Characteristics of Characteristics of

Video and Television as a Video and Television as a Medium of InstructionMedium of Instruction

INSTRUCTIONAL MediaINSTRUCTIONAL Media

Communication Media : Communication Media : media through which media through which information/ message information/ message delivered to audience delivered to audience Instructional Media : Instructional Media : communication facilities to communication facilities to be utilized for transferring/ be utilized for transferring/ delivering instructional delivering instructional material to learners material to learners

Contributions of media to the Contributions of media to the learning processlearning process

The instruction can be more The instruction can be more interestinginteresting Learning become more interactive Learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning through applying accepted learning theorytheory

The delivery of instruction can be more The delivery of instruction can be more standardizedstandardized

The length of time required for The length of time required for instruction can be reduced instruction can be reduced

The quality of learning can be The quality of learning can be improved improved

Contributions of media to the Contributions of media to the learning process (cont`ed)learning process (cont`ed)

The positive attitude of students The positive attitude of students towards what they are learning and to towards what they are learning and to learning process itself can be learning process itself can be enhanced.enhanced.

The instruction can be provided when The instruction can be provided when and where desired or necessary.and where desired or necessary.

The role of the instructor can be The role of the instructor can be appreciably changed in positive appreciably changed in positive direction.direction.

(Kemp and Dayton, (Kemp and Dayton, 1985)1985)

Why do we utilize media in the Why do we utilize media in the learning processlearning process

Type of Presentation Degree of Type of Presentation Degree of Understanding Understanding

and and memorymemory

Verbal onlyVerbal only 11 Visual onlyVisual only 3,5 X3,5 X Verbal+VisualVerbal+Visual 6 X6 X

(Peoples, 1988)(Peoples, 1988)

Characteristics of television Characteristics of television and video program to the and video program to the learning processlearning process

The video programThe video program

Effective for:Effective for:Relating one idea to anotherRelating one idea to anotherBuilding a continuity of thoughtBuilding a continuity of thoughtCreating dramatic impact to the subjectCreating dramatic impact to the subject

Video = media of motionVideo = media of motion

Contribution of video to the Contribution of video to the learning processlearning process

Providing substitution of direct Providing substitution of direct experienceexperience Enclosing dangerous object to the Enclosing dangerous object to the learner without harming themlearner without harming them

Concretizing abstract conceptsConcretizing abstract concepts

Presenting visual and verbal Presenting visual and verbal information at once information at once

Television ProgramTelevision Program

AdvantagesAdvantages

Covers wide area and large number Covers wide area and large number of audiences.of audiences.

Be able to transmit the information Be able to transmit the information promptlypromptly..

Be able to provide real situation Be able to provide real situation using various techniques, and visual using various techniques, and visual or sound effector sound effect..

Television programTelevision program

DisadvantageDisadvantage

Depend on the schedule of the TV Depend on the schedule of the TV StationStation..

Could not be controlled by learner Could not be controlled by learner or instructoror instructor..

No interactivity – one way No interactivity – one way communicationcommunication..

Video PROgram Video PROgram

AdvantagesAdvantages

Particularly useful in describing Particularly useful in describing motion, showing relationship, and motion, showing relationship, and giving impact to topicgiving impact to topic..

Allow instant replay of video Allow instant replay of video recordingrecording..

Videotape reusableVideotape reusable Easy to record lip sync on videotapeEasy to record lip sync on videotape May include special filming May include special filming

techniques (animation, time lapse, techniques (animation, time lapse, etc.) etc.)

Video Program Video Program

DisadvantageDisadvantage

High cost for productionHigh cost for production.. Resolution limited with video for Resolution limited with video for

fine detail.fine detail. Incompatibility of video format Incompatibility of video format

types.types. Needs talented human resources in Needs talented human resources in

developing the program. developing the program.

KRITERIA PEMILIHAN MEDIA

TUJUANTUJUAN SASARANSASARAN WAKTUWAKTU KETERSEDIAANKETERSEDIAAN BIAYABIAYA KARAKTERISTIK KARAKTERISTIK

MEDIA YBSMEDIA YBS MUTUMUTU

Pemilihan Media(Jika Mediumnya Cocok Itulah yang Dipakai)

Apakah diperlukan Visualisasi ?Apakah diperlukan Visualisasi ? Apakah diperlukan gerakan untuk mencapai tujuan ?Apakah diperlukan gerakan untuk mencapai tujuan ? Apakh visualisasi perlu warna ?Apakh visualisasi perlu warna ? Apakah medium yang diperlukan harus fleksibel ?Apakah medium yang diperlukan harus fleksibel ? Apakah siswa memerlukan memegang kontrol terhadap Apakah siswa memerlukan memegang kontrol terhadap

kecepatan belajarnya ?kecepatan belajarnya ? Apakah mediumnya harus mudah diediit ?Apakah mediumnya harus mudah diediit ?

