clts training workshop- la paz, bolivia, · web viewsecond training workshop on community led total...
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CLTS training workshop- La Paz, Bolivia,
Index
2Index
3Background
4Acknowledgements
4Introduction
6Objectives:
6Learning activities
6Outcome of first CLTS triggering in Bolivia
8Community’s presentation of their plans of converting their villages ODF
9Group wise list of participants who triggered CLTS in different villages
11Second Training workshop on Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) or Saneamiento Total Impulsado por la Comunidad SANTOLIC) in Llallagua, Bolivia
11Introduction
12Workshop Schedule
12Day-I
13Day-II
13Day-III
17Day – IV
17Presentation by village communities and sharing of experience
20Comments of Municipal Engineer from Uncia
20Some Interesting Findings of the Facilitator Groups
22Major shifts needed from the traditional sanitation approach to CLTS/SANTOLIC
23Evaluation of the Llallagua CLTS Workshop
23Evaluative Comments of the participants
25Recommendations
27Meeting with the Vice Minister of Basic Services, Ministry of Urban Development, in La Paz
27Meeting with Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) Bolivia, La Paz and Video Conferences with WSP Lima, Peru
29Discussions and meetings with Plan Bolivia
36Annex-I
36Taller La Paz Metodologia SANTOLIC La Paz 6 de Dicembre de 2006
40Annex-II List of Participants in Llallagua CLTS workshop
Background
It was in 1999 when the no-subsidy CLTS approach was first innovated in a remote village in Bangladesh. Nearly six years have passed since then and the approach has now spread in at least ten countries in Asia and Africa. After its innovation I introduced it to Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, China (it is a non starter there), Uganda, Zambia, and Ethiopia. This time CLTS has been introduced for the first time in Latin America.
I was first invited by UNICEF Bolivia to come to Bolivia and introduce Community Led Total Sanitation approach there. Ms. Susana Sandoz of UNICEF Bolivia came to know about Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach from Dr. Ms. Nilanjana Mukherjee, Country Team Leader of WSP- East Asia and Pacific of the World Bank, Jakarta, Indonesia. Susana gathered all available information on CLTS approach and invited me to visit Bolivia and conduct hand on training on CLTS. The planning and negotiation for the very first training workshop on CLTS in Bolivia (first in Latin America) went on for a few months in the middle of 2006. At this stage the WSP-LAC, Lima Peru extended help and support for conducting the first training workshop on CLTS. WSP-LAC, Lima Peru supported my travel and participation in this workshop.
Finally I arrived in La Paz in the night of 2nd December after 32 hours of flight and transit from Calcutta, India. It was my first visit to any Latin American countries. I must say that I enjoyed my visit to Bolivia very much. It was a great and wonderful experience for me to introduce CLTS there and work with participants who came from different organizations of Bolivia, Brazil, Peru and the Chili to learn CLTS approach. I have also learned a lot from their experience. Although I had no knowledge of Spanish language, I must mention that I faced no difficulty in communicating with others in Urban and rural areas because of the help and support rendered to my by every one there especially the two kind ladies who helped me in interpretation.
I facilitated two workshops on CLTS during my three weeks stay there. The two workshops was participated by at least 70 participants. Community members from at least ten villages in and around La Paz and Llallagua actively participated in consultation, analysis and presentation. I was thoroughly impressed by the commitment and desire of the rural Bolivian communities to stop open defecation and clean up their own villages with collective local action.
Acknowledgements
I would like to convey my most sincere thanks and gratitude to Ms. Susana Sandoz, Ms. Maria Theresa and their colleagues of UNICEF Bolivia, Ms. Dilma Flores and her colleagues of WSP LAC, Bolivia, Ms. Jaya Sarkar, Country Director, and all the members of Plan Bolivia, especially, Mr. Carlos and Mr. Miguel. In fact the cooperation, help and support that were extended to me by Plan Bolivia staff of all levels are unforgettable. I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to Mr. François Brikkie, Regional Team Leader of WSP LAC at Lima Peru and all his colleagues for all the help and support rendered to me during my visit to Bolivia. It was possible for me to visit Bolivia and conduct the CLTS training workshops due to his support in this mission.
I must express my most sincere gratitude and thanks to Ms. Marcela and Ms. Martha for their tireless and continuous translation of all the discussions and presentations back and forth from Spanish to English and vise versa.
Finally, I must apologize for not mentioning the names of all persons who helped me directly and indirectly in conducting the two hands-on training workshops on CLTS in Bolivia. I was energized so much to see the level of commitment and the high degree of interest of all the participants of the workshop who contributed substantially. I would like to register my most sincere thanks to all of them.
Introduction
The first three day training cum orientation workshop on CLTS was held at the office of UNICEF Bolivia in La Paz. At least 60 participants had participated in the workshop of which there were at least 12 women.
The workshop participants tried to trigger CLTS in four different hamlets of two villages. One of the villages was a sparsely populated village mainly of farmers and livestock keepers. The other one had much higher density of population and was semi-urban in nature.
The villages were identified by Plan Bolivia from within their operational areas of activities. Plan did a brilliant job of offering a lot of logistics support in selection of villages which were not too fat from the workshop venue.
The first day was spent in the class room learning about CLTS approach, it’s methodology, tools of triggering CLTS in villages and group formation and strategy building for the next day’s field work. The day two was spent in facilitating community analysis of their own sanitation situation in villages. Four groups went to four different sub villages of two major villages and worked with communities.
The last day was spent in sharing the experiences of the groups and presentation by the rural communities who decided to stop open defecation through collective local action.
Most of the participants who joined the first short workshop in La Paz participated in the second workshop in Llallagua.
Objectives:
The three days workshop had the following objectives;
1. To expose the participants on the Community Led Total Sanitation approach, it’s origin, development, methodology spread and applicability in Bolivia
2. To impart knowledge and skills of facilitation of CLTS by the participants
3. Through field exercise triggering CLTS in villages and sharing experiences of selected communities with all other agencies interested in community led total sanitation.
4. Based on the first experience of CLTS triggering, developing a rough plan of action of introducing and implementing CLTS by the participating organizations for the next 3-4 months
About 60 participants from at least ten different organizations had participated in the three day training cum orientation workshop on CLTS. The participating organizations included; UNICEF, Bolivia, Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP), Bolivia and Peru, Plan International, Bolivia and Brazil, Save the Children Fund, US Peace Core volunteer, Bolivia, JICA, Banco Mudial, Sumaj Huasi, PROAPAC, CADEMCA, Bibosi- Montero, Water for People, Curpo de Paz, Prefectura el Alto, ANESAPA and three Bolivian NGOs
Learning activities
The first day of the training was spent in class room learning, day-II was spent in triggering of CLTS in four hamlets of two villages. On day-III, community consultation experience was shared and the new learning from the village work was distilled. The main highlight of day-III was the participation and presentation of plan of collective local action by the four village communities where CLTS was triggered.
