Chapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601Chapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaEconomic Imperialism in Latin AmericaChapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601Chapter 25 / Section III: Pages 597-601Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaEconomic Imperialism in Latin America

This section is about:This section is about: How many Latin How many Latin

American nations American nations achieved independence achieved independence only to fall victim to only to fall victim to economic imperialism.economic imperialism.

How the United States How the United States took a role in keeping took a role in keeping European imperialism European imperialism out of Latin America.out of Latin America.

Look at page 597…Look at page 597… ……and the Main Ideas:and the Main Ideas: A: What do we already A: What do we already

know about Latin American know about Latin American independence?independence?

B: Where might the United B: Where might the United States still have an influence States still have an influence in Latin America today?in Latin America today?

C: Mexico’s independence? C: Mexico’s independence? Is this Cinco de Mayo?Is this Cinco de Mayo?

We had Imperialism in Africa We had Imperialism in Africa and then in India. It’s also and then in India. It’s also happened in the Americas. happened in the Americas. Even though many countries Even though many countries declared independence from declared independence from European powers, they were European powers, they were still controlled by them at still controlled by them at times.times.

Effects of Colonial Effects of Colonial ImperialismImperialism

Before Europeans came, Native Before Europeans came, Native Americans were doing fine – Americans were doing fine – taking care of all their own taking care of all their own needs or trading with each needs or trading with each other.other.

Europeans damaged all that by Europeans damaged all that by controlling the industry and controlling the industry and trade.trade.

This left Latin American This left Latin American countries dependent on countries dependent on European countries.European countries.

While European countries did While European countries did improve technology, improve technology, communication, and communication, and transportation, they gave Latin transportation, they gave Latin Americans no say in their own Americans no say in their own government (until Simon government (until Simon Bolivar).Bolivar).

Economic Imperialism in Latin Economic Imperialism in Latin AmericaAmerica

Even after some Latin Even after some Latin American countries became American countries became independent, they still relied independent, they still relied on European countries for on European countries for trade (and a market to sell to).trade (and a market to sell to).

And European countries And European countries continued to invest in L.A. continued to invest in L.A. countries (if they helped them countries (if they helped them build better transportation, build better transportation, Europe could get more and Europe could get more and cheaper products)cheaper products)

But most of that money only But most of that money only went to a small group of went to a small group of people.people.

Most L.A. people were very Most L.A. people were very poor.poor.

Unpaid loans meant European Unpaid loans meant European countries could come in and countries could come in and try and take control.try and take control.

Areas of WeaknessAreas of Weakness

Problems between Problems between countries and social countries and social classes made it hard classes made it hard for L.A.’s to unite and for L.A.’s to unite and work together.work together.

These weaknesses These weaknesses encouraged foreign encouraged foreign powers to take control, powers to take control, or that some people or that some people might even become might even become dictators.dictators.

Either way, Europeans Either way, Europeans wanted to come in and wanted to come in and take over.take over.

The Monroe The Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

The United States knew The United States knew Europe wanted to have Europe wanted to have greater powers in the greater powers in the Americas. Americas.

That’s where the Monroe That’s where the Monroe Doctrine came from.Doctrine came from.

The Monroe Doctrine said: …The Monroe Doctrine said: … The U.S. was not a powerful The U.S. was not a powerful

country yet (European country yet (European countries made fun of the countries made fun of the Monroe Doctrine because Monroe Doctrine because they were pretty sure we they were pretty sure we couldn’t back up our couldn’t back up our warning).warning).

But Great Britain was our But Great Britain was our side, and that helped keep side, and that helped keep Europe away.Europe away.

United States ImperialismUnited States Imperialism

Many Americans felt the Many Americans felt the United States started needing United States started needing to act like a world power.to act like a world power.

And, expanding U.S. interests And, expanding U.S. interests and influence was one way to and influence was one way to do that.do that.

Through investments and Through investments and trade, the U.S. slowly began trade, the U.S. slowly began to gain some economic to gain some economic control of Latin America.control of Latin America.

Like: when Cuba rebelled Like: when Cuba rebelled against Spain, their sugar against Spain, their sugar businesses were ruined – and businesses were ruined – and the U.S. was glad to go in, the U.S. was glad to go in, and rescue the businesses by and rescue the businesses by taking them over.taking them over.

(“Out of the frying pan, into the fire”)

The Spanish-American WarThe Spanish-American War When Cuba was trying to get When Cuba was trying to get

independence from Spain, the U.S. independence from Spain, the U.S. sent a ship (The USS Maine) to sent a ship (The USS Maine) to Cuba to protect Americans living Cuba to protect Americans living there. there.

In the middle of one night it blew In the middle of one night it blew up and Spain was blamed (did they up and Spain was blamed (did they do it?).do it?).

The U.S. told Spain: if they’d leave The U.S. told Spain: if they’d leave and go home, we wouldn’t go to and go home, we wouldn’t go to war with them.war with them.

Spain didn’t leave and there was a Spain didn’t leave and there was a war (for 4 months) – which the U.S. war (for 4 months) – which the U.S. dominated.dominated.

In the peace treaty, it was agreed In the peace treaty, it was agreed Spain would leave Cuba and Spain would leave Cuba and although Cuba would now be although Cuba would now be independent, the U.S. could occupy independent, the U.S. could occupy it (and have a military/Navy base it (and have a military/Navy base there (Gitmo).there (Gitmo).

