chapter 17: the tide of war turns - kyrene school district · 5 sq3r chapter 17—the tide of war...

Chapter 17:

The Tide of War Turns

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Period__________Teacher_____________

Test Date___________________________

Goal: Students will be able to identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the

nation.

4 I am able to identify, analyze, and explain the ways that the Civil War transformed the

nation.

3 I can identify and analyze the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.

2 I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.

1 With help, I can identify the ways that the Civil War transformed the nation.

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SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 1–The Emancipation Proclamation p.536-541

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 1) One American’s Story 2) A War of Liberation 3) Abolitionists Demand Action 4) The Emancipation Proclamation 5) Response to the Proclamation 6) Fighting for Freedom 7) African-American Soldiers 8) The 54

th Massachusetts

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 9. Emancipation Proclamation 10. 54

th Massachusetts Volunteers

11. Emancipate 12. Commander-in-Chief 13. Liberation 14. Prolong

SURVEY continued 15. Battle of Antietam Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 16. p.537 17. p.538 18. p.539 19. p.540 20. p.541

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QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war effort?

How did African-American soldiers contribute to the Union cause?

How did the Civil War transform the nation?

READ continued 25. Response to the Proclamation

Abolitionists mixed feelings about EP. Some happy it is 1st step. Some angry, EP didn’t free ALL slaves. N Dems: Angry; say it will prolong war. South: FURIOUS! How DARE he! N Soldiers: happy at psychological blow to South army; also gives North more men to help fight. 26. Fighting for Freedom

EP said Afr-Am men can fight in Union army. 27. African-American Soldiers

Fred Douglass wanted Afr-Am soldiers from start of war to be able to fight. 166 “Colored” regiments; 180,000 Black soldiers fight & most came from South. Lots of discrimination/racism. Some White soldiers learn to respect Afr-Ams on battlefield. 28. 54

th Massachusetts

The 54th Massachusetts volunteers were one of the first Afr-Am regiment. At first they were discriminated. In July 1863, they lead an attack on Ft. Wagner, that event increased Afr-Am enlistment.

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words:

21. One American’s Story

Abolitionists like Frederick Douglass asked Lincoln to emancipate (free) slaves to help fight against South. 22. A War of Liberation

War made Americans take a stand on slavery issue, FINALLY! 23. Abolitionists Demand Action

Slavery starts collapsing in South during war. Lincoln puts out EP as military action in role as Commander-in-Chief & he doesn’t want to anger the BORDER STATES. 24. The Emancipation Proclamation (EP)

Jan.1, 1863, Lincoln issues EP.

All slaved in CSA are free.

Afr-Ams allowed in Union army. North: war to maintain Union & to end slavery.

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RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

29. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect the war effort?

Effects on the North Effects on the South

30. How did African-American soldiers contribute to the Union cause?

Highly motivated to fight harder!

180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military; 166 regiments

Boosts morale of troops (makes them happier & more confident)

See it as their war to end slavery 31. In what ways did the Civil War transform America?

Gives Afr-Ams the right to fight in combat

Union has more troops

Some Cau-Ams start to respect Afr-Ams soldiers on the battlefield

Ending some slavery (in CSA territory)

Changed purpose of war to include liberation of slaves

180,000 Afr-Ams enlist in military

Boosts morale of troops (makes them happier & more confident)

Some in North are angry (abolitionists & Northern Democrats)

South FURIOUS!

South troops concerned with those at home.

Many slaves run away (hurts economy)

More outnumbered on battlefield

Interferes with supplies to troops

Emancipation Proclamation (EP)

Slavery Military/Soldiers

CSA slaves free 180,000 Afr-Ams enlist

South irate! (really angry) War of liberation

South economy weakened 54th MA Volunteers @ Ft.

Wagner, SC

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REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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SQ3R Chapter 17—The Tide of War Turns, Section 2–War Affect Society p.542-547

SURVEY Headings and Subheadings: 9) One American’s Story 10) A Divisive Time 11) Disagreements About the War 12) Slaves Undermine the Confederacy 13) The Draft Laws 14) Economic and Social Change 15) Economic Effects of the War 16) Women Aid the War Effort 17) War Transforms Society

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions: 10. Copperheads 11. Writ of Habeas Corpus 12. Clara Barton 13. Conscription 14. Income Tax

SURVEY continued 15. Greenback 16. Inflation Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text: 17. p.543 18. p.544 19. p.545 20. p. 546 21. p. 547

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QUESTION Go over the questions to read with a purpose:

What disagreements happened in the North and in the South during the war?

