characterizing the existing network

CHAPTER 3

Characterizing the Existing Network

ObjectivesUpon completion of this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions:

n How does characterizing the network to identifystrengths and weaknesses assist in the networkdesign process?

n What are appropriate hardware and softwareupgrades to prepare a network for integration ofnew technologies?

n How do you upgrade the Cisco IOS Software ona router or switch?

n How do you conduct a wireless site survey?

n How do you create a network DesignRequirements document?

Key TermsThis chapter uses the following key terms. You can find the definitions in the Glossary.

wide-area network (WAN) page 82

wireless access points (WAP) page 84

modular block diagram page 85

Cisco Enterprise Network Architectures page 85

intrusion detection system (IDS) page 85

data center page 87

Cisco IOS file-naming conventions page 90

Feature Navigator page 91

flash memory page 92

random-access memory (RAM) page 92

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) page 92

dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) page 92

release notes page 93

boot process page 93

Power-On Self-Test (POST) page 94

nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM) page 94

WAN interface cards (WIC) page 95

High-speed WAN interface cards (HWIC) page 95

Voice/WAN interface cards (VWIC) page 95

digital subscriber line (DSL) page 95

hot-swappable page 96

faceplate page 96

It is important to remember that before a new design can be created, the existing network must beinvestigated and characterized. The design team uses the network characterization to determine thestrengths and weaknesses of the existing network that must be addressed with the new design.

Existing network devices may need to be updated to prepare for the introduction of new technologies.The network design team must complete a Design Requirements document and have it approved bythe client before moving to the next phase of the project.

Documenting the Existing NetworkThe StadiumCompany case study (see Appendix B, “StadiumCompany Story”) has been provided as aguide through the documentation involved in a response to a Request For Proposal (RFP). The networkdesigner must create the documentation for an existing network that includes the equipment and appli-cations that are part of the converged network. The documentation begins with gathering informationfrom the existing network and developing an appropriate strategy for meeting the needs of the client.

Creating a Network Diagram Typically, the first step in installing a new network is to take a detailed look at the existing network.The NetworkingCompany designer examines the existing network to

n Determine whether the design goals are realistic and feasible

n Determine whether the existing network meets the expectations for scalability, availability, security,and manageability

n Identify where new equipment, infrastructure upgrades, and new services can be integrated

n Ensure that old and new network devices, media, and functions can work together

Upgrading the Stadium NetworkLike most organizations, the StadiumCompany has a preexisting network. The management wants toinstall a new network to

n Better manage its existing voice, video, and data networks

n Improve customer service

n Reduce costs

The NetworkingCompany designer reviews the existing network documentation. The StadiumCompany’sIT department network documentation contains most of the information that the designer needs concerningnetwork organization and services.

The network documentation should include the following:

n Logical and physical diagrams of the network

n Floor plans showing the location of wiring closets and wiring runs

n Inventory lists of installed network equipment

n Current network configuration files

n Inventory lists of network applications

80 Designing and Supporting Computer Networks, CCNA Discovery Learning Guide

Producing a Network Topology MapAs is the case with many businesses, the StadiumCompany’s network documentation is not current. Anew diagram must be created of the network as a whole, and the different segments that comprise it.

Network management programs collect information and produce a diagram of the current network. CiscoNetwork Assistant (see Figure 3-1) and CiscoWorks are two examples of network management programs.

Figure 3-1 Cisco Network Assistant

Chapter 3: Characterizing the Existing Network 81

Cisco Network Assistant is used to obtain the information necessary to produce a diagram of theStadiumCompany network.

Obtaining Information About Devices and Data RoutesThe NetworkingCompany staff can now log in to various network devices. The network designer usesstandard Cisco IOS commands to obtain information about the devices and the routes that data takesthrough the network.

Cisco IOS Software offers useful commands to gain information from a router to create a networkdiagram. Some of these commands are as follows:

n show version

n show running-config

n show ip route

n show cdp neighbors detail

n show controllers

n show tech-support

The show tech-support command can collect a large amount of information about a router. The outputfrom this command varies depending on the router or switch platform and configuration.

NoteFor more information on the show tech-support command, review the information you can find athttp://tinyurl.com/2wq3me.

Many of these same commands are used to gain information about a Cisco switch. Other useful switchcommands include the following:

n show vlan

n show vtp

n show spanning-tree

Interactive Activity 3-1: Gathering Information from show cdp neighbors detail Command

In this interactive activity, you simulate being connected to a Cisco 1841 router using HyperTerminal.Use the show cdp neighbors detail command output to answer the questions. Use file ia-311 on theCD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.

Investigating Existing Network Devices (3.1.1)

In this activity, you use router and switch commands to investigate the existing network devices. Usefile d4-311.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this activity using Packet Tracer.

Diagramming the Logical ArchitectureAfter the information about the existing network is collected, the next task is to create or update oneor more logical network diagrams.

Creating an Existing Network Overview DiagramOn the StadiumCompany network project, the first diagram that the network designer creates is ahigh-level view of all the StadiumCompany network sites. Figure 3-2 shows the following:

n The main stadium network

n The souvenir shop

n The ticket outlet locations

n Connectivity to remote sites

n Connectivity to business partners

The designer diagrams the wide-area network (WAN) connections between the networks and theequipment at each location where the WAN terminates.


Packet Tracer Activity

Figure 3-2 Existing Stadium Network


Ticket SalesOffice

ISP2

ISP1

Edge Router

TeamSwitch

VendorSwitch

Luxury SuitesSwitch

StadiumManagement

Switch

WebE-Commerce

Stadium Management LAN Devices Luxury Suite Services LANTeam Services LAN Vendor Services LAN

PayrollAccounting

AccountingAccountingDNS

ISP3VPN

(Over DSL)VPN

(Over DSL) Vendor(Souvenir Shop)

Internet

Figure 3-2 illustrates how the information flows from one area of the network to another. This helpsthe designer locate problem areas.

Creating Network Segment DiagramsNext, the designer creates diagrams for the logical and physical layouts of the networks installed ateach of the various sites.

Each diagram shows the following:

n The location of the network equipment and wiring closets

n The logical addressing information

n The naming information

Using these diagrams, the designer identifies where topology or equipment changes are needed. Thedesigner evaluates the traffic flows and addressing structures.

The network installed at the main stadium location is more complex than those at the individualremote sites. The network designer creates a separate logical diagram to illustrate all the various LANcomponents and topologies. The diagram shows the traffic flows between the users and the servers.

