2265 1846 1357
*Weightedavgfora5dayweek
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
DarkGreen Red&Orange Beans,Peas,&Legumes
Starchy Others
#of
serv
ings
VegetableSubgroupsFallSpring- April
Appendix 36: Production Records Results School 1
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86
Appendix37ProductionRecordsResultsSchool2
*Nodataprovidedbyschoolsfor1%Whitemilkinthespring
WeeklyProduction TotalVeg TotalFruit TotalMilk
Fall* 835 936 837
Spring* 953 1134 1139
*Disclaimer:onlyfourdaysreportedinbothfallandspring
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
DarkGreen Red&Orange Beans,Peas,&Legumes
Starchy Other
#of
serv
ings
VegetableSubgroups Fall Spring
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
1%White SkimWhite SkimChocolate
#of
serv
ings
MilkSubgroupsFall Spring
Appendix 37: Production Records Results School 2
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87
Appendix38ProductionRecordsResultsSchool3
WeeklyProduction TotalVeg TotalFruit TotalMilk
Fall 696 240 372
Spring 298 107 238
0
50
100
150
200
250
DarkGreen Red&Orange Beans,Peas,&Legumes
Starchy Other
#of
serv
ings
VegetableSubgroups Fall Spring
020406080
100120140160180200
1%White SkimWhite SkimChocolate
#of
serv
ings
MilkSubgroups Fall Spring
Appendix 38: Production Records Results School 3
Page 83Return to TOC
88
Appendix39ProductionRecordsResultsSchool5
WeeklyProduction TotalVeg TotalFruit TotalMilk
Fall 2256.65 4523.5 2882Spring 2514.1 4068.5 3183
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
DarkGreen Red&Orange Beans,Peas,&Legumes
Starchy Other
#of
serv
ings
VegetableSubgroups Fall Spring
0200400600800
100012001400160018002000
1%White SkimWhite SkimChocolate
#of
serv
ings
MilkSubgroupsFall Spring
Appendix 39: Production Records Results School 5
Page 84Return to TOC
89
Appendix40ProductionRecordsResultsSchool6
WeeklyProduction
TotalVeg TotalFruit TotalMilkFall 1666 1531 2046
Spring* 1452.5 1390 2258.75
*Weightedavg.fora5dayweek
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1%White SkimWhite SkimChocolate
#of
serv
ings
MilkSubgroups Fall Spring
0100200300400500600700800900
DarkGreen Red&Orange Beans,Peas,&Legumes
Starchy Other
#of
serv
ings
VegetableSubgroups Fall Spring
Appendix 40: Production Records Results School 6
Page 85Return to TOC
90
Appendix41FoodServiceDirector/OtherAdult:PhoneInterviewGuide
Purpose:Toassesssuccessesandchallenges.Toidentifywhatcanbedonebetter.Hi,mynameisXandIamcallingfromtheUniversityofIowaPublicPolicyCenter.WeareconductinganevaluationoftheCommunicationandBehavioralEconomicsproject.Ifyouagreetoparticipateinthisstudywewouldlikeyoutocompleteaphoneinterviewthatwilllast20minutes.Wewillbeaskingyoutoshareyourperceptionsoftheprojectandsuggestionsonhowtoimprovetheprojectinthefuture.Ifyouagreetoparticipateinthisstudy,yourparticipationisvoluntaryandyoucanchoosetoendtheinterviewatanytime.Additionally,youmayskipanyquestionsyouprefernottoanswer.Thephoneinterviewwillberecorded,butwewillnotbecollectinganyidentifyinginformationaboutyou.Itwillnotbepossibletolinkyoutoyourresponses.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttherightsofresearchsubjects,pleasecontacttheHumanSubjectsOffice,105HardinLibraryfortheHealthSciences,600NewtonRd.,TheUniversityofIowa,IowaCity,IA52242,(319)335-6564oremailirb@uiowa.edu.Areyouwillingtoparticipateinthisstudy?Anyquestionsbeforewebegin?Iamnowturningontherecordingdevice.Introduction:FirstIwouldliketoknowalittleaboutyouandyourpositionwithintheschool.Howlonghaveyouworkedfortheschoolyouarecurrentlyemployedat?Whatisthenameofyourcurrentposition?Inordertogetabetterideaofyourroleasa<<insertnameofpositionhere>>>,tellmealittlebitaboutwhatyourjobentails?Whatdoesanaveragedaylooklikeforyou?Tellmeaboutyourexperienceswiththeproject.Whatdoyouthinkworked?Whatdidyouenjoy?Whatdidn’twork?Whatwerethebiggestchallenges?Didyoulearnanythingnew?(Probeforspecificexamples) Whatdidyouthinkaboutthewebinars?Whatwasyourfavoritewaytogetthetraining?In-person,throughwebinars,orconferencecalls?WouldyourecommendthesetrainingtoFSSatotherschools?NowIwouldliketoaskyouquestionsaboutyourexperiencesandperceptionsfromyourparticipationintheproject.
Appendix 41: Food Service Director/Other Adult: Phone Interview Guide
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91
?Inyouropinion,wasthisprojectsuccessful?Hasanythingimprovedinthelunchroom?What? Probe:Noticeanychangesinpurchasingbehavior,anychangesinstudentstaffinteractionsIwouldliketoknowmoreaboutyourthoughtsaboutworkingwiththestudentsduringthisproject.Whatwasitlikeworkingwiththestudents?Isthissomethingyouusuallydo?Explain.Didanythingthatthestudentssaidordidwhenworkingwithyousurpriseyou?Doyouthinkthestudentsyouworkedwithunderstandfoodservicemoreaccuratelyafterparticipatingintheprogram?Priortoworkingonthisproject,describeyourlevelofengagementwithstudentsattheschool.Willyoucontinuetoworkwithstudentsafterthisprojectisover?Howmuchinfluencedoyouthinkyourschoolcanhaveonstudentselectionofhealthierfooditemsduringschoollunch?Howmuchinfluencedoyouthinkyoucanhaveonstudentselectionofhealthierfooditemsduringschoollunch?FutureIdeas:TheremainingquestionsIhaveforyouaskaboutideasyoumighthaveforotherschoolsthatwoulddoasimilarprojectinthefuture.Ifweweregoingtoimplementthisprojectinanothermiddleschool’snextyear,whatadvicewouldyougiveplanners?(Probefortipsandideasforwhattheythoughtwouldimprovefutureprojects)AnythingelseyouwouldliketosharewithmebeforeIturnofftherecordingdevice?
Thankyouforparticipating!