Two to four members from the four communities were invited to present their experience of CLTS triggering and present their future plan of action if any.
Outcome of first CLTS triggering in Bolivia
There was quite a bit of excitements in two villages where CLTS has been triggered. In two other villages, triggering didn’t yield good result. However the community members from the non triggered villages were adequately sensitized by the presentation of other two communities. At the end of the day the two non triggered communities also committed to stop open defecating in their villages.
One of the villages (Patamanta) was semi-urban and the settlement was large. In the small town there was underground sewerage facility constructed earlier by the government department. Somehow the underground system was not fully utilized by the entire community who continued open defecation unabated. It was only during the CLTS triggering the community members got charged up and decided to take immediate action to stop OD. Many declared to connect their toilets with the main drain of the underground sewerage with their own expenses.
A promising community leader who emerged during the triggering process declared that he would discuss this issue with all the members of the community the next morning when they all will assemble for mass sweeping and cleaning up action. He promised to visit La Paz with his associates and make presentation of the community plan the next day.
The group that was led by Miguel …. Of Plan Bolivia did a wonderful work of community facilitation. Members of the same subdivided them in to two sub groups who gathered all the assembled children and school boys and girls of the village. A totally separate CLTS was exercise was triggered with the children.
It was fascinating to see the analysis of the children’s group. This group used heaps of soil to indicate the amount of human excreta deposited by each family everyday in the village. A big heaps was formed in the middle of the village map that shocked all present their.
At the end of the children’s CLTS exercise, it was unanimously decided that all the children would stop OD totally with immediate effect. They prepared slogans and posters urging the entire community to get rid of OD and do everything that was needed.
When the children’s group was engaged in their analysis and was taking a decision to end OD, there was a big debate going on in the adult’s group. While some people decided to stop OD with immediately, some were not sure as to what to do. While all agreed to stop OD, some were waiting for outsiders consent and help to initiate any collective local action. During this confusion the procession of the children entered the big hall where the adults were meeting and discussing. Each child carried a poster with a slogan that urged all to stop OD in mass. The entire climate changed immediately and everyone listened to the children’s presentation with rapt attention and soon a general decision was taken by all to stop OD.
Names of the field groups
Name of villages visited
Number of facilitators in the group
Akatangas
Chirioco
12
Hormigas Dinamita
Do
13
Jhama Pichiris
Patamanta
13
Jhamas
Do
15
All villages were located within Los Andes Province, department of La Paz, Bolivia
These villages were Plan Bolivia’s adopted villages and subsidized sanitation programmes were being implanted in these villages for quite some time in the past.
While three groups could trigger CLTS in their villages, it didn’t trigger in one where the communities said that they would need external financial support to construct toilets as the water table in the area was much higher. It was not easy to construct direct pit latrines by digging a hole in the ground. On the top of that there was a meeting somewhere near the village where most of the members of the community went to attend. The decided however to discuss the issue of stopping OD with the rest of the community at a later date.
All the groups did identify the possible Natural Leaders during the process of triggering CLTS and invited them to La Paz to present their respective community plans on … December.
Community’s presentation of their plans of converting their villages ODF
At least fifteen members from four communities came to UNICEF office in La Paz and made exciting presentations of their collective local actions to stop open defecation. The entire presentation session was very encouraging and the communities’ enthusiasm excited all the workshop participants.
The community that was not very sure about their collective local action towards stopping open defecation was also seriously encouraged to listen to the other community’s presentations.
All the three groups of community members made pictorial presentations of 10 “Defecation area maps” 2) Calculation of feces 3) Fecal Oral contamination route and their collective plan of actions. All participants applaud the community members for their wonderful presentation and collective decision.
Group wise list of participants who triggered CLTS in different villages
GRUPO 1
ACA TANCAS
1.- MARCELINO MAMANI
2.- JOHN CHAVARRIA
3.- MARIA HUARACHI
4.- OLGA VELASCO
5.- AMANDA VALENZUELA
6.- BONIFACIA LUCANO
7.- MARCO RODRIGUEZ
8.- MIGUEL PEMINTEL (Plan Bolivia)
GRUPO 2
HORMIGAS DINAMITA
1.- ABRAHAM ARUQUIPA
2.- RAFAEL ROMERO
3.- MARTHA COLQUE CHAMPA
4.- OLGA ARNEZ
5.- ANA AMADOR
6.- RAUL ANTELO
7.- IGNACIO MALDONADO
8.- GERMAN CASASSA
9.- OSCAR SUNTURA
10.- MARIO SANDY (Plan Bolivia)
11.- SUSANA SANDOZ
12.- CARLOS SUNTURA
13.- DAYSI ARAVENA
GRUPO 3
JAMA PICHIRIS
1.-CONSTANTINO POMA
2.-MIGUEL ANGEL MAMANI
3-PEDRO PADILLA (Plan Bolivia)
4.-MARCELA AGUIRRE
5.-GERARDO URDANIVIA
6.-ADRIANA MONTERO
7.-VICTORIANO CHOQUE
8.-CARMIÑA GALARZA
GRUPO 4
KJAMA No. 4
1.- TIM MAC FARREN
2.- PRISCILLA SOLIZ
3.- AMANDA ZARCO
4.- JOSE ANTONIO ZULETA
5.- MAX CANAZA MOLLO
6.- RICARDO NEVIA DE LA CRUZ
7.- DOV ROSENMANN (Plan Brasil)
8.- CARLOS SALINAS (Plan Bolivia)
9.- ENZO PORCEL AARNDIA
10.- JORGE LIZARAZU BLONDEL (Plan Bolivia)
11.- WALDO ALVARADO QUINTANA
12.- AGUSTIN AYCA MARAZA
13.- LOWRENCE DANIEL FARFAN GOMEZ
14.- MALVA ROSA BACKOVICH
15.- TEOFILO RODRIGUEZ CHACON
16. Lionel Tabdada Plan Bolivia
Second Training workshop on Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) or Saneamiento Total Impulsado por la Comunidad SANTOLIC) in Llallagua, Bolivia
(11th -14th December 2006)
Introduction
The second training workshop on CLTS was held at Llallagua from 11th to 14th December, 2006. A total of 28 professionals participated in the four days workshop when they triggered CLTS in eight communities. Excepting five new participants all the rest had participated in the La Paz workshop. There were … men and …. women participants who represented six different organizations of Bolivia. The participating organizations included, Plan, Bolivia, UNICEF, JAICA, PROAPAC-supported by GTZ, DESCOM, Municipalities of Llagua and Uncia, WSP Bolivia and ……
All the participants stayed at Llallagua hotel in town. The training venue was a hall belonged to a local NGO in the middle of the town. The local participants of the workshop met the local communities in advance and set up the time, venue and other logistics of the triggering meeting. Due to shortage of time lack of proper advance information was a deficiency in the La Paz workshop. This weakness was taken care of in Llallagua workshop as a result the participation of the local communities had been very good. The villages leaders were also informed in advance who arranged the community meetings in their respective village council halls.
