growth and sectionalism
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Growth and Sectionalism. Standard 2 :The student will demonstrate an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century. Land acquisitions, motivations, railroads Monroe Doctrine, Texas, Mexican War - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Growth and SectionalismStandard 2:The student will demonstrate
an understanding of how economic developments and the westward movement impacted regional differences and democracy in the early nineteenth century.
Land acquisitions, motivations, railroadsMonroe Doctrine, Texas, Mexican WarRegional economic development
New Inventions – Items & IdeasDivided the country by Sections: Sectionalism1. South and West – Agrarian – “King Cotton” The demand for cotton led to a westward land rush and the need for more slave labor
2. Northeast – Textile Mills – cotton was being sent north to either be manufactured there or sent to Europe (rapid growth industry)
3. Western frontier was growing – desire for land.
Industrial Revolution1. Started in England – they were very
competitive – they wouldn’t let you leave the country if you were a mechanic – factory blue prints were also not allowed to leave the country
2. Began in textiles
New Inventions1. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney - easy to
use and simple to copy – cut work time 2. Steel Plow – John Deere 3. Mechanical Reaper – Cyrus McCormick 4. Telegraph – Samuel F. B. Morse
New Inventions
Samuel Slater – Brought the textile industry to the US (a mechanic that pretended to be a farmer to get out of the country and he had memorized the textile blue prints)
Steamboat – 1807 Robert Fulton
Samuel Morse and the telegraphhttp://morsecode.scphillips.com/jtranslator.
html
Mechanical Reaperby Cyrus McCormick
“King Cotton”
John Deere’s
Steel Plow
Barbed Wire
Erie Canal – 1825 http://www.eriecanalvillage.net/pages/song.html
Railroad – RR’s pushed westward bringing Irish and Chinese to build the Transcontinental RR – Henry Bessemer of the “Bessemer Process” turned iron into steel
Erie Canal
Erie Canal
Early RailroadsBy the 1830s they began to take the place
of canals and stagecoach
Innovations during Jacksonian Era
The Jackson Era
• He was the first president to ride on a railroad train, the first to be born in a log cabin and the first president to be nominated by a political party.
• He survived the first attempt to assassinate a president.
• He is known historically for creating a strong executive branch.
• At age 13, while serving in the army, he was captured by the British. The British officer in charge ordered Jackson to clean his boots. Jackson refused; the officer struck him with his sword, leaving Jackson's face and hand permanently scarred
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson’s PresidencyElection of 1828
1st Democrat as President 1st President from west of
Appalachian Mts. (from a poor family / self made)
1st election that involved types of entertainment (parades, rallies)
Lots of mud slinging – messy campaign
Andrew Jackson’s Presidency:
Election of 1828 (continued) Jackson was a “man of the people”
or “King Mob.” He extended voting rights to
middle class and poor Jackson angry about the 1824
election, he resented the wealthy and didn’t trust politicians and he blamed them for his wife’s death.
Jackson used the “spoils system” – he replaced people in Washington with his friends and party members (patronage)
He also used his “Kitchen Cabinet” who were his friends for advisors instead of his real cabinet
Jackson as the “Great Father”
Jackson’s Indian Removal Act 1830 Jackson forced tribes off their land promising them
western land. Ex. “Trail of Tears” – mostly Cherokee forced from southeast to Oklahoma; 4,000 out of 17,000 died.
Resisted: Black Hawk War Seminole War (Osceola)• The Indian Removal Act went against the Supreme
Court• The removal of Indians from their land continued into
the late 1800’s causing constant strife. It was further fueled by the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad.
Trail of Tears
Freedom of Economic Opportunity
1. Immigrants, especially Irish were attracted to the Democratic Party
2. Jackson pushed to open more Western land which created more problems with the Indians.
Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government
Federal Power vs. State’s Rights “Tariff of Abominations” 1828 – the
federal government put a tax on imports encouraging people to buy U.S. goods
This made cheap British goods unavailable to the South – forcing the South to buy more expensive Northern goods
Jackson and the Power of the Federal Government
John C. Calhoun (Jackson’s V.P.) from S.C. anonymously wrote the Nullification Theory – stating S.C. could reject a federal law if it is not in the best interest of the state.
-1832 Election – Calhoun was dropped as V.P. under Jackson
S.C. threatened to secede – (Withdraw from the Union)
Jackson was furious and passed the “Force Bill” authorizing the military to use force if S.C. resisted (a new compromise stopped possible war)
The Texas RevolutionStephen Austin – formed a colony on Mexican
territory – By 1830, over 20,000 US settlers were in the territory
Cultural differences arise: - Anglos spoke English NOT Spanish - Anglos were Protestant, Mexico was Catholic - Southerners were bringing slaves and Mexico
had outlawed slavery.*** Rebellions break out; the Texas Revolution
begins (1835)
Texas Territory
The Texas Revolution
Jim Bowie
Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis
The Alamo
In 1836, Santa Anna attacked the Alamo killing all the US defenders including Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett and William Barrett Travis.
Sam Houston led an attack capturing Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. His rally cry:“REMEMBER THE ALAMO!”
Texas Flag“Lone Star Republic”
Treaty of Velasco – granted Texas it’s independence
and Houston was elected President of
the Lone Star Republic
The South wanted to annex Texas and expand slavery, the North did not
James K. Polk was elected in 1844 and pushed for gaining Texas (1845) and war with Mexico in hopes of gaining more land.
Mexican War: 1846 to 1848
Mex. Attacks after U.S. annexed the Republic of Texas
Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo (1848) ends the war with Mexico who cedes western lands to the US ($15 million)
Oregon TerritoryPresident Polk- 1846An agreement with Great BritainExtends boundary to current line with
Canada
Gadsden Purchase – set current borders for the continental US
1849 California GOLD RUSH!! – mass migration of all types looking for gold (Forty-niners)
1850 – California becomes a state and outlaws
slavery
Gadsden Purchase
More Reasons to GO WEST!RELIGIOUS – MORMONS flee religious
persecution; Brigham Young leads them to Utah (Salt Lake City)
Govt. Support – (1862) HOMESTEAD ACT – offers 160 acres free to settle
EX. Oklahoma Land Rush- “Sooners” about 50,000 participate
(1862) Morrill Act – grants funding to agricultural & mechanical colleges
Oklahoma Land Races
Sod Houses
Sod House