Creating a Logical Diagram of the Main Stadium LANThe designer creates a logical network diagram that shows the major pieces of networking equipmentand how they interconnect. This diagram, as shown in Figure 3-3, includes the following:

n Routers and switches

n Wireless access points (WAP)

n Critical telecommunications equipment (CSU/DSU, modems, and so on)

n Firewalls and intrusion detection devices

n Management stations

n Servers and server farms

All the servers and services are included on the logical diagram. This is because their location canaffect traffic patterns, bandwidth use, and security. The designer labels each of the connections withthe bandwidth and type of cable or wireless device that is being used.

Lab 3-1: Creating a Logical Network Diagram (3.1.2)

In this lab, you use Cisco Network Assistant and Cisco IOS commands to create a logical networkdiagram of the FilmCompany. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You mayperform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.

Figure 3-3 Logical Connections


Ticket SalesOffice

ISP2192.168.4.1/24

ISP1192.168.2.254

192.168.2.0/22

Edge Router192.168.2.1

Team Switch192.168.2.2

Vendor Switch192.168.2.5

Luxury SuitesSwitch 192.168.2.3

Stadium ManagementSwitch 192.168.2.4

Stadium ManagementDevices

Luxury Suites ServicesDevices

Team ServicesDevices

Vendor ServicesDevices

PayrollAccounting Accounting

ISP3192.168.5.1/24

VPN(Over DSL) Vendor

(Souvenir Shop)

Internet

WebE-Commerce

Accounting

DNS ManagementStation


Developing a Modular Diagram The stadium network has grown significantly from its initial design. The NetworkingCompany designertakes the logical diagram and organizes the network into a modular block diagram, as shown in Figure 3-4.

A modular block diagram is a simplified version of the network. The diagram shows the major functionsin modular form. It helps the designer to determine the underlying architecture on which the networkis built.

Figure 3-4 Modular Block Diagram

Stadium ManagementLAN

Team ServicesLAN

Vendor ServicesLAN

Luxury Suite LAN

Core Services andManagementDistribution LayerAccess LayerEnd Devices

EdgeRouter

The designer compares the block diagram to the ideal network design represented by the CiscoEnterprise Network Architectures. The designer identifies areas that must be redesigned or upgraded.

The initial architecture of the stadium network is a large, flat network. It has only two physical layersof switches. Some of the switches provide end-device connectivity to the network, and some interconnectother switches. Both layers are built using Layer 2 switches, which are not segmented by VLANs.

Server locations are at various points within the network.

Internet connectivity is provided through another router. Connectivity is protected by a firewall andintrusion detection system (IDS). Both of the remote locations connect to the stadium networkthrough virtual private networks (VPN) that terminate at the Internet router.

Creating Modular Block Diagrams (3.1.3)

In this activity, you create a modular block diagram of an existing network to help identify weakness-es in the design. Use file d4-313.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform thisactivity using Packet Tracer.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Existing Networks The diagrams created by the network designer enable the NetworkingCompany staff to analyze theexisting network for strengths and weaknesses.

Strengths of the Existing Stadium NetworkThe designer reviews the current voice and video network documentation to determine the locations ofequipment and the various groups who use the services. Figure 3-5 illustrates how the designer canannotate changes directly to the diagram for clarity.

Figure 3-5 Sample Network Design


New Category 5e wiring was recently installed throughout the stadium complex. In addition, new single-mode fiber connects the wiring closets to the main telecommunications room. The available throughputprovided by the existing cabling reduces the need for changes to the infrastructure of the stadium network.Additional wiring will only be done if it is required to install the new access points (AP).


Switch

Rm107

Rm105

Rm103

Rm101

Rm777 Rm115 Rm117 Rm119

Rm116 Rm778 Rm121 Rm122 Rm124

Rm124A

Rm125 Rm123 Rm127

ProposedData

CenterLocation

Switch

Switch

Rm109 Rm121

An area next to the wiring closet is ideally suited for the installation of a new data center toaccommodate the server farm.

After reviewing the diagrams and the existing equipment inventories, the network designer lists thestrengths and weaknesses of the current stadium network as outlined in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Current Network Design

Strengths Weaknesses

New wiring and adequate wiring closets. Flat network design

Adequate space for a new data center. No distribution layer

Servers and PCs are current models and No true core layerwill not need to be replaced.

Some existing network switches and Servers poorly locatedrouters can be used in the new design.

Multiple networks that can be difficult to maintain

Inadequate IP addressing structure

No dedicated bandwidth for WAN connectivity

Poorly implemented wireless

Limited security implementations

Overcoming Weaknesses in Preparation for the Network UpgradeThe designer focuses on finding ways to overcome the weaknesses of the existing network. Thedesigner proposes updating the network design with the necessary enhancements. Figure 3-6 furtherillustrates how the designer can annotate changes directly to the diagram. This diagram is added to thedocumentation for later use.

Equipment that will not be replaced during the upgrade is also evaluated. It is important to know thatthe hardware is working properly and that the software is current to ensure easy integration of newfeatures into the network.


Figure 3-6 Physical Connections


Ticket SalesOffice

ISP2 ISP3VPN

(Over DSL)VPN

(Over DSL) Vendor(Souvenir Shop)

Internet

ISP1

Edge Router

TeamSwitch

VendorSwitch

Luxury SuitesSwitch

StadiumSwitch

DHCPE-Commerce

Stadium LAN Luxury Suites Services LANTeam Services LAN Vendor Services LANAccountingPayroll

AccountingAccountingWeb

Determining Network Strengths and Weaknesses (3.1.4)

In this activity, you investigate the existing network and develop a list of strengths and weaknesses.Use file d4-314.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this activity using PacketTracer.

Updating the Existing Cisco IOSA network designer is responsible for creating a design that will meet the needs of the client.Conducting updates is a critical task that must be performed in new and existing networks. This taskcan be challenging for the NetworkingCompany designers without the assistance of tools to stream-line the process. Cisco.com offers tools and online resources to help the NetworkingCompany staffobtain information about the stadium network equipment. The website can also help to resolve commontechnical problems. The tools and resources include the following:

n Documentation: Hardware and software configuration and verification, and troubleshootingCisco products and technologies

n Tools: Troubleshooting, installation, assessment, and service requests



Investigating the Installed Cisco IOS Software Before using the tools at Cisco.com, the NetworkingCompany staff requires the following informationfrom the equipment inventory list:

n Model and type of device

n Installed memory

n Interfaces and slots

n Optional installed modules

n Current Cisco IOS Software version and filename

The NetworkingCompany staff uses this information to determine which Cisco IOS Software versionis appropriate and which hardware options can be installed.

