1

1 A livelihood is a means of securing the necessities of life. It encompasses people's assets, income and activities.

Child Sensitive Livelihoods

2

2 Newhouse et al, New Estimates of Extreme Poverty for Children, World Bank Group, October 2016.

3 Together with partners such as UNICEF and OPHI, Save the Children defines childhood deprivations in terms of

outcomes for our Breakthroughs, including deprivation of survival, good nutritional growth, schooling and learning, and of protection from forms of violence. 4 Data in this paragraph are from UNICEF cross-country analyses of household surveys, available at www.childinfo.org

3

5 See UNESCO et al, World Inequality Data Base on Education at http://www.education-inequalities.org/

6 See, for example, Center on Hunger and Poverty and Nutrition, The Link Between Nutrition and Cognitive Development in Children

(Medford, MA: Tufts University School of Nutrition, 1994). 7 See, for example, UNICEF (2014), Hidden in Plain Sight, a Statistical Analysis of Violence against Children (e.g. Table 5.11) and

UNICEF (2011), Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse: A statistical snapshot (data on income status and early marriage) 8 Under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, these include the right to be healthy (including having nutritious food, clean

water and medical care), the right to be educated, and the right to a childhood (including protection from harm). The Convention also establishes the rights of children to a basic, secure material foundation (Articles 26 & 27).

4

9https://www.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/libraries/Final%20version%20Outcome%20for%20Children%20From%20HES

%20interventions.pdf

5

10

The programming scope is representative of common and appropriate intervention areas and is meant to be comprehensive but not an exhaustive list of potential CSLH activities.

In Peru, we are working to mitigate risks of shocks in urban neigbourhoods in north Lima by establishing coordination mechanisms between local businesses and supporting Disaster Contingency Planning involving all actors in the market system, from local shops to transporters and suppliers so that they can recover and respond effectively in the next shock.

6

11

A market system is the network of buyers, sellers and other actors that come together to trade in a given product or service.

The LAHIA development food assistance program in Niger reinforces income generating activities with the most vulnerable women through project supported Village Savings and Lending Associations (VSLA). Salmey Garba, 45 years old, is a widow and a mother of three children. She is a member of the savings and lending group called Tattli de Dan Gantamaou. She describes the benefits the project has brought to her by saying, “In July 2014, I received a goat from LAHIA. Today, I own three nannies (female) and one buck (male). Additionally, I received individual income generating activity support via a one-time food transfer of 15 kg of millet to pursue my business plan to make beignets (donuts). Thanks to the profits I’ve made from these activities, I now make $1 per day.”

7

The Sabal project In Nepal, aims to develop local market centers, facilitate improved linkages to input and output markets for smallholder farmers engaged in maize, horticulture/spices and small livestock (goat). Sabal works with multiple private firms to co-develop initiatives that will support expansion of supply chains into project targetted districts/VDC’s and provide embedded services to small holder farmers. To date, 11 Lead Firms have provided training through their distribution networks to an estimated 11,000 farmers.

8

The Suchana Programme in Bangladesh conducted gender analysis and found that women have very little decision-making power, and their mobility,

asset control, and access to information are severely restricted. This further limits their ability to ensure

optimal nutrition outcomes for their children. These findings helped determine the specific actions for

promoting gender equality in the Suchana program. This includes identifying and addressing the particular market barriers faced by women,

empowering adolescents, boys and girls to challenge unequal gender relations as well as preventing early

marriage and early pregnancy. SBCC on optimal nutrition and care practices that promote positive

male role models and positive forms of masculinity, women’s capacity to contribute equitably to

household and communities are further interventions that the project supports.

The “Building Resilient Communities in Somalia project” promotes child participation in risk planning, builds child accountability systems and works with children in the evaluation of

the programme. Focus group discussions were held with children to identify their priorities in

managing risks associated with drought, floods or conflict. Children are represented in the

community DRR committees. Child sensitive livelihood activities have been factored into the plans. These include household income

strengthening to bolster household investment in child nutrition, education and health. The project is developing a tool to measure child

focused resilience.

12 Yoong, J, Rabinovich, L and Diepeveen, S (2012), the impact of economic resource transfers to women versus men: a

systematic review. EPPI –Centre, University of London 13

Evidence from the Dangerous Delay report and others proved the impact in terms of survival on children as a result of acting too late in emergencies whilst evidence from the Shiree programme in Bangladesh highlighted the negative impact of healthcare shocks for households aiming to sustianably escape poverty.

9

Figure 1 Children discuss risks to their livelihoods in Somalia

14

A market system is the network of buyers, sellers and other actors that come together to trade in a given product or service 15

An example of a risk analysis tool is the Child Safeguarding in Cash Transfer Programming guidance here. Further guidance will be forthcoming on risk assessment and avoiding harms to children in livelihoods and other economic strengthening programmes.

In Madagascar, during context analysis for the Vanilla Value Chain programme, our staff conducted 6 focus group discussions with

adolescent boys and girls using the Choices and Voices methodology. This small interaction raised

critical and alarming child protection issues related to the proposed private sector partnership, which had not come up during consultations with adults

and were key to ensuring quality of the programme design. These issues were then successfully incorporated into the programme enabling

stronger outcomes for children.

10

16

Guidance for integration of Child Sensitive Livelihoods programming with a) Nutrition and; b) Child Protection will be available in 2017.

In Rwanda through integrating an SBCC component on nutrition into a livelihoods programme, 87% of target beneficiaries

showed improved knowledge of balanced diets enabling them to make more

informed resource allocation choices for their children.

In Myanmar, during a programme evaluation for a livelihoods programme which had not

been designed with Child Sensitivity in mind, programme staff incorporated simple

questions to capture outcomes for children retrospectively. The findings from this

evaluation were then utilised to ensure that child sensitivity could be effectively incorporated in the next phase of

programming.

11

17

For more information on Systems Change approahes please refeer to the BEAM exchange (https://beamexchange.org/) or SEEP Network (http://www.seepnetwork.org/)

12