classifying organisms into kingdoms
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ClassifyingOrganismsThe Six Kingdoms
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An Overview
} Scientists sort all living things into differentcategories. The largest category they useis called a kingdom.
} There are six kingdoms.
} Two kingdoms of bacteria
} Protists
} Fungi} Animals
} Plants
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How Do Scientists SortOrganisms?
} Scientists sort organisms into kingdoms
using a set of questions.} Dichotomous key used to identify
organisms based on contrasting pairs ofcharacteristics
} P. 281 in the textbook shows how scientists
use this type of key to classify organisms
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Bacteria} Bacteria are small, single-celled organisms.
} Bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus.
} Bacteria are some of the smallest living things.They cannot be seen without a microscope.
} Some bacteria are helpful
} Bacteria in your stomach and intestines helpyou digest food
} Some bacteria are harmful
} Strep throat and tooth decay are both causedby bacteria
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Bacterial Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
}Can live underconditions that aredeadly to otherliving things} No oxygen
} Too much salt
} Too hot for otherorganisms
Eubacteria
} Cannot survive in suchextreme conditions
} Have only one cell, buttheir cell functions arecomplex
}
Some use the sunsenergy to make food
} Others eat living andnonliving materials
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Fungi
} Have nuclei
}Cell walls are made of the samesubstance as the hard shells of insects
}Do not make or eat food, but absorbnutrients from their environment
}Decompose, or break down, the tissues of
other organisms}Cannot move from place to place, but
can grow very quickly
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Protists} Have nuclei in their cells, but do not fit into plant, animal, or
fungi kingdoms
} Can be single-celled or multi-celled
} Have special structures that perform certain functions forthe cell (like transforming food into energy)
} Most can move through their environments
} Live wherever there is water (moist soil and inside otherorganisms)
} Protozoa animal-like protists
} Algae are an example of protists that are plant-like
} White fuzzy grown on fish or slime mold on trees and fallenleaves are examples of fungus-like protists.
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Plants
} About all plants} Multicellular organisms
with tissues and organs} Their cells have cell
walls.
} Their cells have
chloroplasts, which
use the suns energy
to make food.
} Need water to survive.
A Plant Cell
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Plants
Nonvascular
Absorb water like a sponge soaks
up liquid
VascularHave tissues that act like tubes to transport waterand nutrients takenup from the soil through theroots
In a forest, field, or desert, most of the plants you see are vascular.
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Plants
Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Vascular plants with
roots, stems, and leaves
Do not make seeds Produce spores which
are like seeds, but onlycontain half of the
beginning of a new plant(so they have to find the
other half from another
plant to fertilize it)
Vascular plants that
produce seeds, but not
flowers or fruits Seeds are inside hard
berries or on cones (likepinecones)
Seeds contain plantembryos- the beginning
of a new plant
Life cycle is shown on p.
293
POLLEN
Vascular plants that
produce flowers, which
make seeds and fruits toprotect seeds
Some flowers have bothmale and female organs
within one flower Others have one or the
other
Life cycle is shown on p.
295
POLLEN
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Animals} Characteristics ofAnimals} Multicellular with
specialized cells thatform tissues and organs} Require oxygen to
breathe} Consume other
organisms to getnutrients and energy
} Most are able to moveat some point in theirlives
} Reproduce sexually
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Animals
Symmetry matching form on opposite sides (both sides are the same)
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Animals
}Animals can be further classified.
} Vertebrates can be warm-blooded or cold-blooded
}Cold-blooded vertebrates can be furtherclassified as fish, amphibians, or reptiles.
}Warm-blooded vertebrates can be further
classified as birds or mammals.
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