Using the show version CommandThe technicians use the show version command on each device to verify that the inventory list is correct.The command will also help them to obtain any missing information.

n Downloads: Software, specific file releases, and technical support applications

n Communities and training: Information on the Networking Professionals Connection, attendingTechnical Support Seminars, and other training opportunities

n News: Current topics reported in the Cisco Technical Support Newsletter

Access to many of the features available on Cisco.com requires the creation of a Cisco.comRegistration, a user account (see Figure 3-7). The level of access depends on the type of user accountand whether the user has a current SMARTnet maintenance contract.

Figure 3-7 Registering with Cisco.com

The network designer then sends the staff a list of new features. These are features that the designerbelieves will be needed to support the expanded stadium network capabilities. Evaluating the new features list helps the staff to select an IOS Software version appropriate for the new network.

Lab 3-2: Using show version to Create an Inventory List (3.2.2)

In this lab, you use show version to fill out an inventory sheet for a Cisco switch and router. Refer tothe hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the endof the chapter.

The NetworkingCompany staff and the stadium IT manager discuss how to upgrade the current networkequipment with minimal disruption of day-to-day operations. They agree that the network switchesand routers can be upgraded during scheduled maintenance on Sunday morning from 2:00 a.m. to8:00 a.m. (0200 to 0800). However, because of the large number of installed devices, the upgrademight take more than one Sunday morning to complete.

In the stadium network, three types of network devices will be included in the new design:

n 16 Cisco 2960 switches

n 1 Cisco 1841 router

n 3 non-Cisco routers

After the NetworkingCompany staff determines which Cisco IOS Software versions and hardwarecomponents need to be installed, they can estimate the time necessary for the upgrades of the Ciscoequipment. The non-Cisco routers will be updated at a later time.

IOS Software File-Naming ConventionsIOS files need to be kept up-to-date to prevent security risks and to implement bug fixes. Some of theinstalled devices on the stadium network have outdated IOS versions.

Cisco IOS file-naming conventions provide the version number and feature set of IOS. Figure 3-8identifies the various parts of the IOS naming convention.

The platform variables are used to indicate which platforms can use a particular image. Examples ofplatform variables include rsp (Cisco 7000 series with RSP7000 and Cisco 7500 series), c1600 (Cisco1600 series), and c1005 (Cisco 1005). The features variables identify the feature sets supported by theimage. The type field can contain the following characters:

n f: The image runs from flash memory.

n m: The image runs from RAM.

n r: The image runs from ROM.

n l: The image is relocatable.

n z: The image is zip compressed.

n x: The image is mzip compressed.

When Cisco IOS Software on a switch or router is upgraded, the device needs to be rebooted. Thisprocess takes the device out of service for a short period of time. As with any upgrade, unforeseenproblems may arise after the new hardware or IOS is loaded. Upgrades should be planned carefully toensure that the network is not disrupted during normal operating hours.


Figure 3-8 IOS File Naming


Advanced Enterprise ServicesFull Cisco IOS Software

Advanced IP ServicesIPv6, Advanced Security, Service Provider Services

Enterprise ServicesEnterprises Base, Full IBM Support,

Service Provider Services

Advanced SecurityCisco IOS Firewall, IDS, IPSec,

3DES, VPN, SSHSP Services

MPLS, SSH, ATM, VoATMEnterprise Base

Multi-Protocols, IBM Support

IP VoiceVolP, VoFR and IP Telephony

IP BaseEntry Level Cisco IOS Software Image

c2800nm-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin

Version Number (12.3(14)T7)

File Format (RAM Compressed)

Feature Set (Supported Feature Set)

Hardware Platform (2800 Series Integrated Services Router)

Feat

ure

Inhe

ritan

ce

Testing the Upgrade ProcessTo avoid as many problems as possible, the NetworkingCompany obtains a 2960 switch and an 1841router. They use these devices to test the upgrade process before they attempt to upgrade the stadiumequipment. Testing is a good practice, because there can be significant differences from one IOS versionor hardware component to another.

Using test equipment enables the NetworkingCompany staff to verify that the updated system willoperate as expected. They will be better able to estimate the length of time it will take to perform eachupgrade.

Choosing an Appropriate Cisco IOS Image The NetworkingCompany staff needs to determine whether the current devices can support a Cisco IOSversion with the necessary new network features. This is an important step in the upgrade process.

Using Feature NavigatorCisco.com provides tools to assist the NetworkingCompany staff in choosing the right IOS version.Feature Navigator is a web-based tool that helps to determine which features are supported by a specificIOS Software image. Feature Navigator can also be used to find which IOS Software images supporta specific feature.

Feature Navigator allows searches by feature or release version. Under the Release Version section,the staff compares release versions side by side. Registered Cisco.com users can access FeatureNavigator at http://www.cisco.com/go/fn.

Cisco IOS Software is packaged in feature sets that support specific switch and router platforms. Thestaff uses Cisco Feature Navigator to determine which IOS releases are appropriate for the installedequipment. They use the inventory list and the list of necessary features that the network designer pro-vided.

Lab 3-3: Using Feature Navigator (3.2.3)

In this lab, you use Feature Navigator to select the correct Cisco IOS Software for the FilmCompanynetwork, and check that the device has enough DRAM and flash memory to support it. Refer to thehands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end ofthe chapter.

The NetworkingCompany staff identifies an appropriate Cisco IOS Software image release. Havingdone so, the staff must check that each device has enough flash memory and random-access memory(RAM) to support the new IOS files. If not, memory upgrades must be done before the new IOS canbe installed.

The StadiumCompany has a maintenance agreement that enables staff members to download the newIOS versions for their Cisco equipment. The NetworkingCompany staff asks the stadium managementto ensure that they are in compliance with Cisco licensing agreements. They must verify that eachCisco device is included in the maintenance agreement.

The NetworkingCompany staff downloads the new IOS versions from Cisco.com. They can then bestored on a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. Storing the files on a TFTP server enablesthe staff to load the software easily onto the routers and switches for the upgrade.