Since majority of the participants had participated in the La Paz workshop who had a chance to learn and practice CLTS in villages, their performance was much better in the Llallagua workshop. The facilitation was much better, skillful and matured.
The facilitator groups visited remote villages in Llallagua and Uncia municipalities spread in the Andes mountain and worked with the large and small communities. A wide range of diversity and learning emerged from these triggering exercises.
It was fascinating to see the responses of the rural communities wherever the facilitator groups visited and triggered CLTS. Almost all the selected communities had previous history of receiving huge outside dole and subsidy. Free money was distributed and toilets were constructed in large numbers which were hardly used by them. Open defecation was going on unabated almost everywhere. In some villages UNICRF, Plan International, World Vision implemented subsidized sanitation programme for more that 15- 20 years. At the end some participants said that what we couldn’t achieve over many years could be initiated within only 3-4 hours of community facilitation.
Workshop Schedule
The four days workshop had classroom learning and sharing sessions and village facilitation and face to face interaction with the communities. Two days were spent in field work when the groups of participants triggered CLTS in different communities. The following are the day wise description of activities:
Day-I
I had meeting with the Mayors of Lllagua and Uncia at their respective offices which were very productive and encouraging.
The Mayor/ Senor Alkalde, Mr. Juan Taquichiri was very positive about the introduction of CLTS approach in his Municipality and assured all help and support. He described the revolutionary past and the history of the Municipality which was known as a famous mining district all over the world. Describing the past heritage of the town in mining industry, he mentioned that the city lost its charms and became a neglected place. In 1985 many people fled the town and there was a down fall in the mining industry. He also said that after 1985 repopulating the city began. The town started becoming popular again and many people were coming back to the city as the cost of living was lower as compared to other cities like Santa Cruz, Cochabamba. The University of Mining Engineering and Dentistry are both located in Llallagua. The present population of the city was 40,000.
Senor Alkalde Mr. Constinto of Uncia town was very positive and enthusiastic about the introduction of the CLTS methodology in his municipality. He ensured all help and support to the workshop and the trial of CLTS in a few selected villages in the municipality.
First day of the workshop was held in the class room in …….. in Llallagua city. There were 5 new participants in the workshop. All the rest of the participants had participated in La Paz workshop.
Day-II
The workshop participants visited the following four villages in small groups and triggered CLTS:
Group
Village visited
Members of the facilitating team
Status after triggering CLTS
1 Akasiki
Toluyo
Triggered. Community decided to stop OD by
3 Jamapichiris
(shit cleaners)
Vinto
2 Llallaguitas
Llallaguitia
4Chaskas (star)
Pata Pata
Day-III
The third of the workshop was spent in sharing experiences of day –II and distilling the new learning. All the four groups presented their findings and described the process of facilitation in details. The difficulties encountered in facilitation and the way they were handled was also discussed.
There was in depth video analysis on attitudes and behaviors of the facilitators including their body language and eye contacts with the members of the communities during the facilitation.
The major shift from the traditional approach to rural sanitation to CLTS approach was also discussed.
The nine Departments of Bolivia located in the three main geographical regions are as follows:
Altiplano
La Paz, Oruro and Potosi
Valley
Cochabamba, Tarja and Chaquisaca
Tropics
Santa Cruz, Beni and Pando
Members of the community from CLTS/ SANTOLIC triggered villages presenting their village sanitation profile and plans of actions to stop open defecation
Listeners are those who couldn’t totally eliminate open defecation from rural areas putting many years of efforts, using massive professional knowledge & skills and spending awesome amounts of money.
Community’s perceptions of contamination and spread of human excreta
Members of the community engaged in mapping their village and the sanitation profile. Allowing time to community to reflect and internalize their own analysis is an essential element of CLTS facilitation. Skillful facilitation could generate high degree of enthusiasm and might in to fast triggering. Every facilitator has his or her own style of facilitation.
Facilitators are engaging the children while their parents are deeply concentrating in sanitation profile analysis
Children’s presentation of their analysis of sanitation profile and the fecal oral contamination routes to the large group of adults always made a big difference in quickly conveying the message. Children’s presentations always hastened up the process of arriving at a collective community decision to stop open defecation totally. This is a very powerful method which worked very well in Bolivia.
In almost all the CLTS triggering exercises wherever the facilitators engaged the children in separate group analysis followed by large group presentation, it contributed in immediate triggering of collective local action. Plan International and the UNICEF have special expertise in working with the children all over the world. Facilitators of Plan Bolivia, UNICEF, Save the Children Fund, PROPAC and many other agencies who work with the children could evolve innovative ideas of engaging children in CLTS triggering. These innovative ideas of facilitation and triggering should be documented, disseminated and shared amongst other agencies using CLTS approach. I have noticed a natural flair of innovation amongst many of the participants of the two workshops held in Bolivia. Some of these are mentioned in this report.
Day – IV
The last day of the workshop was full of activities and the different groups of participants had pressure to manage everything in time.
The first half of the morning was spent in village triggering work in new villages which were all arranged earlier. All the four groups returned to Llallagua late in the afternoon and had quick lunch. After the lunch a general meeting with presentation from the different CLTS triggered communities was planned. Members from at least ten different communities came and participated in the sharing session.
In addition to the rural communities, there were official members from the two Municipalities of Llallagua and Uncia. Amongst the visitors there were Municipal Engineers, and Community Development officers.
Including the participants and the invited members of the different CLTS triggered communities and other visitors the size of the audience was quite large. There were local journalists from the electronic and print news media.
Presentation by village communities and sharing of experience
Ms. Alcida of UNICEF Bolivia welcomed everybody especially the members of different communities who came to present their plans of action of total sanitation.
Mr. Oscar of UNICEF made the opening remarks and heartily welcomed the community members who came mostly from the surrounding areas Llallagua. He also described the conditions of the northern parts of Potosi, Oruro, La Paz, and Tareza. Mr. Oscar then described the entire workshop process and the schedule that was followed. Mr. Francisco Anca Civil Engineer from the Municipality of Uncia was welcomed.
Dr. Kamal Kar made a presentation on the genesis, rationale, and international overview of Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS).
