Chapter 5Ancient Rome and the Rise of

Christianity

1

Christianity -Early on in Pax Romana, a new religion, Christianity emerged in a distant corner of the Empire-Many different religions in the empire-By 63 B.C., Romans had conquered Judea where most Jewish people lived.

2

-Romans allowed Jewish people to worship their one god

-Many Jews reluctantly lived under Roman rule, however, some wanted a revolt against Rome and believed a messiah would come to lead their people to freedom

Jesus

-born in 4 B.C. in Bethlehem -worshipped God and followed Jewish law-at 30 began preaching to villagers, used parables-short stories to teach about the kingdom of heaven and working miracles such as the feeding of the 5,000 and raising Lazarus from the dead-called 12 disciples to help him spread his ideas; they were called apostles-some Jews welcomed Jesus, but many of the priests felt he threatened their leadership and their relationship with Rome-Roman authorities were convinced by the priests that Jesus would lead the Jews in a revolt against their rule 3

Death of Jesus-According to the gospels (first 4 books of the New Testament which chronicle his life), Jesus was betrayed by one of his disciples, arrested by the Romans, and killed by crucifixion-a person was bound to a cross and left to die

The Gospels relate that Jesus had died but had risen from the dead and commanded his disciples to spread his teachings throughout all the world after which he ascended into heaven.

4

Christianity Spreads-Followers of Jesus were called Christians-Disciples preached the message of Christianity throughout the Roman world-Peter established Christianity in Rome itself-Paul played the most influential role in spreading Christianity

5

He spread Christianity throughout the Mediterranean

-His letters became part of the New Testament in the Bible

Christians Oppressed-Romans were not tolerant towards Christians because:

-they refused to honor the emperor with sacrifices-they refused to worship Roman gods to protect the state

-Christians were used as scapegoats, blamed for social and economic problems-Many Christians became martyrs- or people who suffer or die for their beliefs-However, Christianity continued to spread due to the fact that all people were welcome, it promised a better life after death, and it taught people a better way to live 6

Early Christian Church-Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan in A.D. 313.

7

-The Edict granted freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire

-By the end of the century, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire

Structure of the ChurchThe Christian Clergy

Bishop Bishop Bishop

Pope/Patriarch

DiocesePriest

+Community

DiocesePriest

+Community

DiocesePriest

+Community

8