Chapter 5 Section Two Growing Sectionalism

Chapter 5 Section TwoGrowing SectionalismBackgroundSectional disputes over slavery and Westward expansion eroded the spirit of nationalism that followed the War of 1812One-Party system (Democratic-Republicans) dominated until 1820s when it began to unravelWhat does erode mean? Wear downEat away atCorrode The Missouri CompromiseMain Point: The Missouri Compromise attempted to resolve, at least temporarily, the growing disagreement between Northern & Southern States over the issue of slaveryThe Era of Good FeelingsMonroes administration Era of good feelingsTensions- reached boiling point (1819) when Missouri applied for statehoodStirred up nations most divisive issue: Whether slavery should expand west1819-11 free states 11 slave states MissouriTerritorial government request admission into Union as a slave stateCongressman James Tallmadge, Jr. (New York) proposed a resolution that prohibited slaveholders from bringing new slaves into Missouri and all enslaved children be freed at age 25House accepted but the Senate rejected (North for it, South against it)

ResolutionMaine requested admission to the Union as a separate state (part of Massachusetts before)The Senate decided to combine Maine and Missouris requests of admission to the Union as separate statesMaine a free stateMissouri- a slave stateThis solution preserved balance in the Senate

Senator Jesse Thomas (Illinois) proposed an amendmentProhibit slavery north of Missouris southern borderThis allowed slavery to expand to Arkansas territory (South of Missouri) keep slavery out of the rest of the Louisiana Purchase Carefully managed by Henry Clay (Kentucky), the house voted to accept the Compromise

A New IssuePro-slavery members of the Missouri constitutional convention added a clause that suggested prohibiting free African Americans from entering the stateThis threatened Missouris approval to the Union Henry Clay created a solution by getting the Missouri legislature to state they would not honor the spirit of the clauses wordingLooking ForwardMany were afraid the Missouri Compromise was only a temporary solutionJohn Quincy Adams wrote I take for granted, that the present question is a mere preamble- a title page to a great tragic volumeWhat is he saying?Compromise just pushes off the future debate over slavery The Elections of 1824 and 1828These elections demonstrated the growing sectionalism in the countryDemocratic-Republican had members all over at this timeThese elections would prove the party was torn along regional lines

Favorite SonsFour candidates in 1824 electionAll Republican party membersAll favorite sons- Men who enjoyed the support of leaders from their own state and regionThe CandidatesHenry Clay-Kentucky (represented the West)Andrew Jackson-Tennessee (represented the West)John Quincy Adams- Massachusetts (Represented New England)William Crawford-Georgia (represented the South)

Jeffersons PrinciplesCrawford ran on Jeffersons ideas:States rightsStrict interpretation of the Constitution

The American SystemClay Favored The national bankThe protective tariffAnd nationwide internal improvementsThese were collectively part of the American System as it would be called

JacksonJackson avoided taking a stand on specific issuesFocused on and emphasized his leadership qualities and heroism at New Orleans

Election DayJackson won most Popular VotesBut, nobody won the majority of electoral college votesConstitutional procedure election goes to the houseSelect president from one of the three who gained the most electoral votes Clay came in fourth (eliminated)Clays RoleHenry Clay was Speaker of the House (Tremendous influence)Clay and Jackson political rivals for power in the West February 9, 1825 the representatives met to chooseClay threw support behind Adams

Jackson youre ignorant, passionate, [and] corrupt

Clay youre the the meanest scoundrel that ever disgraced the image of [my] god Corrupt Bargain????Adams won by a lotSome Jackson supporters accused Clay of arranging votes for Adams in return for a cabinet postWhen president, Adams named Clay Secretary of State (cabinet position)Jacksons supporters accused Adams and Clay of striking a corrupt bargainA Divide in the Party This incident created a split in the Democratic-Republican partyJacksons supporters called themselves the DemocratsHenry Clay and his supporters called themselves the National RepublicansAdams Takes OfficeAdams announced to Congress, a program of nationalist legislation that exceeded even Clays American System

What was Clays American System?Clay Favored The national bankThe protective tariffAnd nationwide internal improvementsThese were collectively part of the American System as it would be called

What is nationalist legislation?Laws designed for the nation as a wholeAdamsInternal improvementsAdams wanted federal revenue to be used to build a national university and observatories, and to fund scientific researchWhat is an observatory?A room or building housing a telescope or other scientific equipment for the study of natural phenomenaAdamsCongress granted him funds to improve harbors, rivers, and extend the national road further westThis was much less than what he wanted Repeated rejection he got from Congress set the stage for his defeat in 1828Election of 1828 (Rematch)John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew JacksonBoth candidates engaged in mudslingingWhat does this mean?criticize each others personalities and morals Adams AttackAdams called Jackson:

incompetent both by [your] ignorance and by the fury of his passions Jacksons DefensePortrayed himself as the candidate for the common man and attacked Adams as an out-of-touch aristocratWhat is an aristocrat?A member of a ruling class or of the nobility

Jacksons DefenseJackson also mentioned again and again that Adams was untrustworthy because of the alleged corrupt bargain

ResultsJackson clear victoryWon the popular vote easilyWon the Electoral college easily Old Hickory as he was nicknamed reached the White House