After a brief introduction of the members of all the communities, the presentation by the rural communities began. All the groups made a fascinating presentation with a lot of humor. Each group presented the analysis of the present sanitation profile of their respective villages followed by the plan of action of cleaning up of their villages.
1. Llallaguita village: The community presenter spoke very high about the old heritage and the glory of the past of the village. He then repented by saying that their existing sewerage system doesn’t work and only a few families had toilets. Most of the members of the community go out and defecate in the open. No one likes to live in the middle of human shit. They declared that by the New Year they would declare their village as “Zero shit” or ODF. He further informed that all the members of the community were gathering stones and were making mud bricks. Many said that they would wait for the rain to come to be able to start making mud bricks (ADOBE). The presenter said that they would take two weeks time to construct toilets made of mud bricks. He further reported that the community has decided to cover the shit with ash with immediate effect. They felt that ash would help in making good manure and they would also separate urine from the feces.
2. Vinto village presenters said bluntly that the entire community shit around the river bed and the ‘Akatankas’ (big insect) move our shit all over the place. “After the triggering exercise we have realized that we have been living in the middle of shit for many years”. “We have no latrines and we don’t have enough money”. “We have decided to organize ourselves and build toilets”. “We will use our traditional “Choko” (Self Help community groups) to accomplish this work”. This was a great presentation that energized all.
3. Tolio village: Without any hesitation this community presenter said “we realized from SANTOLIC that we have been eating each other’s shit.” “If we could confine the shit make it fly proof we would no longer be eating each other’s shit”. “We were very much ashamed to know our own act of sanitation and we will build toilets in the next two weeks”. “Some of us have already started constructing toilets and a few who had toilets but never used have started cleaning and repairing them to start using them again”.
4. Pata Pata village community presented a very nice and detail map of the village, indicating all the houses, roads, areas of open defecation, water sources, hillocks, school etc. They mentioned that their school had no teachers. He further mentioned that they had three bathrooms cum toilets which were very dirty and filthy. The passers by people shit around those as they can’t go inside the toilets which were full of shit. The presenter mentioned that these were the place full of flies and flies breed there. Village chickens go there to eat shit and flies/maggots. Passers by step on shit and bring them home. “Now we are aware and are ashamed of our style of living. We all live in shit” “How can we change is our immediate thought. We have decided to dig holes from tomorrow. I have already dug a hole which is 1 sq. meter on the top and 1.8 meter deep. I will build my design of toilet. 29 of us had participated in the triggering exercise.” The presenters also said that they were going to use the locally available ‘Lakha’ (meaning flat stone plates) stones for building their toilets. They further mentioned that instead of purchasing costly wood for toilet construction, they would use lakha stones which are available in plenty. They said thet they would build a little house on the top of the toilet pit after the monsoon. For the time being they would cover the hole with a plastic sheet or straw until the superstructure is built. The community declared that they would build all toilets within next two weeks. Some of the very interesting comments of the presenter were that; “We can’t think straight as we are eating shit till now.” “We eat so much and straight go out to shit. We even shit next to our homes at night ”
5. Community members from the Sca Sca village said that they had 30 households who decided to construct home made toilets within next two weeks. Everyone signed up in public and commited to finish the construction of pit latrine very soon.
6. Lawa Lawa village had 34 households who decided to initiate collective local action. On an average each family had three children. The major livelihoods of the people were cultivation of green beans, potato etc and the men worked in mines and in brick kilns.
7. The community members reported that they had called all the members of the community by blowing a whistle and that is what they were going to do in the future. If some one didn’t listen, they would collectively decide to disconnect his water pipe line.
8. They further reported that when the CLTS triggering was going on, a pet dog came and ate human shit in front of all community members who were present their. This scene was awful and awakened everyone in the community. Every one decided jointly to construct home made toilets by using locally available stones. They reported that they have convened a big village meeting the next day to take further action in this regards. The village Chief reported that if any family doesn’t comply with the collective community decision, they would be punished.
9. Chiriguana village has 30 households. The village leader reported that he had asked the members of the community to carry bricks and start construction of toilets. Some 18 people had toilets who inspired others and the community declared to declare the entire village ODF by March 2007.
10. In Juo Juo village the CLTS triggering was not good and it failed to initiate any serious local collective action. The community was not well informed and most of the women who participated were not very interested as the venue of the meeting was also not very good.
Natural Leaders and Natural Community Engineers are presenting their ideas of construction of low cost toilets using locally available materials in village gathering. Whose Knowledge and Ideas counts? Ours or theirs?
Comments of Municipal Engineer from Uncia
· “We have to seriously think in terms of changing the style of working that we have been doing with UNICEF”
· “we have to develop strategy to spread this idea to hundreds of villages from this first few SANTOLIC villages”
· “With UNICEF we-Uncia Municipality have built hundreds of Ecological Latrines but 80% of those were never used”
· It is very important to understand this ‘Zero shit’ idea
Some Interesting Findings of the Facilitator Groups
All the groups of facilitators were adequately empowered to try out their own style and technique of triggering CLTS in villages in addition to those they learnt in the class room that would generate a sense of disgust, shame and would lead towards a collective decision to stop open defecation.
Some groups tried out new ways and shared those in the plenary presentation.
1. Shaking hands smeared with yellow powder
2. Demonstration with three glasses of water (mixed with Salt, Sugar and Shit)
3. Arranging separate triggering session with the children and bringing children’s procession to the adults triggering session
Some important suggestions put forward by the facilitators groups were as follows:
· We must know about the community before visiting them for triggering CLTS
· We must have prior discussion with the community leaders and Union members in advance so that the entire community is informed before hand
· Facilitators must be able to speak the local languages fluently
· Adults and children must be involved in the triggering process
“That’s all. Thank you very much for sharing your sanitation profile with great visual analysis with us.” “We would like to go now” Please feel free to continue open defecation as you have been doing since ages. Please don’t misunderstand us as sales agents of toilet materials and pans.” Good CLTS facilitators never ask communities to stop open defecation or suggest toilet models. They only facilitate and only when the community decides to stop open defecation, and ask for suggestions, facilitators share experiences of other rural communities’ of low cost toilet construction. Our work in CLTS is not to preach, provide, suggest, prescribe, or direct. All these were done for decades and it didn’t work. Leave the community to decide on their own. Facilitating a high quality analysis of sanitation profile is our work. If that is done well, the rest is moved by the community spontaneously. We intervene only when they start moving and honestly demand our technical support and help in linkage building with outside world. We never talk of subsidy or any free supply of materials.