The copy command is used to transfer files to or from a TFTP server to or from a router or switch.Examples of the copy commands are as follows:

n copy flash tftp: This command takes the running configuration file and stores an exact duplicateon a TFTP server. This is beneficial if the running configuration becomes corrupted.

n copy tftp flash: This command takes the configuration file that is stored on the TFTP server andplaces it into flash memory. This is beneficial if changes to the running configuration are not whatwas wanted and the original configuration is needed.

Download and Install Cisco IOS SoftwareThe stadium router and switches do not have a current Cisco IOS version. The necessary upgradesmust be done manually by performing the following steps:

Step 1. Select an IOS Software image: The first step in the upgrade procedure is to select anappropriate Cisco IOS Software image version and feature set. The following factors needto be considered when selecting an IOS version:

n Memory requirement: Ensure that the router has enough disk or flash memory tostore the IOS image. The router also needs sufficient memory (dynamic random-accessmemory, [DRAM]) to run that image. If the router does not have enough memory, therouter might have problems when it boots under the new IOS image.


n Interface and module support: Ensure that the new IOS image supports all the currentand new interfaces and modules to be installed in the router.

n Software feature support: Compare the new IOS features with those used with the oldIOS image. Any new features required for the network upgrade need to be included.

The NetworkingCompany staff uses Feature Navigator to find the appropriate IOS versionsfor the installed equipment. They download and copy the IOS files to the download directoryon the TFTP server. They also read the release notes to ensure that there are no unexpectedchanges or known issues with the release.

Step 2. Identify the device file system to copy the image: The NetworkingCompany staff usesthe show file systems command output to locate the Cisco IOS files or images. Either thiscommand or the dir [file_system] command can be used to find the free space available tostore the new IOS images. If the devices do not have enough flash memory, memoryupgrades should be implemented before the new IOS is installed.

Step 3. Verify that the TFTP server has IP Connectivity to the device: The TFTP server musthave a network connection to the device. It must be able to ping the IP address of the devicetargeted for a TFTP software upgrade. To achieve this connection, the device interface and theTFTP server must have either an IP address in the same range or a default gateway configured.

Step 4. Back up the current configurations to prepare for the upgrade: The configuration files andcurrent IOS from the router should be backed up before upgrading Cisco IOS. The runningconfiguration should be copied to the startup configuration. The startup configuration and thecurrent IOS image should be backed up to a TFTP server. Some of the IOS releases add defaultconfigurations. These new configuration items may conflict with the current configuration.

Step 5. Copy the IOS image to the device: After the NetworkingCompany staff pings between theTFTP server and the device, they are ready to copy the IOS image into flash memory. Beforecopying the image, the staff ensures that the TFTP server software is running. They confirmthat the IOS image is in the appropriate TFTP server directory.

To upgrade the IOS from a TFTP server, the staff uses the copy tftp flash command.

The copy process takes several minutes. The dir flash command is used to check that thefile has been transferred successfully.

To complete the upgrade, the NetworkingCompany staff reboots the device and observes the deviceboot process.

The staff performs the upgrade on the test network devices. After completing the upgrade, they com-pare the resulting configurations to the saved configurations. The staff ensures that any differencesbetween the configurations do not affect the stadium network operation.

Installing Cisco IOS Software (3.2.4)

In this activity, you download the correct Cisco IOS and transfer the file to the Cisco router or switchusing a TFTP server. Use file d4-324.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform thisactivity using Packet Tracer.

Lab 3-4: Installing a Cisco IOS Software Image (3.2.4)

In this lab, you prepare a router to receive a new Cisco IOS image and transfer the IOS image to therouter from a TFTP server. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may performthis lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.



The Router Startup ProcessAfter installing Cisco IOS, the network technician must reload the router. Upon reloading the router,the installed software must be located during the boot process of the router. The boot process has threestages:

1. Performing the POST and loading the bootstrap program

The Power-On Self-Test (POST) is a process that occurs on almost every computer when it boots.The POST is used to test the router hardware. The test includes a processor self-test, EPROMchecksum, RAM test, flash memory test, and port I/O tests. If all of these tests are successful, thebootstrap loader is executed.

After the POST, the bootstrap program is loaded. The bootstrap program locates the Cisco IOSand loads it into RAM.

2. Locating and loading the IOS Software

The location of the IOS file is specified by the value of the configuration register setting. The bitsin this setting can instruct the device to load the IOS file from the following locations:

n Flash memory

n A TFTP server

n Another location indicated in the startup configuration file

To load the IOS normally from flash, the configuration register setting should be set to 0x2102.

3. Locating and executing the startup configuration file or entering setup mode

After the IOS is loaded, the bootstrap program searches for the startup configuration file (startup-config) in nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). This file contains the previously savedconfiguration commands and parameters, including the following:

n Interface addresses

n Routing information

n Passwords

n Other configuration parameters

If no configuration file is located, the router prompts the user to enter setup mode to begin theconfiguration process.

If a startup configuration file is found, a prompt containing a hostname will display. The routerhas successfully loaded the IOS and the configuration file. The NetworkingCompany staff canbegin using IOS commands on the router.

Lab 3-5: Observing the Router Startup Process (3.2.5)

In this lab, you observe the startup process on an 1841 router. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II ofthis Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.


Upgrading Existing Hardware After updating the Cisco IOS versions, the network designer needs to know what hardware upgradescan be performed on the existing devices so that they meet the new requirements. Upgrades may beneeded that include high-speed or high-density modules and other available hardware options, such asrack-mount kits.

Cisco.com offers datasheets for all the devices that are installed in the stadium network. TheNetworkingCompany staff uses these datasheets to create a list of the possible options for each device.

Investigating Installed Hardware FeaturesThe staff uses the 1841 router datasheet to see what modules and interfaces are available for that model.A number of different types of modules fit the two option slots on the 1841, including the following:

n WAN interface cards (WIC)

n High-speed WAN interface cards (HWIC)

n Voice/WAN interface cards (VWIC)

n Wireless WICs that can function as APs

n Gigabit Ethernet HWICs to provide fiber connectivity

The designer uses this list to determine which options are needed to meet the requirements of the newnetwork.

Investigating Appropriate Hardware OptionsHardware devices come with different capabilities. It is important to understand which technology andmedia a module in a given router would support. The network designer notes the technologies that arelikely to be applicable in the new design for the stadium network.

