5

Attention Rehearsal

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KEY TERMS

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MODELS

OF

MEMORY

- MEMORY: the mental processes involved in registering, storing and retrieving information

- CAPACITY: the amount of information that can be stored in memory at any particular time

- DURATION: the length of time that information can be kept in memory

- ENCODING: changing sensory input into a form or code to be processed by the memory system

SENSORY MEMORY

Storage system that holds information in a relatively unprocessed form for fractions of a second after the physical stimulus is no longer available (movies)

SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)

System for storing information for brief periods of time

LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)

System for storing a vast quantity of information, which can be stored for long periods of time

Capacity

Immediate digit span

Seven, plus or minus two 7 +-2 chunks of information (Miller)

Duration

Few items at any one time

Brief duration

Encoding

We can encode stimulus inputs in various ways (Visual, acoustic, semantic representations)

Factors affecting capacity

Influence of long-term memory

Reading aloud

Rhythmic grouping

Pronunciation time(

Factors affecting duration

Rehearsal(

Deliberate intention to recall

Amount of information to be retained

Factors affecting encoding

Sound of words(

Other ways of encoding(

Capacity

No upper limit,

Always capable of more learning

Duration(

Longer than in STM

Last almost a whole lifetime

Encoding(

Meaning of the stimulus is often the main factor (semantic coding)

Factors affecting duration

Childhood amnesia

How duration is measured

Thorough learning

Factors affecting encoding

The type of stimulus material can affect the way we encode in lTM

MULTI-STORE

WORKING MEMORY

SENSORY MEMORY

LONG-TERM MEMORY

SHORT-TERM MEMORY

Info lost through decay

Info lost through decay/displacement

Info lost through decay/interference

CENTRAL EXECUTIVE

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