Major shifts needed from the traditional sanitation approach to CLTS/SANTOLIC
Areas of major shift
Traditional Sanitation Approach
CLTS/SANTOLIC Approach
Major emphasis given on
Toilet construction
Empowerment of people
Mode of learning (Entrega)
Verbal
Visual
Role of community
Passive recipient of ideas, technologies and subsidies
Active analysts and innovators
Toilet designs are those of
Out side engineers
Insiders and community engineers (Ingenieros Inatos)
Indicators of measurement of change
Number of toilets built
Number of ODF communities
Major inputs
Sanitary hardware, subsidies those are expensive
Software/ training and capacity building
Outsider’s role
Teaching, advising, prescribing and supplying hardware
Facilitating a process of change and empowerment
Major outcome
Increased number of latrines
ODF communities and no shit in the open
Outsider’s attitude, motive and intention towards insiders
Helping, donating, philanthropic
Agents of triggering local empowerment and initiators of collective local action
Evaluation of the Llallagua CLTS Workshop
The five day CLTS workshop was evaluated by the workshop participants at the end. The evaluation was carried out in a non conventional manner. On five corners of the training hall five posters were pasted which said “bellow 25%”, “25- 40 %”, “40-60%”, “60- 80 %” and “80 % and above”. All the participants were asked to stand in the middle of the training hall and the following questions were asked in a sequence. After each question they were asked to move to the respective poster of their choice on the wall. This would reflect their scoring on a particular question asked to them.
The questions and the scoring done by the participants are as follows:
Evaluation Question
Less than 20%
20-40 %
40-60%
60-80%
80% and above
To what extent your expectations from the workshop have been fulfilled?
-
-
2
14
9
To what extent the concept of CLTS is clear to you?
-
-
-
2
23
To what extent your knowledge and applicability of CLTS has improved or clarified?
-
-
-
2
23
How do you rate your facilitation skills of CLTS in villages?
-
-
3
21
1
To what extent do you think the learning from the workshop is going to be useful in your work?
-
-
-
3
22
Overall how do you rate the success and effectiveness of the workshop?
-
-
-
4
21
To what extent do you feel confident in triggering CLTS in your area?
-
-
1
14
10
Evaluative Comments of the participants
After the end of the evaluation scoring on the above questions the participants were asked to make any other comments on the workshop. Some of the major comments are as follows:
· Lack of training materials particularly in Spanish was mentioned as one of the weaknesses.
· The workshop gave us adequate knowledge and understanding on triggering of CLTS but not enough on post-training follow-up.
· During the few days of CLTS training we could make a great impact on the communities
· WE have gained much more than our expectations
· Since 199 different alternative approach to sanitation has been applied but we have virtually achieved nothing. But in the last four days we have been able to create a great impact.
Recommendations
In view of the outcome of the two CLTS workshops and the series of meeting and discussions I had with the participants of the workshop, members of the communities, officials and Minister of the government, NGO functionaries and the UNICEF and WSP-World Bank the following major recommendations are made:
1. It could be said for sure that CLTS approach would be successful in Bolivia. The CLTS triggering exercises carried out in at least fifteen villages and the enthusiasm demonstrated by the rural communities clearly proved that, CLTS would be successful in Bolivia if an enabling environment is ensured and no subsidy approach is followed.
2. What is needed at the very moment is to ensure all necessary follow up to develop at least ten- twelve show cases of Community Led Total Sanitation villages as live demonstrations. In other words the villages where triggering has been done need to be cleaned up by the respective community through their collective local action. These villages would serve as live demonstration for the communities from the neighboring and distant villages. Once a few ODF villages are created by the local communities, it would be much easier to understand and explain what CLTS means.
3. It is important to develop live demonstration villages of CLTS in all the three geographical zones of Bolivia. All the villages selected for CLTS triggering were in Alti plano (mountainous) region of Bolivia. It is suggested to trigger CLTS in Valley and Tropics/ Amazon plains regions as well. The population density and other social and natural factors of all the three regions vary greatly. However the poverty is quite acute in the high alto regions and generally people felt that if it works in the Alto region it is likely to work in all other regions of Bolivia.
4. I would strongly recommend that a core team of CLTS trainers at the national and province levels need to be developed as early as possible. I have already recommended a few names from amongst the workshop participants who could be inducted in the national level core team. In the future these core team members’ services could be utilized in conducting training of CLTS facilitators within and out side Bolivia.
5. Participants from Plan International Bolivia made substantial contribution in both the workshops. The number of participants from Plan Bolivia was also large as compared to participants from other agencies. I would suggest Plan to develop at least three teams of CLTS trainers/ resource teams for the three geographical regions in Bolivia. The Plan trainers should develop example ODF villages in all their programme areas. I would expect emergence of trainer teams from within Plan Bolivia who could render training and support in introducing CLTS in neighboring countries of Bolivia. The demand for CLTS is likely to grow in Peru, Brazil, Chilly, Venezuela, and Guatemala.
6. It is recommended to invite all the participants of the two workshops in a refresher training and experience sharing workshop some time in April or May 2007. By the time it is expected that at least 30-40 villages would be declared ODF. Selected Natural Leaders from the ODF villages would also be invited in that sharing meeting. New learning generating from within Bolivia would be distilled and documented for wider dissemination in the country and within Latin America.
7. A user’s manual/guideline on CLTS would then be developed by incorporating the unique learning and location specific experiences. In this way the user’s manual will contain example of CLTS with strong local flavor from Bolivia.
8. I would suggest that a separate workshop be arranged to develop facilitator’s guideline/manual on CLTS totally based on Bolivian experience. Such guideline cum manual would also be useful in Peru and other Latin American countries for scaling up of CLTS.
Meeting with the Vice Minister of Basic Services, Ministry of Urban Development, in La Paz
I had a very useful and encouraging meeting with the Honorable Minister of Basic Services of Bolivia. Mr. …. Minister was very open to any approach of total sanitation. While he accepted the large scale failure of subsidized sanitation approaches of the past in Bolivia, he stressed on the urgent need a community Led Total Sanitation Campaign for improving the conditions of living of poor people of rural and urban areas.
He said that we should try out CLTS approach in selected locations and based on the outcome of this approach we would decide later as to whether or not to scale it up in Bolivia.
I made a power-point presentation of the CLTS approach to the honorable Minister.
The Minister wished all success to the two CLTS workshops.
I would suggest holding a national level meting of the concerning ministries, departments and NGOs sometime in May 07 to initiate discussion on strategy building on total sanitation. By the time it is expected that some good lessons on potential of CLTS in Bolivia would be learnt. It would then be necessary to arrange visits to the successful CLTS villages by the national level policy makers and senior government officers to interact with the ODF communities face to face and know detail about the approach.