To support the voice, video, and data traffic on the new network, the designer makes the following listof technologies and media:

n Gigabit Ethernet using fiber at the core and distribution layers

n 100-Mbps connectivity using copper wire at the access layer

n Gigabit Ethernet using either copper or fiber in the data center

n High-speed serial connections to the two WAN sites

n High-speed digital subscriber line (DSL) to connect to the Internet

The designer compares this list to the list of available options in the documentation for the 1841 routeron Cisco.com. The existing 1841 can support the necessary modules to connect to the WAN site andto the Internet.

Interactive Activity 3-2: Match the Connection Type with the Appropriate Media (3.3.2)

In this interactive activity, you drag the connection type to the appropriate technology/media type. Usefile ia-332 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.


Lab 3-6: Determining Router Hardware Options (3.3.2)

In this lab, you investigate the hardware options available on the 1841 Integrated Services Router.Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or waituntil the end of the chapter.

Installing a New Hardware OptionThe NetworkingCompany staff goes to Cisco.com to locate the instructions for installing the optioninterface cards in an 1841 Router. The procedure to install these cards is as follows:

Step 1. Turn off power to the router.

The 1841 router option slots do not support hot-swappable option interface cards, whichcan be changed with the power on.

Step 2. Remove the blank faceplate from the slot.

Use either a Number 1 Phillips screwdriver or a small flat-blade screwdriver to unscrew thecaptive screws. Then remove the blank faceplate from the chassis slot.

Step 3. Install the Option module.

To minimize the risk of static discharge and damage to equipment during the installationprocess, use a properly grounded antistatic wrist strap when working with electronic equipment.

Handle the card by the edges to reduce the risk of damage from static discharge.

Align the card with the guides in the chassis walls or slot divider and slide it gently into theslot.

Push the card into place until the edge connector is secure. The faceplate should touch thechassis rear panel.

Tighten the captive screws on the faceplate.

Step 4. Turn on power to the router and check the new configuration.

Connect a PC to the console port of the router and observe the initialization process.

Ensure that the router recognizes the new option interface card.

Note the interface designation that is given to the new device on the inventory sheet and theexisting topology diagram.

Note Removing or installing interface cards might result in an electrical shock and damage to the equipment if poweris not disconnected. Care should be exercised at all times when working inside the equipment.

Installing Option Modules on a Router (3.3.3)

In this activity, you add an option interface card to an 1841 router and observe the router startup andnew interface designations. Use file d4-333.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to performthis activity using Packet Tracer.



How To

Performing a Wireless Site SurveyThe NetworkingCompany staff is trying to develop a successful proposal for the existing stadium network.This requires the designer and staff to conduct a site survey to identify what the network has and whatis needed. The wireless network provides for unique challenges because the designer must characterizewhat the network has and identify what is needed. The environmental concerns are also addressedduring the wireless site survey.

Visiting the Customer SiteThe next step in characterizing the existing network is to evaluate the wireless LAN (WLAN) deploymentin the stadium. Because of differences in the configurations, access point (AP) placement, and thephysical environment, every WLAN is a unique installation.

Before the wireless network design is finalized, the NetworkingCompany staff performs a site surveyto determine the best use and placement of the wireless networking components. The survey providesinformation needed to assist the network designer in determining the type, placement, and coverageareas for WLAN APs.

Wireless site surveys require that NetworkingCompany staff enter public spaces, offices, and otherlocations where business is being conducted.

Whenever the NetworkingCompany staff is on the stadium site, they are representing their company.When visiting a customer site, professional behavior and appropriate dress are important. The behaviorand professionalism of the staff reflects positively on the ability of the NetworkingCompany to installthe upgrade.

When the NetworkingCompany schedules a wireless site survey, the customer may have site-visitrequirements for the staff to meet. Some companies may not have site-visit requirements established ifvendors do not routinely visit their locations. In this case, the NetworkingCompany technician mustask specific questions to help determine the site-visit requirements when making the appointment.

Site-visit requirements may include the following:

n Access restrictions

n Clothing

n Safety equipment

n Identification badges

n Hours of operation

n Security

n Prohibited items

Customer requirements may vary from site to site. NetworkingCompany staff must comply with customerrequirements when preparing for a site visit.

The guidelines outlined in the section that follow were prepared for the sports stadium site survey.

Preparationn Schedule the site survey with the customer.

n Dress appropriately for the task.


n Wear or carry company credentials.

n Bring the proper equipment (create a standard checklist to ensure that all necessary materials areincluded).

n Notify stadium personnel when the staff will arrive and how long the site survey should take.

Site Surveyn Check in with the proper staff upon entry into the stadium.

n Work quickly and professionally to instill a sense of confidence in the customer.

n Answer questions politely and as completely as possible.

n Write down any questions that must be answered by other staff members.

n Inform the customer of the survey procedures.

n Report back to the customer staff before leaving the premises to inform them of the successfulcompletion of the survey.

SecurityMany companies have their own uniformed security guards who need to be aware of any visit.Businesses typically require a visitor to check in at the main office before accessing other areas. Inhigh-security areas, it is extremely important to gain security clearance and be escorted if needed.High-security areas include government, aviation, and military locations.

Safety Guidelinesn Follow the recommended safety guidelines to ensure proper operation and safe use of the wireless

devices.

n Obtain customer approval before touching or attaching devices to any existing networking equipment.

Lab 3-7: Preparing for a Site Survey (3.4.1)

In this lab, you set up an appointment to perform a wireless site survey. Refer to the hands-on lab inPart II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.

Physical Network ConsiderationsThe stadium network is currently providing limited wireless access through two APs. One AP is in theteam office area (see Figure 3-9). This AP is actually a small wireless router that was purchased by theteam management. The other AP, an inexpensive older Cisco Aironet AP, is located in the stadiumpress box. This AP provides wireless access for the reporters.


Figure 3-9 Access Point Locations and Interference


ConcessionsElevator Shaft Access Point

Restaurant

Team Offices andTeam Areas(Lower Levels)

Suites

LuxurySuites

Press Box

Stadium Offices(Lower Levels)

In the proposed network design, the stadium network requires additional wireless hotspots in the stadiumrestaurant and luxury suites. In both locations, the stadium management plans to offer unsecured wirelessaccess to the Internet.

The network designer has identified a list of possible sources of interference (see Figure 3-9) andsome physical stadium infrastructure issues that might affect the radio frequency (RF) coverage areas.During the site survey, the NetworkingCompany staff can check these areas to determine the actualimpact on the wireless signals.

