chemical reaction engineering
TRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.
TODAY’S LECTURE
Introduction
Definitions
General Mole Balance Equation
BatchCSTRPFR
PBR
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
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Materials on the Web and CDROM
http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre/
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Developing Critical Thinking Skills
Socratic Questioning
is the
Heart of Critical Thinking
R. W. Paul’s Nine Types of Socratic
Questions
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Let’s Begin CRE
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.
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• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
Chemical Identity
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• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
• The identity of a chemical species is determined by the kind, number, and configuration of that species’ atoms.
Chemical Identity
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• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition
Chemical Identity
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• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
Chemical Identity
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• A chemical species is said to have reacted when it has lost its chemical identity.
1. Decomposition
2. Combination
3. Isomerization
Chemical Identity
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• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
Reaction Rate
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• The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
• The rate of a reaction (mol/dm3/s) can be expressed as either
the rate of Disappearance: -rA
or as
the rate of Formation (Generation): rA
Reaction Rate
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume
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Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE: AB If Species B is being formed at a rate of
0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, ie,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
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Reaction Rate• EXAMPLE: AB
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
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Reaction Rate
• EXAMPLE: ABrB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA= 0.2 mole/dm3/s
The rate of formation (generation of A) is
rA= -0.2 mole/dm3/s
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Reaction Rate
• For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA',
which is the rate of disappearance of
species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
(mol/gcat/s)
NOTE: dCA/dt is not the rate of reaction
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Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]
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Reaction Rate
• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g. mol/dm3*s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
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Reaction Rate• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch reactor, plug flow reactor, etc.)
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Reaction Rate• rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit
volume [e.g. mol/dm3/s]
• rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
• rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow, etc.)
• rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
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General Mole Balance
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General Mole Balance
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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CSTRMole Balance
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Plug Flow Reactor
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
V dFAr
AFA 0
FA
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:
W dFA
r AFA 0
FA
FA0 FA r AdW dNA
dt
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary
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Fast Forward to the Future
Thursday March 20th, 2008
Reactors with Heat Effects
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Production of Propylene Glycol in an Adiabatic CSTR
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What are the exit conversion X and exit temperature T?
Solution
Let the reaction be represented by
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KEEPING UP
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Separations
These topics do not build upon one another
Filtration Distillation Adsorption
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Reaction Engineering
These topics build upon one another
Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry
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Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects
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Mole Balance Rate Laws
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Mole Balance
Rate Laws
Stoichiometry
Isothermal Design
Heat Effects
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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Batch Reactor Mole Balance
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Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
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Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
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Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor Mole Balance
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C S T R Mole Balance
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CSTRMole Balance
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Plug Flow Reactor
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
V dFAr
AFA 0
FA
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Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
The integral form is:
V dFAr
AFA 0
FA
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
FA0 FA r AdW dNA
dt
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
FA0 FA r AdW dNA
dt
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
FA0 FA r AdW dNA
dt
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole Balance
PBR
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is:
W dFA
r AFA 0
FA
FA0 FA r AdW dNA
dt
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Asynchronous Video Series
Chapter 1:
General Mole Balance Equation Applied to
Batch Reactors, CSTRs, PFRs, and PBRs
H. Scott Fogler, Ph.D.
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http://www.engin.umich.edu/~cre
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery
Medicine – Tissue Engineering, Drinking and Driving
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Compartments for perfusion
Perfusion interactions between compartments are shown by arrows.
VG, VL, VC, and VM are -tissue water volumes for the gastrointestinal, liver, central and muscle compartments, respectively.
VS is the stomach contents volume.
StomachVG = 2.4 l
GastrointestinalVG = 2.4 ltG = 2.67 min
Liver
Alcohol
VL = 2.4 l tL = 2.4 min
CentralVC = 15.3 l tC = 0.9 min
Muscle & FatVM = 22.0 l tM = 27 min
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Chemical Reaction Engineering
Chemical reaction engineering is at the heart of virtually every chemical process. It separates the chemical engineer from other engineers.
Industries that Draw Heavily on Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) are:
CPI (Chemical Process Industries)Dow, DuPont, Amoco, Chevron
Pharmaceutical – Antivenom, Drug Delivery
Medicine –Pharmacokinetics, Drinking and Driving
Microelectronics – CVD
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
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Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization AB
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
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Reactor Mole Balance Summary