Meeting with Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP) Bolivia, La Paz and Video Conferences with WSP Lima, Peru
I had at least two Video Conferences and meetings with WSP- Bolivia and WSP-LAC Peru. In the two VCs discussions were held with Francois Brikkie Regional Team Leader of WSP Lima, Peru and others. The first VC was held on 4th December and the second mission wrap up meeting was held on 14th December after the end of two training workshops. Ms. Susana Sandoz of UNICEF, Bolivia, Ms. Dilma Flores of WSP La Paz, Bolivia, Mr. Oscar of WSP, Bolivia, Ms. Malba Rosa of WSP Peru, Ms. Marcela and Ms. Martha were present in the Video Conference.
The entire mission activities over the last two weeks were reviewed. The following decisions were taken:
· The mission report will be written and submitted by me, which will contain recommendations on the way forward after triggering of CLTS in at least 12 villages of Bolivia and a rough outline on scaling up strategy.
· All the available materials related to CLTS experience from different countries would be made available to WSP Bolivia as soon as possible. I will help WSP Bolivia to have access to all the available information. I will request IDS, WSP SA, New Delhi, WSP-Islamabad, WSP-Dhaka, Bangladesh, WSP-EAP, Jakarta, UNICEF Phnom Penh, and Kalyani Municipality, West Bengal (for Urban CLTS) to send their available materials to WSP, La Paz and Lima.
· It has been decided that efforts will be made by WSP Bolivia to initiate a website in Spanish to share experiences and recent development on CLTS in the region. It has also been suggested to start the website from within the Ministry of Basic Services in La Paz. It seems there is already a departmental News Letter. Mr. Enrique Torico of the Ministry also agreed to this proposal.
· It was decided that UNICEF Bolivia will take the lead in documenting the outcome and process of the first two workshops on CLTS in Bolivia for sharing with other interested institutions and individuals within Bolivia and the neighboring countries. This will be written in Spanish.
· It was also agreed that at lest three short video documents could be developed by editing the footage taken at different times of the two training workshops. More than 5-6 hours of footage is available with the cameraman who was covering the events in La Paz and in Llallagua. The three short videos could be 1) A total document on “What is CLTS?” 2) A training video on CLTS and 3) A short video on local community’s collective action after triggering of CLTS. This could be used as extension material to show other communities.
· It was agreed that a full time staff will be hired by WSP to manage and coordinate all the work related to CLTS. The person would be recruited by WSP-LAC to be based in La Paz.
· A follow up training for all the facilitators trained in the first two CLTS workshops would be arranged sometime in late March or in early April. During this time the progress of CLTS in Bolivia would be reviewed, new challenges discussed and efforts to institutionalize CLTS would be framed. WSP-LAC agreed to support such initiative of UNICEF.
· The participating organizations decided to introduce CLTS in their respective institutions as soon as possible and all of them agreed to develop at least 3-5 villages ODF villages. It is expected that at least 15-25 villages would emerge as ODF.
I would strongly recommend introduction of CLTS in rural and urban areas of Peru as well. It was informed by Francois that WSP Peru would soon initiate a bench marking on poverty and sanitation profile in five urban locations of Lima. I would suggest using participatory approach/methodology in this exercise in order to avoid an exercise of information extraction only but also triggering some kind of collective community awareness.
I would also suggest extending help and support to Plan Brazil who is highly interested to introduce CLTS there. Mr. Dove Rossenmann of Plan Brazil has had some communication in this regards with Mr. Francoia Brikkie of WSP Peru. The scope of CLTS in Latin American countries is enormous.
Discussions and meetings with Plan Bolivia
I had at lest three meetings and very useful discussions with the senior officials of Plan Bolivia. Ms. Jaya Sarkar, Country Director, Ms. Silvia, Programme Support Manager and Mr. Carlos WATSAn Coordinator of Plan Bolivia participated in the meeting of 16th December, Saturday, when we discussed a few very important issues and agreed on actions in order to scale up CLTS in Bolivia in particular and in Latin America in general. These are as follows:
· It was agreed that Plan Bolivia would ensure follow up support to all the four villages near La Paz where CLTS has been triggered by the La Paz CLTS workshop participants. Collective local actions have already been initiated by two communities and the other two have promised local action to end open defecation soon. However high water table in the village hamlets of Chirioco was reported to be a serious problem. The communities suggested their own technique to deal with that problem. It is suggested to allow the community to move ahead initially and then technical support could be extended. It is expected that with continued follow up the four communities would make good progress and would stop open defecation.
· It was decided in the La Paz and in Llallagua training workshops that all the six participants of Plan Bolivia would initiate CLTS pilots in their respective areas of work through triggering in at least five villages each. It is expected that at least 30-40 villages would emerge as ODF villages within the next few months.
· It was agreed that Plan Bolivia would extend all support to keep a track of all the changes taking place in villages where CLTS have been triggered during the two workshops.
· I had requested Plan Bolivia to keep a good record and document the process of changes in all villages from the day of triggering till the day they achieve ODF status. This would be extremely important in drawing new lessons in Bolivianising CLTS. Owing to limited process documentation capacity of Plan Bolivia Ms. Jaya Sarkar, (CD, Plan Bolivia) requested me to explore the possibility of arranging at least 2-3 graduate/Post graduate students/trainees from IDS/Sussex who might be interested in such interesting work of CLTS process documentation if possible. She said that Plan Bolivia would provide small subsistence allowance and accommodation for the graduate students/trainees (Spanish speaking) who could stay in Plan working areas or in La Paz. If interested graduate students were found, they could also study and document the work of CCCD and IMCI (Community Managed Water Programme) programmes of Plan Bolivia. Such exposure would enhance their job opportunities and career. Ms. Sarkar also offered such opportunities for graduate students in other Latin American countries as well. Ms. Jaya Sarkar is going to take over the responsibilities of Deputy Regional Chief of Plan Countries in Latin America and would be based in Panama City. I am sure this would enhance the possibilities of spreading CLTS in other Plan countries in Latin America. I agreed to discuss any such possibilities with Dr. Lyla Meheta and Professor Robert Chambers of IDS soon. At this point I informed Plan about the IDS/DFID CLTS research initiative, initiated recently.
· In view of the great deal of interest created amongst the participants of the two workshops and the growing demand for more materials on CLTS, it has been agreed to explore all possibilities to start a web site on CLTS in Spanish language. I informed all participants about the IDS website on CLTS (English) and it was requested to have a page or two on Spanish in CLTS hot topics. I said that I would discuss this with Robert Chambers, Lyla Meheta and Petra Bongartz.