Areas of concern to the designer include the following:

n The many microwave ovens located in the concession areas and the luxury boxes

n Wireless telephones and headsets used by the reporters and newsmen

n Elevator shafts located near the outer areas of the restaurant and the luxury suites

n Thick concrete pillars and walls between the luxury suites

A variety of optional 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz antennas are available for Cisco wireless devices. Antennasshould be chosen carefully to ensure that optimum range and coverage is obtained.

Each antenna has different gain and range capabilities, beamwidths, coverage, and form factors.Coupling the right antenna with the right AP allows for efficient coverage in any facility. It alsoensures better reliability at higher data rates.

Table 3-2 outlines the characteristics of these antenna types.

Table 3-2 Antenna Types and Characteristics

Ceiling Rubber Pillar Patch Ceiling Mount,Dipole Mount Wall Mount High Gain

Type Omni Omni Directional Omni Omni

Gain 2.15 dBi 5.2 dBi 8.5 dBi 2.2 dBi 5.2 dBi

Bandwidth 360 H 360 H 60 H 360 H 360 H

75 V 75 V 55 V 75 V 75 V

Indoor Range 300' C497' 700' 350' 142'at 1 Mbps 91.4m 151.5m 213.4m 106.7m 43.3m

Indoor Range 100' 142' 200' 100' 142'at 11 Mbps 30.5m 43.3m 61m 30.5m 43.3m

Cable Length N/A 3.0' 3.0' 9.0' 3.0'0.9m 0.9m 2.7m 0.9m

Interactive Activity 3-3: Determine Which Scenario Reduces Wireless Coverage and Usage (3.4.2)

In this interactive activity, you select the scenario that can reduce WLAN coverage and the ones thatcannot. Use file ia-342 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.

Planning a Wireless Site Survey The design team must follow certain steps during a site survey to ensure the proposed design willmeet the technical requirements of the client. Performing a site survey consists of the following steps:

Step 1. Define customer requirements: The stadium may want to advertise the availability ofwireless hotspots. The NetworkingCompany staff needs to determine the service levelexpectations. They also need to determine whether the stadium wants to support advancedwireless technologies, such as wireless IP phones.

Step 2. Identify coverage areas: The NetworkingCompany staff estimates the number of potentialusers in each coverage area. More important, the staff determines the expected peak usageduring major events.

Step 3. Determine preliminary AP locations: The staff reviews the stadium plans and suggestspossible AP locations. Then, they determine how coverage can be provided, which areasneed power, and how the APs will connect to the wired network.

Step 4. Measure signal strength: The staff temporarily installs an AP in a proposed location.Then, they measure the received RF strength and possible causes of interference.

Performing a Wireless Site Survey The NetworkingCompany staff installs a temporary AP in the center of the restaurant, away from thekitchen. The AP does not need to be attached to the stadium network because only the wireless coverageis being tested.


The staff uses a laptop computer equipped with a site survey utility on a wireless NIC to perform thetest. Figure 3-10 illustrates Cisco Aironet Site Survey Utility.

Figure 3-10 Cisco Aironet Site Survey Utility


The NetworkingCompany staff performs the following steps:

Step 1. Measures the signal strength and speed of a link as they walk away from the AP

Step 2. Records the readings and measure the distances to the AP when the quality or link speedchanges

Step 3. Marks the areas where signals are acceptable on a floor plan

The network designer uses the marked floor plan to determine the location of the APs and the wirednetwork jacks that connect them to the network. Upon completing the third step, the designer mustensure compliance with all local, state, and national fire and electrical codes.

Placing Wireless Access Points (3.4.3)

In this activity, you use a diagram that includes a floor plan of the FilmCompany to place APs at differentlocations. Use file d4-343.pka on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this activityusing Packet Tracer.

Lab 3-8: Performing a Wireless Site Survey (3.4.3)

In this lab, you perform a wireless site survey using an AP and the wireless NIC. Refer to the hands-onlab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.

Cisco Wireless Explorer Game (3.4.3)

Use file ia-3435 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.


Documenting Network Design RequirementsThe NetworkingCompany staff has now completed the Prepare and Plan phases of the networkupgrade lifecycle. They are ready to create a Design Requirements document and begin the design ofthe new stadium network.

A Design Requirements document is a summary of all the major business and technical requirementsfor the new network design.

Much of the information needed to complete the Design Requirements document can be found in theRequest For Proposal (RFP). The Design Requirements document contains the specifications for theproposed network upgrade.

The sections of the Design Requirements document (in order) are as follows:

n Overall Project Goal: This section states the overall goals of the upgrade and how they benefitthe customer (in this case, how this upgrade will help the stadium management company becomemore successful).

n Project Scope: This section outlines the physical areas, applications, and user groups affected bythe network upgrade. It may list components of the network that are beyond the scope of the net-work upgrade, such as server or application updates.

n Network Requirements: This section details all the business goals and technical requirements,constraints, user groups, and applications that influence the design of the proposed stadium net-work.

n State of the Network: This section details the existing network, including the following:

n Logical and physical diagrams

n Equipment lists

n Applications

n Strengths and weaknesses

The network designer needs to be aware of the existing network. This enables the designer toaddress its weaknesses and build on its strengths more efficiently.

The NetworkingCompany reviews the Design Requirements document in conjunction with the stadi-um management. They do this to ensure that there are no misunderstandings before proceeding withthe design project.

Overall Project Goal When writing an overall project goal, it is important to think about the primary purpose of the networkdesign project. The overall goal needs to relate to the goals of the business, which are designed tomake the business more successful.

In this section of the document, the NetworkingCompany designer describes the overall project goalof the stadium network upgrade. The designer takes into account all the information obtained frominterviews with the StadiumCompany president and discussions with other members of the stadium staff.

The NetworkingCompany obtains agreement from the stadium management on the overall goal of theproject. A sample Project Goals Checklist might look like the following:


Lab 3-9: Creating an Overall Project Goal (3.5.2)

In this lab, you create an overall project goal statement for the FilmCompany. Refer to the hands-onlab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.

Project Scope The second section of the Design Requirements document outlines the project scope. It details howmuch of the network is affected or changed as a result of the project.

It also defines the parts of the existing network that are not within the areas covered by the project.These out-of-scope areas are defined so that there is no misunderstanding between theNetworkingCompany and the StadiumCompany management.

The NetworkingCompany designer looks at the existing network topology and the services that it provides.The overall goal indicates that both the LAN and the WAN networks will need to be upgraded. Thescope of this project impacts all the users at the main stadium facility and at the two remote locations.The list that follows and Figure 3-11 summarize the project scope for the stadium network’s proposeddesign.