(Cuba was not in on the (Cuba was not in on the agreement)agreement)

Big Stick DiplomacyBig Stick Diplomacy At a time when European countries were spreading their At a time when European countries were spreading their

imperialistic ideas, President Roosevelt and the United States imperialistic ideas, President Roosevelt and the United States had a little different plan.had a little different plan.

The plan was just to have some control in other countries and The plan was just to have some control in other countries and not make them actual colonies - though still being a threat to not make them actual colonies - though still being a threat to them.them.

The phrase “speak softly but carry a big stick” comes from this.The phrase “speak softly but carry a big stick” comes from this.

The Panama Canal The Panama Canal (site)(site) The U.S. had always wanted to build The U.S. had always wanted to build

a canal between the Atlantic and a canal between the Atlantic and Pacific.Pacific.

They thought they had an They thought they had an agreement to build one in the agreement to build one in the Columbian state of Panama.Columbian state of Panama.

The Columbian government then The Columbian government then decided they didn’t want to.decided they didn’t want to.

A group of Panamanians A group of Panamanians (encouraged by the U.S.?) had a (encouraged by the U.S.?) had a rebellion and declared Panama rebellion and declared Panama independent.independent.

Three days later, the U.S. Three days later, the U.S. “recognized” the new country of “recognized” the new country of Panama and even sent the Navy to Panama and even sent the Navy to stop Columbia from trying to get it stop Columbia from trying to get it back.back.

Two weeks later, Panama gave the Two weeks later, Panama gave the U.S. permission to build their canal.U.S. permission to build their canal.

Columbia was outraged.Columbia was outraged.

Reform and Change in Reform and Change in MexicoMexico

Mexico was able to break away Mexico was able to break away from Spain in 1821.from Spain in 1821.

They were able to do that, but They were able to do that, but they weren’t strong enough and they weren’t strong enough and united enough yet to have a united enough yet to have a stable and completely set up stable and completely set up country.country.

In 1835, the people living in In 1835, the people living in Texas wanted to break away and Texas wanted to break away and start their own republic and they start their own republic and they did.did.

When they soon asked to be When they soon asked to be added to the U.S. as a state, added to the U.S. as a state, Mexico declared war on the U.S.Mexico declared war on the U.S.

When the U.S won (two years), When the U.S won (two years), Mexico was forced to also give Mexico was forced to also give up half their territory (and the up half their territory (and the U.S. gave them $15 million). U.S. gave them $15 million).

It was 1848.It was 1848.

Benito Pablo Juarez and Porfirio Benito Pablo Juarez and Porfirio DiazDiaz

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had been running Mexico as a “dictator” been running Mexico as a “dictator” for a while.for a while.

Benito JuarezBenito Juarez led a reform movement led a reform movement and soon became president of and soon became president of Mexico.Mexico.

One way he decided to help Mexico One way he decided to help Mexico recover was to stop paying back recover was to stop paying back foreign loans.foreign loans.

Britain, France, and Spain sent ships Britain, France, and Spain sent ships to demand their money.to demand their money.

Britain and Spain negotiated an Britain and Spain negotiated an agreement and left.agreement and left.

France got to mad they made one of France got to mad they made one of their own people an “official their own people an “official emperor” of Mexico - but he was soon emperor” of Mexico - but he was soon overthrown - with their final, ultimate overthrown - with their final, ultimate victory coming on victory coming on May 5May 5thth, 1862., 1862.

M.I.D. is September 16M.I.D. is September 16thth (from Spain). (from Spain). …………………………..

In 1877, In 1877, Porfirio DiazPorfirio Diaz also led a also led a series of revolts and he took series of revolts and he took over as president (really a over as president (really a dictatorial ruledictatorial rule).).

He bought order and He bought order and modernization to Mexico.modernization to Mexico.

He strengthened the army and He strengthened the army and the police.the police.

He encouraged the building of He encouraged the building of railroads.railroads.

He looked for foreign investors.He looked for foreign investors. But he did favor rich But he did favor rich

landowners, and often let them landowners, and often let them take land from Native take land from Native Americans.Americans.

So, many farmers became So, many farmers became landless, and then underpaid landless, and then underpaid and treated badly.and treated badly.

By 1910, there was a revolt and By 1910, there was a revolt and by 1911, Diaz had resigned by 1911, Diaz had resigned (moving to / dying in Paris in (moving to / dying in Paris in 1915).1915).A government where the ruler has complete and total

power

Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Emiliano Zapata and Pancho VillaVilla

Francisco Madero succeeded Diaz. Francisco Madero succeeded Diaz. His supporters were disappointed His supporters were disappointed

in him. Two of them were….in him. Two of them were…. Emiliano Zapata (Native Emiliano Zapata (Native

American) and Pancho VillaAmerican) and Pancho Villa (a (a former bandit) called for the former bandit) called for the immediate transfer of land to immediate transfer of land to peasant famers.peasant famers.

To try and get that, they had their To try and get that, they had their people “take up arms” against people “take up arms” against Mexico.Mexico.

Zapata was murdered in 1915. Zapata was murdered in 1915. Villa survived (until 1920) and Villa survived (until 1920) and

actually accepted a new actually accepted a new government that came in 1920.government that came in 1920.

It took a long time for Mexico to It took a long time for Mexico to stabilize.stabilize.

(Pancho Villa is really José Doroteo (Pancho Villa is really José Doroteo Arango Arámbula)Arango Arámbula)