FOTO

KELEBIHANKELEBIHAN 1. Mengkonkritkan yang abstrak1. Mengkonkritkan yang abstrak

2. Mengatasi batas ruang dan waktu2. Mengatasi batas ruang dan waktu

3. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu3. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu

4. Mudah didapat4. Mudah didapat

5. Mudah menggunakan5. Mudah menggunakan

KETERBATASANKETERBATASAN 1. Ukuran Kecil (biasanya)1. Ukuran Kecil (biasanya)

2. Dua dimensi2. Dua dimensi

3. Tidak bergerak3. Tidak bergerak

4. Hanya ersifat visual4. Hanya ersifat visual

5. Yang kompleks kurang baik5. Yang kompleks kurang baik

TELEVISI

KELEBIHANKELEBIHAN 1. Dapat menggunakan media lain (gambar, film, realia dan slide)1. Dapat menggunakan media lain (gambar, film, realia dan slide)

2. Digemari anak-anak2. Digemari anak-anak

3. Informasi lisan dan visual3. Informasi lisan dan visual

4. Informasi hangat dan aktual4. Informasi hangat dan aktual

5. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu5. Mengatasi ruang dan waktu

6. Sesuai untuk hampir semua mata pelajaran6. Sesuai untuk hampir semua mata pelajaran

KELEMAHANKELEMAHAN 1. Mahal1. Mahal

2. 2. Satu arahSatu arah

3. Di luar kontrol guru/siswa3. Di luar kontrol guru/siswa

FILM

KELEBIHANKELEBIHAN 1. Menunjukan gerakan1. Menunjukan gerakan

2. Menyajikan proses2. Menyajikan proses

3. Dapat mengamati hal yang berbahaya3. Dapat mengamati hal yang berbahaya

4. Dapat untuk mengajarkan keterampilan4. Dapat untuk mengajarkan keterampilan

5. Dramatisasi5. Dramatisasi

6. Dapat menggugah emosi6. Dapat menggugah emosi

7. Menarik perhatian7. Menarik perhatian

8. Open ended - pr8. Open ended - prooblem solving dan iblem solving dan innstruksiostruksionnalal

KETERBATASANKETERBATASAN 1. Mahal1. Mahal

OHT (Overhead Transparancy)

KELEBIHANKELEBIHAN 1. Mudah dibawa1. Mudah dibawa

2. Berbagai jenis materi dapat disajikan2. Berbagai jenis materi dapat disajikan

3. Mudah dalam pembuatan3. Mudah dalam pembuatan

4. Durasi presentasi mudah diatur4. Durasi presentasi mudah diatur

5 Penyaji dapat bertatap muka dengan audience5 Penyaji dapat bertatap muka dengan audience

66. Ruangan tidak perlu digelapkan. Ruangan tidak perlu digelapkan

KETERBATASANKETERBATASAN 1. Harus ada listrik1. Harus ada listrik

2. Harus ada OHP2. Harus ada OHP

3. Transparansi mudah kotor3. Transparansi mudah kotor

4. Mudah rusak (disimpan tanpa penyekat)4. Mudah rusak (disimpan tanpa penyekat)

5. Urutan mudah berubah (kacau)5. Urutan mudah berubah (kacau)

SLIDE

Ukuran 2 x 2 inciUkuran 2 x 2 inci KelebihanKelebihan 1. Urutan fle1. Urutan flekksibelsibel

2. Mudah membuatnya (Camera automatik)2. Mudah membuatnya (Camera automatik)

3. Untuk kelompok terbatas atau perorangan3. Untuk kelompok terbatas atau perorangan

4.Untuk belajar mandiri4.Untuk belajar mandiri

KeterbatasanKeterbatasan 1. Urutan mudah 1. Urutan mudah bberubaherubah

2. Muda2. Mudahh kotor kotor

3. Film positif (Lebih mahal dari film biasa)3. Film positif (Lebih mahal dari film biasa)

4 Kalau perlu suara 4 Kalau perlu suara dapatdapat didampingi denga didampingi dengann media audio media audio

14 Langkah Menuju Layar TV14 Langkah Menuju Layar TV

1.1. IdeIde2.2. SasaranSasaran3.3. TujuanTujuan4.4. Pokok-pokok Pokok-pokok

materimateri5.5. Tulis sinopsisTulis sinopsis6.6. Buat treatmentBuat treatment7.7. Tulis NaskahTulis Naskah8.8. Pengkajian Pengkajian

NaskahNaskah

9.9. Produksi PrototpaProduksi Prototpaa. Pra Produksia. Pra Produksib. Produksib. Produksic. Pasca Produksic. Pasca Produksi

10.10. UjicobaUjicoba11.11. RevisiRevisi12.12. PreviewPreview13.13. PenggandaanPenggandaan14.14. PemanfaatanPemanfaatan

Alur Proses Produksi Program

Ide/Gagasan

Outline/GBIP

Treatment

Naskah/ Skenario

Storyboard

Script Conference

Hunting

Production Meeting

Technical Meeting

Rehearsal/ latihan

Shootig/ Shootig/ RekamanRekaman

Editing/ Manipulating

Preview

Finalisasi/ Packaging

Siaran/ Pemanfaatan

Praproduksi Produksi Pascaproduksi