· I informed Plan Bolivia about the regional CLTS training workshop to be held in Tanzania from 12th February at Dar-Es-Salaam. On my suggestions, it was agreed that the following participants from Plan Bolivia would be sent to participate in Tanzania workshop if invited. I assured them that I would discuss this with Dr. Khairul Islam and Mr. Amsalu of Plan Regional office at Johannesburg in South Africa as soon as possible. It would be really very good if a few selected trainers/ facilitators from Plan Bolivia (who participated in Llallagua and La Paz workshops as well) could come and join the Tanzania workshops as well. I suggested the following names that have the potentials to become future “Core Trainers of CLTS” in Bolivia. The names are: Carlos Salinas, WATSAN and Chagas Coordinator, and Miguel Pemintel, Chagas Coordinator in Sucre office of Plan. It was suggested that Mr. Mathew Carlson, Regional Programme Support Manager of Latin American Countries be invited to Tanzania workshop as well. Plan Latin America might also arrange such regional workshops in the future. I would also suggest inviting Dove Rosenmann from Plan Brazil as well.
· I had also suggested a number of other training and training related activities to build capacities for the core team of CLTS trainers within Plan Bolivia. My suggestion was to build a ten member team of core CLTS trainers. It is expected that the demand for CLTS training in Latin American countries would increase abruptly. It was evident from the Video Conference I attended in WSP World Bank office in La Paz on 14th December that was held between Bolivia, Peru and the Washington DC that a few other countries in the region were showing interest on CLTS such as Peru, Nicaragua. If adequate efforts are not being made right from now, it would be very difficulty to cater to the growing training need on CLTS. Since Spanish language is spoken in most countries of Latin America, Bolivia could take a lead in training and capacity building on CLTS in the region. Lack of well trained trainers would enhance spread of poor quality CLTS.
· My suggestions on the above included: 1. Cross visit to countries where CLTS is being implemented. 2. Developing linkages with producers of low cost sanitary materials in the private sectors, 3. Translating material on CLTS in to Spanish language, 4. Starting a web page on CLTS in Spanish, 5. Developing a few Natural Leaders who could do a good job of triggering CLTS within Bolivia. 6. Developing a few very good training and learning CLTS communities in all the three different ecological regions of Bolivia such as; Altiplano, Valley and the Tropics. These ODF communities could be used as learning laboratories for CLTS in action where the successful communities could demonstrate their style of achieving ODF status to other visitors from outside.
· On the issue of developing a working guideline and user’s manual for the Plan front line staff, I had suggested to wait for a few months till the first batch of few villages are turned in to ODF by the respective communities. It was suggested to convene a workshop at the national level sometime in late March or early April when, participants from different pilot areas could come and share their new learning from the first batch of field trials. In Indonesia we took one and half years to rub things very well, and documented the new learning before starting the work of user’s manual. By then it is expected that there would be a lot of good lessons learnt in Bolivian context and in the context of Alti Plano, Valley and Tropical areas. Compiling these new components, the manual would be developed.
· It is seen that most participants of the two workshops couldn’t speak Imara or Ketchwa languages in villages. They spoke only Spanish where as the community in all villages didn’t quite understand Spanish. Therefore, it is also suggested to develop a team of trainers from amongst the Ketchwa/ Imara speaking trainers of Plan Bolivia. Miguel Pemintel is not only a very good facilitator but is fluent in Ketchwa language. My two interpreters (Spanish to English) had also no clue of Ketchwa language. In fact in many places three stage translations were going on. Though some members of the community understood Spanish, they mostly spoke the local language and were very spontaneous when Ketchwa was spoken.
I would recommend a full fledged training workshop on CLTS approach for all the interested Plan countries of Latin America sometime in April/ May 2007. By the time many show case ODF villages would emerge in Bolivia. It would also be good to start thinking on a regional strategy of sanitation for the Plan countries of LAC.
List of Participants of the La Paz CLTS workshop
N°
NOMBRE
INSTITUCIÓN
CARGO
CORREO ELECTRÓNICO
1
RONNY VEGA
ANESAPA
GERENTE GENERAL
2
SUSANA SANDOZ
UNICEF
OFICIAL AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO
3
XIMENA RESNIKOWSKI
PAS- BANCO MUNDIAL
ASISTENTE
4
GIOVANA PÉREZ
INTERVIDA
RESPONSABLE DE ÁREA
organizació[email protected]
5
BETTY SOTO
SNY
ASESORA
6
GLORIA LIZÁRRAGA
ADIM LA PAZ
DIRECTORA
Gloria4 @zuper.net
7
FERNANDO ABASTOFLOR
CONSULTOR
8
DOV ROSENMANN
PLAN-BRASIL
GERENTE
9
CARLOS SALINAS
PLAN
COORDINADOR AGUA
10
JOSÉ A. ZULETA
UNICEF
OFICIAL DE AGUA
11
OSCAR CHINO CHOQUE
UNICEF
CONSULTOR AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO
12
SEDOBA G. JALDÍN
F.P.S
EJECUTOR DESCOM
13
CARLOS SUNTURA
F.S.H.
