HISTORY OF TV

CHARACTERISTICS OF TELEVISION AS A MEDIUM

Radio has sound, television content includes both sound and visuals.

Thisaudio visual character of television makes it a magic medium which allows us to watch the world from our drawing rooms.

Audio visual media

T.V is a live media there are a large number of people who

cannot read or write. Such people may not be able to read a newspaper, but they can watch television.

Any one with a television receiver can access the information shown on television.

This makes it an ideal medium to transmit messages to a large audience.

TV is an expensive medium

It requires lots of money, machinery and experienced people.

Broadcastmedia in general and television in particular involves complex technology and

organization. You will need crores of rupees to start a television station

Television can be used:• to demonstrate processes or physical skills• to show movement• for those lacking reading skills• to make distance learning more

personalized• to make teaching and learning more

attractive,and dynamic

Limitationsit is primarily a one-way communication

medium both production and transmission of

programmes are costly the production process is very lengthy

Objectives of TelevisionAccording to the ministry of Information &

Broadcasting the following are the objective of public television in India:

To act as a catalyst for social change,To promote national integration,To stimulate greater agricultural production by

providing essential information and knowledge.To Promote and help preservation of environment and

ecological balance, To highlight the need for social welfare e.g welfare of

women, children and the less privileged,To promote interest in games and sports.

John Baird is regarded as the father of television. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) of

Britain began the first television service in 1936.

DATES TO REMEMBER

1936 - British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) of Britain began the first television service of the world

1939 - Television broadcasts began in US 1950s - Other countries began television

broadcasting on a wide scale

Television began in India on 15th September 1959 as an experiment.

There were only two one-hour programmes a week, each of one hour duration.

1975-1976 SATELLITE INSTRUCTIONALTELEVISION EXPERIMENT (SITE)SITE was an important step taken by India to

use television for development. Other than agricultural information, health

and family planning were the other important topics dealt with in these programmes. Entertainment was also included in thesetelecasts in the form of dance, music, drama, folk and rural art forms.

A major milestone in the history of Indian television was the coverage of theAsian Games in 1982.

Doordarshan provided national coverage for the first timethrough the satellite INSAT 1A.

for the first time, the transmission was in colour.

1982- DOORDARSHAN PROVIDED NATIONALCOVERAGE FOR THE FIRST TIME THROUGH THESATELLITE INSAT 1A.By 1983, government sanctioned a huge expansion

of Doordarshan. Several newtransmitters were set up throughout the country. Thus towards the end of 80s

around 75 per cent of the population could be covered by the transmitters. Manyof the programmes of Doordarshan like Hum Log, Buniyaad and Nukkad were popular.

DATES TO REMEMBER

1959 - Television started in India as an experiment. 1975 - SITE programme starts1976 - Doordarshan, which was AIR’s television

arm, becomes a separatedepartment 1982 - Coverage of Ninth Asian Games.

Doordarshan starts nationalcoverage and colour transmission for the first time. 1983 - Government sanctions a huge expansion of

Doordarshan

Commercialization of TVPatriotic TV serials (kahan gaye wo log ) on dd

post the “golden era” is behind their predecessors.

The 1985 tv series kahan gaye wo log can be looked upon as beginning of golden era of patriotic tv broadcasting. The first episode was being telecast on on 29 dec 1985. first ever daily soap Hum Log(1984), Buniyaad(1986-87) and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi(1984).

Ramayan(1987-88) and Mahabharat (1989-90), Shaktimaan,

Hindi film songs based programs like Chitrahaar, Rangoli, Ek Se Badkar Ek and Superhit Muqabla.

Crime thrillers like Karamchand

Post Liberalisation Television:

central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This process has been pursued consistently by all subsequent federal administrations. Foreign channels like CNN, Star TV and domestic channels such as Zee TV and Sun TV started satellite broadcasts

Cable TV

Conditional Access SystemCAS or conditional access system, is a digital mode

of transmitting TV channels through a set-top box (STB). viewers need to buy a set-top box to receive the signal. The STB is required to watch only pay channels.

The idea of CAS was mooted in 2001, due to a furore over charge hikes by channels and subsequently by cable operators.

Direct to HomeDTH is defined as the reception of satellite

programmes with a personal dish in an individual home.

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV):IPTV launched only in some cities around

2006-2007 by Mtnl/Bsnl later Expands to many urban areas and still expanding. IPTV in India is hardly making any impact in the market.

NTSC andPAL NTSC stands for National Television

Standards Committee. PAL stands for Phase Alternating Line.

NTSC is the standard broadcast format in the United States, while PAL is the standard broadcast format in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia.

NTSC -30 FRAMES PER SECPAL -25 FRAMES PER SEC

In Europe and other countries, electrical power is generated at 50 hertz. Televisions that utilize PAL as the broadcast format only produce 25 frames of a complete image appearing every single second. 

NTSC delivers a frame rate of 30 fps at an  and is used in North America, Japan and South Korea. 

PAL is a different video standard that is incompatible with NTSC; it uses a fame rate of 25 fps and is used in most of Europe, Australia and large parts of Africa and Asia. The differences between NTSC and PAL are the reason why some DVDs or VHS tapes from Europe may not play in the United States and vice versa. Most European DVD players can read NTSC and most PAL TVs can display NTSC video. But NTSC DVD players usually cannot read PAL.

Most people will not be able to easily tell the difference between NTSC and PAL. The main difference starts with the electrical power system that runs behind the color transmissions. In the United States, electrical power is generated at 60 hertz. The signal behind the NTSC broadcast format is set to send out 60 fields per second. Most televisions use a interlaced system, so the NTSC signal sends out 30 lines of the image, followed by another 30 alternating lines. Basically, that results in 30 frames of a complete image appearing every single second.

In Europe and other countries, electrical power is generated at 50 hertz. Televisions that utilize PAL as the broadcast format only produce 25 frames of a complete image appearing every single second. This causes problems with the proper display of motion, as it makes actors move a bit faster because of the difference in frames per second that are showing movement. If you are trying to watch a PAL movie on a NTSC television, you need to add 5 frames per second, or the motion of the film will be very jerky or