The scope of this project is to upgrade the existing LAN connections to the main stadium network,specifically as follows:

n Adding wireless coverage

n Relocating servers to a data center farm

n Upgrading bandwidth to remote sites

n Implementing new security measures

Tasks that are out of scope include the following:

n Installing an IP telephony system

n Replacing any infrastructure wiring


The overall project goal is to upgrade the existing LAN and WAN to provide the following:

n Better performance for existing applications

n Integration of voice and video networks

n Addition of new applications without impacting existing service levels

Figure 3-11 Stadium Project Scope


Restaurant

Team Officesand Team Areas

LuxurySkyboxes

LuxurySkyboxes

Elevator Shaft Access Point

Press Suites

Offices

WAN

Interactive Activity 3-4: Identify the Appropriate Upgrades (3.5.3)

In this interactive activity, you select which upgrade is valid and which is not for the given scenario.Use file ia-353 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.

Lab 3-10: Creating a Scope Statement (3.5.3)

In this lab, you create a scope statement for the FilmCompany. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II ofthis Learning Guide. You may perform this lab now or wait until the end of the chapter.

Business Goals and Technical RequirementsThe first two sections of the Design Requirements document are usually short and do not containmuch detail. In contrast, the Network Requirements section is very detailed. This section helps drivethe network design and implementation of new technologies.

The Network Requirements section has the following four subsections:

n Business Goals

n Technical Requirements

n Users

n Applications

Business GoalsThe NetworkingCompany designer lists the goals in order of priority. The most important goals arelisted first.

The business goals that have been identified for this project are as follows:

n Reduce costs by consolidating the separate voice, video, and data networks.

n Improve server security and control access to network resources.

n Streamline the online ticket purchasing and customer entry processes.

n Add additional wireless coverage to meet customer demand.

n Support the growth of the stadium company as it adds new types of entertainment, new partners,and new vendors.

n Provide additional services, such as voice and video, to the remote sites.

Technical RequirementsThe NetworkingCompany designer evaluates each of the business goals. The designer then determinesthe technical requirements to meet the goals. These requirements are outlined in the TechnicalRequirements section (see Table 3-3) under the following properties:

n Scalability: A business goal is to add new services, new users, and voice and video capability tothe network. The network must be able to scale easily without a major redesign or disruption toservices. The designer discusses and documents possible growth estimates with the stadium man-agement.

n Availability: The addition of voice, security, video, and online ticketing requires the network tobe available to users at all times. New applications need to be accessible to the remote sites andthe main stadium location. The new ticketing and entry applications require very short transactiontimes. The addition of voice and video require that the network support quality of service (QoS).

n Security: A primary goal of all network upgrades is to improve security. The proposed stadiumnetwork will include firewalls, filtering, and an IDS to protect it from access by unauthorizedusers. The services will be protected using a data center server farm.

n Manageability: The stadium management company does not want to increase the number of ITpersonnel to support the new network. Therefore, the network must be easy to manage and main-tain. A network is easier to manage when networking standards are used during the design andinstallation. A management application is needed to provide the IT department with reports andalerts to help it support the network. In addition, training for the stadium IT staff is required tomanage and maintain the proposed network.

Table 3-3 Technical Requirements Section

Scalability Support 50% growth of the proposed network in number of users and sites within the next 2 years.

Support 75% growth of the proposed network in wireless coverage area.

Support 75% growth of the proposed network in e-commerce traffic.

continues


Table 3-3 Technical Requirements Section continued

Availability Support 24x7 network availability for web-enabled applications.

Support 24x7 availability for security applications.

Support 24x7 availability for the telephone system.

Improve transaction-processing time to less than 3 seconds.

Provide high-quality voice and streaming video.

Guarantee QoS.

Security Improve security with addition of filtering, firewalls, and IDS.

Centralize servers and management.

Provide wireless security.

Manageability Maintain the new network with existing personnel.

Provide reporting and management tools.

Train the stadium IT staff.

UsersIn this section of the Design Requirements document, the different user groups and their accessrequirements are listed. The stadium management company plans for customers, vendors, team per-sonnel, and remote workers to access the network. It makes similar provisions for the onsite manage-ment company personnel. Each of these groups may have specific requirements for network services.It is important to document these requirements so that they are considered in the network design.

ApplicationsThe network traffic characteristics and requirements of various applications affect the design of thenetwork. This section of the document describes the types of applications the network must support.Any specific network traffic requirements are listed, too.

Interactive Activity 3-5: Matching Business Goals to the Technical Requirements (3.5.4)

In this interactive activity, you match the business goals to the appropriate technical requirements. Usefile ia-354 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.

Lab 3-11: Developing Network Requirements (3.5.4)

In this lab, you develop a Network Requirements section for the FilmCompany Design Requirementsdocument. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this lab nowor wait until the end of the chapter.


Existing Network Characterization The final section of the Design Requirements document includes the following information:

n All the diagrams that the NetworkingCompany creates to illustrate the existing network

n The names and IP addresses of servers and important networking components

n The existing network strengths and weaknesses and how they impact the business goals

The network designer creates a chart that lists each of the identified weaknesses, which business ortechnical goal is impacted, and how the weakness can be eliminated in the proposed network design,as demonstrated in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4 State of the Existing Network

Weakness Impact Possible Fix

Flat network design No scalability—the network cannot Create routed hierarchy.grow without impacting performance.

Flat network design No network segmentation—the network Create segmentation with cannot filter or isolate traffic, which VLANs.creates security risks. Apply traffic filters.

No redundancy Large failure domains—link and Create smaller failure device failures affect large areas domains.of the network. Use redundancy where

possible.

Distributed servers Servers at risk—no controlled Move servers to data center environment, power backup, or server farm.redundant connectivity.

Distributed servers Servers not available—no high-speed Install gigabit links to servers,links to servers. centrally locate.

Limited fiber availability Limits the possible redundancy in Stack switches and add the network. high-speed uplinks.

No stateful firewall Filtering only, does not prevent all Use IOS stateful firewall unauthorized or unwanted traffic. features.

Firewall only at the edge Internal devices vulnerable—no Create layered firewall and of network protection from internal attacks. filtering mechanisms.

Add IDS at data center.