GERENTE GENERAL
14
ISABEL ASCARRUNZ
ASDI
OFICIAL DE AGUA
isabelascarrunz@jalivo
15
MARGOT FRANKEN
RESPONSABLE DE CALIDAD AMBIENTAL
16
LIONEL TABOADA
PLAN ALTIPLANO
COORDINADOR AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO
17
FRANCISCO ROJAS
UNICEF
18
KAREN SANJINÉZ
JICA
COORDINADORA NACIONAL AGUA Y SANEAMIENTO
19
PABLO CALISAYA
JICA
ADMINISTRADOR ASVI
20
SILVIA AGUILAR
CARE
GERENTE SEAS
21
ALFREDO TERRAZAS
FUNDACIÓN SUMAJ HUASI
DIRECTOR EJECUTIVO
22
SILVIA NOLE
PLAN
GERENTE DE PROGRAMA
23
M.CRISTINA RODRIGUEZ
CONSEJO DE SALUD RURAL A
ASISTENTE DIRECTOR EL ALTO
24
JAVIER ABOSTO
COLEGIO DE ARQUITECTOS
25
HENRY HERNÁNDEZ
OPS/OMS
CONSULTOR SALUD AMBIENTAL
26
ENRIQUE TORRICO
VICEMINISTERIO DE SERVICIOS BÁSICOS
PROFESIONAL I
27
FELIZE FERNÁNDEZ
SAVE THE CHILDREN
DIRECTOR DE PROGRAMA
28
NORAH QUICAÑA
FUNDASAB
VOCAL
29
VICTOR RICO
FUNDASAB
30
YOLANDA ORGAZ
ACRA
RESP.SOCIAL
31
ALFONSO ESPINAL
ACRA
RESPONSABLE DE PROYECTO
32
CHIARA PERUCCA
ACRA
ANTROPOLOGA
33
GAIA SERAO
MASTER HUMAN DEVELOP &FOOD SECURITY
34
FERNANDO CABALLERO
PROAGUAS
GERENTE
35
MERY QUITÓN
PROAPAC
COORDINADORA TÉCNICA
36
SUSANA MANGUDO
PROAPAC
COMUNICADORA
37
CARLA MÁRQUEZ
MSD
JEFE DE UNIDAD
38
RODOLFO NUÑEZ
MSD
PROMOCION
39
MARCO QUIROGA
PAS/BM
CONSULTOR
40
L. SANABRIA
LAND AND WATER BOLIVIA
GERENTE TÉCNICO
41
PEDRO GUTIERREZ
FUNDACIÓN BIO BOLIVIA
SECRETARIO GENERAL
42
PATRICIA MONTECINOS
SISAB
ASESORA COMUNICACIÓN
43
JUAN BOLIVAR
PREFECTURA
DIRECTOR DSBVI
bolivarivan@latinmil
44
GERMÁN CASASSA
PREFECTURA DSBVI
TÉCNICO
45
OLGA ARNÉZ
SUMAJ HUASI
CONSULTORA
46
MALVA BACKOVICH
PAS-LIMA
COORDINADORA
mbackovich@tango
47
ELIZABETH FLORES
FPS
CONSULTORA
48
ELISER ROCA
MIN DEL AGUA
ANALISTA
49
PATRICIA HERRERA
PROCOSI
ESPECIALISTA VIV
50
ELEONORA SIMEONE
ACRA
51
ZULEMA TORREZ
FHI
COORDINADORA NACIONAL PROGRAMA
52
MARIA TERESA FLORES
UNICEF
CONSULTORA
53
ALFONSO ALVESTEGUI
PROCOSI
GERENTE FORTALECIMIENTO
54
RENÉ YANARICO
PREFECTURA EL ALTO
REPRESENTANTE
55
DILMA FLORES
PAS BM
COORDINADORA
56
Dr. Luis Sánchez
VICEMINISTERIO DE SERVICIOS BÁSICOS
VICEMINISTRO
Annex-ITaller La Paz Metodologia SANTOLIC La Paz 6 de Dicembre de 2006
LISTA DE ASISTENTES
N°
INSTITUCIÓN
NOMBRE
CORREO ELECTRÓNICO
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
1
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
PEDRO PADILLA
2
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
MIGUEL PIMENTEL
miguel.pimentel@ plan-international.org
3
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
MARIO SANDY
4
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
ENZO PORCEL
5
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
CARLOS SALINAS
6
PLAN INTERNACIONAL-BRASIL
DOV ROSENMANN
Dovrosenmannqplan-international.org
7
PLAN INTERNACIONAL
LIONEL TABOADA
SAVE THE CHILDREN
8
SAVE THE CHILDREN
ROBERTO OSINA
9
SAVE THE CHILDREN
GUSTAVO SALAZAR
gsalazar@save children.org.bo
10
SAVE THE CHILDREN
ANA AMADOR
11
SAVE THE CHILDREN
RICARDO NINA DE LA CRUZ
12
SAVE THE CHILDREN
ALEJA QUENTA
13
SAVE THE CHILDREN
GERARDO URDANIVIA
UNICEF
14
UNICEF
SUSANA SANDOZ
15
UNICEF
JOSÉ A. ZULETA
16
UNICEF
MARÍA TERESA FLORES
17
UNICEF
OSCAR CHINO
18
UNICEF
FERNANDO ABASTOFLOR
19
UNICEF
ALVARO OSORIO
20
UNICEF
KAMAL KAR
PROAPAC
21
PROAPAC
DAYSI ARACENA
22
PROAPAC
MIGUEL MAMANI
23
PROAPAC
RAFAEL ROMERO
24
PROAPAC
OLGA VELASCO
25
PROAPAC
PRISCILA SOLÍZ
26
PROAPAC
MERY QUITÓN
JICA
27
JICA
ARQ. YOSHINORI FUKUSHIMA
28
JICA
KAREN SANJINÉS
29
JICA
JORGE LIZARAZU
jorge_lizarazuqhotmail.com
30
JICA
MARCO RODRÍGUEZ
31
JICA
RAÚL ANTELO
32
JICA
LAWRENCE FARFÁN
33
JICA
PABLO CALIZAYA
V.S.B
34
V.S.B
ENRIQUE TORRICO
SUMAJ HUASI
35
SUMAJ HUASI
OSCAR SUNTURA
36
SUMAJ HUASI
OLGA ARNEZ
37
SUMAJ HUASI
Ma CARMIÑA CABRERA
38
SUMAJ HUASI
AMANDA SARCO
39
SUMAJ HUASI
AMANDA VALENZUELA
UNICEF CBBA
40
UNICEF CBBA
JHON CHAVARRÍA
41
UNICEF CBBA
MARCELINO MAMANI
42
UNICEF CBBA
WALDO ALVARADO
43
UNICEF CBBA
CONSTANTINO POMA
44
UNICEF CBBA
MARTHA COLQUE
45
UNICEF CBBA
VICTORIANO CHOQUE
46
UNICEF CBBA
IGNACIO MALDONADO
47
UNICEF CBBA
FILIBERTO MAMANI
48
UNICEF CBBA
AGUSTIN AYCA
49
UNICEF CBBA
MARCELA AGUIRRE
BANCO MUNDIAL
50
BANCO MUNDIAL
DILMA FLORES
51
BANCO MUNDIAL
MARCO QUIROGA
52
BANCO MUNDIAL
MALVA ROSA MALKOVITCH
mbackovich@tango
CADEMCA
53
CADEMCA
MARÍA GUARACHI SIRPA
BIBOSI-MONTERO
54
BIBOSI-MONTERO
ADRIANA DE BURELA
CUERPO DE PAZ
55
CUERPO DE PAZ
TIM MC FARREN
WATER FOR PEOPLE
56
WATER FOR PEOPLE
ABRAHAM ARUQUIPA
PREFECTURA EL ALTO
57
PREFECTURA EL ALTO
DANIEL RODRÍGUEZ CH.
ANESAPA
58
ANESAPA
ALCIRA ZAMBRANA
Annex-II List of Participants in Llallagua CLTS workshop
First Orientation cum Training Workshop on Community Led Total Sanitation in Bolivia (La Paz, 6th - 8th December 2006)
Saneamiento Total Impulsado por la Comunidad
(SANTOLIC)
(Final Draft)
Dr. Kamal Kar
International Consultant
Water and Sanitation Programme (WSP-LAC) Latin American Countries
La Paz, Bolivia
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