chemical reaction engineering, chemical engineering

96
Chemical Reaction Engineering Chemical Engineering

Upload: mdrokibul-islam

Post on 14-Apr-2017

297 views

Category:

Engineering


27 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Page 2: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Page 3: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 4: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 5: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Let’s Begin CRE

Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

Page 6: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

Chemical Identity

Page 7: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.

Chemical Identity

Page 8: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition

Chemical Identity

Page 9: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition

2. Combination

Chemical Identity

Page 10: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.

1. Decomposition

2. Combination

3. Isomerization

Chemical Identity

Page 11: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.

Reaction Rate

Page 12: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.

• The rate of a reaction (mol/dm3/s) can be expressed as either

the rate of Disappearance: -rA

or as the rate of Formation (Generation): rA

Reaction Rate

Page 13: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

Consider the isomerization AB

rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume

rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume

Page 14: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

• EXAMPLE: AB If Species B is being formed at a rate of 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,

rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Page 15: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate• EXAMPLE: AB

rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:

-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Page 16: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

• EXAMPLE: ABrB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s

Then A is disappearing at the same rate:-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s

The rate of formation (generation of A) is rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s

Page 17: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst basis. (mol/gcat/s)

NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction

Page 18: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

Consider species j: • rj is the rate of formation of species j per

unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]

Page 19: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate

• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]

• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

Page 20: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit

volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s] • rj is a function of concentration, temperature,

pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch reactor, plug flow reactor, etc.)

Page 21: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Rate• rj is the rate of formation of species j per

unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s] • rj is a function of concentration,

temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)

• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)

• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation

Page 22: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

General Mole Balance

Page 23: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

General Mole Balance

Page 24: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 25: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

CSTRMole Balance

Page 26: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor

Page 27: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

The integral form is:

V dFArAFA 0

FA

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the

exit molar flow rate of FA.

Page 28: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

W dFA

r AFA 0

FA

FA0 FA r AdW dNA

dt

Page 29: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Page 30: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Fast Forward to the Future

Thursday March 20th, 2008

Reactors with Heat Effects

Page 31: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic CSTR

Page 32: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

What are the exit conversion X and exit temperature T?

SolutionLet the reaction be represented by

Page 33: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 34: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 35: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 36: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 37: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 38: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 39: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 40: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 41: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

KEEPING UP

Page 42: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Separations

These topics do not build upon one another

Filtration Distillation Adsorption

Page 43: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reaction Engineering

These topics build upon one another

Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry

Page 44: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Mole Balance

Rate Laws

Stoichiometry

Isothermal Design

Heat Effects

Page 45: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Mole BalanceRate Laws

Page 46: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Mole Balance

Rate LawsStoichiometry

Isothermal Design

Heat Effects

Page 47: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 48: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 49: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 50: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 51: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 52: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 53: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

Page 54: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance

Page 55: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance

Page 56: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance

Page 57: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

C S T R Mole Balance

Page 58: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

CSTRMole Balance

Page 59: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor

Page 60: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Page 61: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Page 62: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Page 63: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Page 64: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

Page 65: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

The integral form is:

V dFArAFA 0

FA

Page 66: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance

PFR:

The integral form is:

V dFArAFA 0

FA

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the

exit molar flow rate of FA.

Page 67: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

Page 68: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

FA0 FA r AdW dNA

dt

Page 69: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

FA0 FA r AdW dNA

dt

Page 70: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

FA0 FA r AdW dNA

dt

Page 71: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance

PBR

The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:

W dFA

r AFA 0

FA

FA0 FA r AdW dNA

dt

Page 72: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Page 73: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Page 74: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Page 75: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Reactor Mole Balance Summary

Page 76: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 77: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 78: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 79: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 80: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 81: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 82: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 83: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 84: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Asynchronous Video Series

Chapter 1:General Mole Balance Equation

Applied to Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs,

and PBRs

H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.

Page 85: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre

Page 86: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 87: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 88: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 89: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 90: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 91: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 92: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery

Medicine – Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving

Page 93: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Compartments for perfusion

Perfusion interactions between compartments are shown by arrows.

VG, VL, VC, and VM are -tissue water volumes for the gastrointestinal, liver, central and muscle compartments, respectively.

VS is the stomach contents volume.

StomachVG = 2.4 l

GastrointestinalVG = 2.4 ltG = 2.67 min

Liver

Alcohol

VL = 2.4 l tL = 2.4 min

CentralVC = 15.3 l tC = 0.9 min

Muscle & FatVM = 22.0 l tM = 27 min

Page 94: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering
Page 95: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reaction Engineering

Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.

Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:

CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron

Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery

Medicine –Pharmacokinetics, Drinking and Driving

Microelectronics – CVD

Page 96: CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING,  Chemical Engineering

The end