Chapter 3 – Human Body Systems

Tina Miklius

Lesson 1 – What is the circulatory System?

• The circulatory system moves material around the body–Parts: Blood, heart, blood vessels

It brings food and oxygen to body cells and removes cells’ wastes.

Functions of Blood

Platelets

Plasma

RBCs

WBCs

BLOOD CLOTS• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--

bZUeb83uU&feature=related

Valves with DR.OZ

• Wow! You can understand Big Ideas here!• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/sharecare/

31112-dr-oz-aortic-valve-disease-video.htm

Blood Vessels• http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/circ.htm• http://vimeo.com/12746026

3 main types:• 1. Arteries

– Carry blood AWAY from <3 • 2. Veins

– Carry blood TOWARD <3• 3. Capillaries

– Connect arteries to veins– Allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and other

materials b/w blood and cells

ARTERIES• Carry blood away from the heart-

– Thickest walls

– Carry oxygen-rich blood to the body

VEINS

Carry blood that needs oxygen back to the heart.- Thinner walls than arteries

CAPILLARIES

VALVES

• A Faucet is a type of valve. What does a valve do???

VALVES• They are flaps that act like doors to keep

blood flowing in one direction. • They open to allow blood to flow to the heart

and close if blood begins to flow away from the heart.

• They are found in VEINS ONLY!!!!!!!!

DO NOW

• Lay your hand (palm side up) on their desk and count how many times you can open and close your hand for one minute.

• What is your hand doing?? • What part of the body might your hand

represent???

DO NOW:

• What are the 4 parts of blood and briefly say what each does

• What are 3 three types of blood vessels

THE HEART!• Procedure• Help the students locate their pulse points either on their wrists or

necks. Ask students to place their right index and middle finger on the palm side of their left wrist. On the neck, the pulse point is located beneath the ear and jawbone. How do I find my pulse?

• Count the number of beats in 15 seconds. Multiply this by four (15x4=60, there are 60 seconds in one minute). This is how many times the heart beats in one minute. Have students enter this "at rest" heart rate on their chart. (Student pulse rate at rest will vary between 60 - 110 beats per minute. Adult rates are lower.)

• Do some exercise such as running in place, jumping jacks, or other exercise for one minute. Stop and calculate pulse again over 15 seconds. Calculate the heart rate for each activity and show this on the graph.

Parts of the Heart

• Heart is a double pump.• Right side:

– Collects blood that already went to the body and sends it to the lungs

• Left side:– Collects blood that came from the lungs and is rich

in OXYGEN and sends it to the arteries to go to the body

Listen to the Heart!

• http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson4.htm

The HEART – Cool websites

• http://www.smm.org/studio3d/julie/hearthome.htm

DO NOW

• Put your hands on your sides just slightly higher than your waist.

• Take a few deep breaths• What physical changes do you feel

during each breath?• What organs allow you to take deep

breaths?

The Respiratory System

By BREATHING!!!!!!!!!!

STEP ONE!

• Where is the oxygen that our body needs? How is our body going to get it?It’s outside, all around us. We

obtain it by breathing through our mouths and noses. We pull the air into us!

Mouth and NoseHow would you describe mucus? What Does it do? Is it important?

Mucus = a sticky, thick fluid that traps dust, germs, and other things that might be in the air

What happens when we breathe?

What do sinuses do?

OKAY…. So .

• We’ve now got the oxygen from the air around us into our body. Our sinuses warm it up and moisten it, and our mucus is there to make sure that no invaders get into our body! The air is going to go past your voice box (larynx). But what is the goal? Where are we trying to get the air to and how is it going to get there??

Well…. It’s gonna get to your lungs through a tube.

Bronchioles = bronchi break into smaller and smaller tubes

RECAP:• Okay, we got the oxygen THROUGH the nose

and mouth, the sinuses, past the larynx, down the trachea, split to the bronchi, split further into bronchioles…

• Where’s the final destination we want to get the oxygen?

• I told you that you breathe in air through your mouth and nose. It’s true that the air comes in through there, but the reason it does is because of something else!

DIAPHRAGM

Parts of The Respiratory system

Breathing is so vital to life that it happens automatically. Each day, you breathe about 20,000 times, and by the time you're 70 years old, you'll have taken at least 600 million breaths.

http://www.smm.org/heart/lungs/breathing.htmhttp://lung.ca/children/grades4_6/respiratory/

index.html

Read pages 72-73. see diagrams

Respiratory and Circulatory System working together

• The bronchioles branch into smaller and smaller tube that end with a cluster of air sas. Air sacs are surrounded by capillaries. From the air sacs, oxygen passes into the blood of capillaries and carbon dioxide goes from the blood into the air sacs.

Respiratory Disease• Cold – ( virus)

– – runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing

• Influenza – (virus)– – cough, sore throat, stuff nose

• Pneumonia – (bacteria or virus) – – cough, chest pain, shortness of breath

• Tuberculosis – (bacteria) – – cough, fever, wheezing

• Lung Cancer – (tobacco, chemicals) – – lung cells grow incorrectly and quickly

Digestive System• Function = organs break down food

so that nutrients can enter the blood and reach the body’s cells

Digestion has 2 Missions:

Step 1 – THE TEETH• Digestion starts here. Teeth start

tearing and crushing the food down into small enough pieces so that it can fit down our throats.

Step 2 – The Saliva

Lots of times, saliva starts working before you start eating. When seeing tasty food makes your mouth water, your digestive system is preparing to do its job!!!

Step 3 – The TONGUE :-P

Step 4 – The Esophagus

TheEsophagus!

Step 5 – the S t o m a c h

Stomach cont’d• Rings of muscle squeeze the top and bottom

of the stomach to keep food inside.• The walls of your stomach can expand when

you eat a lot

The “Sphincters” are the muscles.The fundus are the folds in your stomach

Heartburn??!?!?

DIGESTION VIDEOS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UR2r1sHjLX0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7jKCfx-

0Mo&NR=1• http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=2ea7LtEZOYk&feature=related– Kids version

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08VyJOEcDos– Good for epiglottis

Liver and Pancreas• Make important chemicals for digestion

Step 6 – The Small Intestine

Step 7 – The LARGE intestine“Colon”

Bacteria in the large intestine are helpful to make vitamins and fight off bad bacteria.

THE URINARY SYSTEM

The urinary system

THE KIDNEYS

DO NOW

• Page 82-83. Answer the multiple choice questions.

HOMEWORK:

• Page 84-85 Chapter review