The NetworkingCompany staff reviews the completed Design Requirements document. A meeting isthen set up with the stadium management company officials. The purpose of the meeting is to obtaintheir agreement and authorization to continue with the design of the upgrade.

Interactive Activity 3-6: Matching Network Weaknesses with Possible Improvements (3.5.5)

In this interactive activity, you match the network weaknesses with the possible improvement strategies.Use file ia-355 on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book to perform this interactive activity.


Lab 3-12: Analyzing an Existing Network (3.5.5)

In this lab, you analyze the existing FilmCompany network in relation to its business goals and technicalrequirements. Refer to the hands-on lab in Part II of this Learning Guide. You may perform this labnow or wait until the end of the chapter.



SummaryThe network designer examines the existing network to determine whether the design goals are realisticand feasible, and whether the current network can meet the expectations for scalability, availability,security, and manageability.

One of the first tasks the designer does when characterizing the network is to ensure that the networkdocumentation and topology diagrams are current. Tools such as Cisco Network Assistant can discoverinformation about the devices currently installed in the network.

Using show commands, the network designers and engineers gather information about the devices andthe configurations of the network.

By organizing the current network into a modular block diagram, the designer can get an accurate pictureof where the design needs to be improved. The designer categorizes various elements of the networkinto either strengths or weaknesses of the current design and installation. The new design should addressall the identified weaknesses in the current network first, before adding additional features and technology.

Cisco.com can provide the network designer and engineers with valuable information, including docu-mentation for existing installed devices, tools to assist in evaluating the network, downloads of newsoftware and applications, and can provide a forum for collaboration with other network professionals.

The show version command output provides information to create an inventory sheet for each existingpiece of installed equipment that includes the model and type of device, the installed memory, the numberand types of interfaces, and the installed Cisco IOS Software version. Cisco IOS Software names provideinformation about the feature set supported by the IOS version.

Before upgrading to a new IOS version, it is important to verify that the device has sufficient memoryto load the new software. Testing the upgrade in a test environment is critical because IOS versionshave different default configuration options. Feature Navigator, a Cisco.com tool, assists designers inchoosing the appropriate IOS features to provide the necessary functionality in the network.

After upgrading the IOS on a device, it is necessary to observe the boot process to ensure that softwareis loaded correctly and functioning properly.

There are three stages to the device boot process:

1. The POST testing and the initial bootstrap software load

2. Locating and loading the Cisco IOS software, and

3. Locating and loading the configuration file

When incorporating existing equipment into a new network design, the designer needs to be aware of thehardware options and upgrades that are available. Cisco.com is a good resource to find this information.

Before producing a wireless network design, it is usually necessary to do a wireless site survey.

Wireless site surveys identify the coverage areas and any sources of interference that affect the wirelesssignal.

Planning a site survey requires the designer and technicians to identify the coverage areas, determinepreliminary AP locations, and use a wireless utility to measure signal strength at various distancesfrom the AP.

At the completion of the Planning phase of the PPDIOO model, a detailed design requirements documentis produced. The final network design is based on the requirements stated in this document.


Chapter Activities and Labs Summary

Interactive Activities on the CD:

Activity 3-1: Identify the Aspects of the PPDIOO Network Lifecycle Phases (3.1.1)

Activity 3-2: Match the Connection Type with the Appropriate Media (3.3.2)

Activity 3-3: Determine Which Scenario Reduces Wireless Coverage and Usage (3.4.2)

Cisco Wireless Explorer Game (3.4.3)

Activity 3-4: Identify the Appropriate Upgrades (3.5.3)

Activity 3-5: Matching Business Goals to the Technical Requirements (3.5.4)

Activity 3-6: Matching Network Weaknesses with Possible Improvements (3.5.5)

Packet Tracer Activities on the CD:

Investigating Existing Network Devices (3.1.1)

Creating Modular Block Diagrams (3.1.3)

Determining Network Strengths and Weaknesses (3.1.4)

Installing Cisco IOS Software (3.2.4)

Installing Option Modules on a Router (3.3.3)

Placing Wireless Access Points (3.4.3)

Hands-on Labs in Part II of this book:

Lab 3-1: Creating a Logical Network Diagram (3.1.2)

Lab 3-2: Using show version to Create an Inventory List (3.2.2)

Lab 3-3: Using Feature Navigator (3.2.3)

Lab 3-4: Installing a Cisco IOS Software Image (3.2.4)

Lab 3-5: Observing the Router Startup Process (3.2.5)

Lab 3-6: Determining Router Hardware Options (3.3.2)

Lab 3-7: Preparing for a Site Survey (3.4.1)

Lab 3-8: Performing a Wireless Site Survey (3.4.3)

Lab 3-9: Creating an Overall Project Goal (3.5.2)

Lab 3-10: Creating a Scope Statement (3.5.3)

Lab 3-11: Developing Network Requirements (3.5.4)

Lab 3-12: Analyzing an Existing Network (3.5.5)



Check Your Understanding Complete all the review questions listed here to check your understanding of the topics and conceptsin this chapter, Answers are listed in Appendix A, “Check Your Understanding and ChallengeQuestions Answer Key.”

1. When creating the network documentation it should include which of the following? (Choose allthat apply.)

2. What does the network designer use network segment diagrams for?

A. To identify the location of all exits

C. To identify where management is located

D. None of the above

3. What is the purpose of using a modular block diagram?

A. To create a detailed evaluation of personnel

B. To create a simplified version of the network

C. To create a server farm diagram

D. To create a remote locations outline

4. When investigating the installed Cisco IOS Software, what command is used to determine thecurrent IOS Software version?

A. show version

B. show interface

C. show memory

D. show run

5. What do IOS file-naming conventions provide? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Hardware platform

B. Feature set

C. File format

D. Version number

E. All of the above

6. Which command allows for transferring an IOS to a TFTP server?

A. copy tftp flash

B. copy flash tftp

C. copy flash flash

D. copy tftp tftp

7. What occurs during the first stage of the boot process? (Choose two.)

A. Perform POST

B. Execute bootstrap loader

C. Locate the IOS

D. Load the IOS


8. When installing option interface cards, what should be done first?

A. Remove the blank faceplate.

B. Turn off the power.

C. Install the module.

D. Check the configuration.

9. When performing a wireless site survey, what steps are taken? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Define customer requirements.

B. Identify coverage areas.

C. Determine preliminary AP locations.

D. Measure signal strength.

10. What are the four sections of the Design Requirements document?

characterizing the existing network

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