cmc/cc a information visualization master ik, ciw, mmi l.m. bosveld-de smet mon. 20/11/06;...
TRANSCRIPT
CMC/CC A
Information Visualization
Master IK, CIW, MMI
L.M. Bosveld-de Smet
Mon. 20/11/06; 16.00-18.00
Information visualizationfor the general public
IV is moving out of research laboratories IV is reaching users
Examples: http://www.peets.com http://www3.cancer.gov/atlasplus http://www.sytadin.tm.fr
Information Visualization Tools
IV is still a novelty for many users Potential and limitations Reports of usability studies and controlled
experiments Faster task completion Reduced error rates
Measurable benefits Current evaluation practices
Current evaluation practicesPlaisant (2004)
Controlled experiments comparing design elements
Usability evaluation of a tool Controlled experiments comparing two or more
tools Case studies of tools in realistic settings
Three tree visualization tools
SpaceTree Hyperbolic Window Explorer
http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/members/cplaisant/ http://www3.sympatico.ca/blevis/thesis49prev.
html
Challenges
Matching tools with users, tasks and real problems
Improving user testing Addressing universal usability
Users, tasks and real problemsControlled experiment
Users: linguists with more or less knowledge of a specific domain
Task domain: linguistics, esp. syntax Real problems:
Are users able to identify constituents, dominance relations? Do users see that constituents are coordinated, are in
comparable positions? Research question: Which visualizations are suitable for
representing “3D natural language phenomena”? 2D tree visualizations 3D tree visualizations Pseudo 2D tree visualizations
Constituent
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
A constituent is a string of words such that there is one node that dominates those words and no other words.
Sam climbed up the ladder.
Sam picked up the ladder.
Coordination and movement tests
Applying the coordination test
Sam climbed [up the ladder] and [out the window]. *Sam picked [up a ladder] and [out some new boots].
Applying the movement test
[Up the ladder] Sam climbed. *[Up a ladder] Sam picked.
Coordination
Coordination involves the syntactic linking of two or more elements of equal status:
[John] and [Mary]
[up] and [down]
David [sings] and [plays guitar]
Coordination and conjunction reduction
John found the letter and Bill signed the letter. John found the letter and Bill signed the letter.
I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue. I gave a book to Mary and gave a letter to Sue.
Right Node Raising
SYNTAX: operation of reduction on coordinated clauses whose rightmost constituents are identical.
EXAMPLE: Right Node Raising derives the structure in b from the underlying structure in a by adjoining one copy of the identical constituents (the book) to the right of the sentence, and deleting the identical originals (indicated by e). a [[John saw the book] and [Bill bought the book]] b [[John saw ei ] and [Bill bought ei ]] the booki
The 3D phenomena in Dutch
Coordination De directeur bevordert Jansen of de Boer of de Vries. Zowel de zusjes Jansen als Joop en Klaas spijbelden.
Right Node Raising Joop haat, Piet bewondert, en Klaas verafgoodt partijleider Bos. Ik constateer dat Jansen een boek, Vos een CD en de Boer een
plant koopt.
Non-constituent Right Node Raising Joop wil voor, maar Piet na het ontbijt douchen. Jansen heeft drie en de Boer heeft vier doelpunten gemaakt.
The visualization types
2D tree 2D tree + meaningful color 3D tree 3D tree + meaningful color Pseudo 3D: D-plane
Syntactic analysismain clause
Syntactic analysissubordinate clause
Syntactic analysiscoordination
Voor nevenschikking maken we gebruik van een zogenaamde coördinatorgroep (CoP). In een haakjesstructuur:[CoP XP1 [Co' Co XP2]]
bv. Jan en Piet. Hierin is XP1 nevengeschikt aan XP2.(Voor de duidelijkheid: XP1 is Jan, Co is en, XP2 is Piet.)
2D tree
2D+ tree
3D tree
3D+ tree
2D plane
Visualization assignmentBeyond tree structures
What are other possible (non tree) visualizations for “3D natural language phenomena”?