What economic and social changes were caused by the war?

In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?

READ continued 27. Economic and Social Change

In North & South things are changing because of the war. Women are becoming nurses. Poverty & hunger problems more in South than in North.

28. Economic Effects of the War

South had outrageously high inflation. 1861 in North, government creates greenbacks & income tax to help pay for war.

29. Women Aid the War Effort

Thousands of women served on the front lines as volunteer workers and nurses such as Clara Barton & Susie King Taylor. Taylor said, “Many lives were lost-not men alone but noble women as well’’. By the end of the war 20,000 nurses had worked in CSA and Union hospitals. Women enlisted disguised as men (Jennie Hodgers/Albert Cashier) and women spies (Harriet Tubman & Belle Boyd) were sent in as well.

30. War Transforms Society

Women become active in the war effort. Afr-Ams were starting to gain more rights a several states began repealing discriminatory laws. In the south, they questioned why they were asked to fight a war for rich slave owners. Social resentment, inflation, and food shortages began to destroy southern morale because of the war.

READ/RAP -Read each section below, stop, ask yourself the main

idea and details, Paraphrase/Put it in your own words: 22. One American’s Story

April 4, 1863, women cause bread riot over food shortages in CSA capital of Richmond.

23. A Divisive Time

Not just North v. South. There were arguments between Northerners (North v. North) and others between Southerners (South v. South).

24. Disagreements About the War

1863 West Virginia separates from VA and joins Union. In North: Copperheads speak out against Lincoln, so Lincoln puts them in jail (without/suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus). 25. Slaves Undermine the Confederacy

Slaves weakened CSA by slowing/stopping work. After EP, runaways increased. Some would follow Union army.

26. The Draft Laws

North & South passed conscription laws that forced men to join military. Irish-Ams in NYC destroy property and harm Afr-Ams during 4-day long draft riot.

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How did the American Civil War affect society?

RETELL/ RECITE Answer the ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS!

31. What disagreements happened in the North and in the South during the war?

Northern Disagreements Southern Disagreements

32. What economic and social changes were caused by the war?

Economic Changes Social Changes

33. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?

Afr-Ams are soldiers; women become nurses; women disguised as men serve in military; Afr-Ams get more rights; women & minorities work in factories; draft laws; slavery decreases; food shortages & inflation cause problems in society; greenbacks & income tax created to minimize inflation and help pay for war; inflation;

Copperheads want peace so Lincoln suspends Writ of HC & jails them

Conscription arguments lead to 4-day draft riot in NYC by Irish-Ams against Afr-Ams.

Food shortages lead to bread riots in Richmond

Poor whites see conscription as unfair because rich get out of serving if they have 20+ slaves; it is the “rich man’s war”

More slaves escape/run-away; slow down or stop working

WV leaves VA and rejoins Union as a new “border” state

Greenbacks & income tax created in North to minimize inflation & pay for war.

Afr-Ams can serve in military

Poverty & hunger worse in CSA

Women okay to be nurses

Minorities & women get work in factories

Draft laws (conscription)

Afr-Ams gain more rights

The Civil War affected society in many ways.

Economic Changes Social Changes

Political Changes:

Society was affected by

political changes.

Copperheads/Lincoln suspends

Writ of HC to jail them (against

1st Amendment!) Inflation Afr-Ams get more rights

Women get more opportunities; nurses Greenbacks/income tax

Conscription/Draft laws

WV formed & joins USA

Afr-Ams get more jobs Slavery decreases; runaway/slow

work

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REVIEW Informational Text- Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

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The Civil War affected society in many ways.

society was affected by political changes.

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Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557

Survey Headings and Subheadings:

1. One American’s Story 2. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg 3. Lee Invades the North 4. The Battle of Gettysburg 5. The Siege of Vicksburg 6. The Confederacy Falls 7. Sherman Takes Atlanta 8. Grant’s Virginia Campaign 9. Richmond Falls

10. Surrender at Appomattox

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:

11. Battle of Gettysburg

12. George Pickett

13. Pickett’s Charge

14. Siege of Vicksburg

15. Sherman’s March to the Sea

Survey continued

16. Appomattox Court House

17. Dislodge

Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:

18. p.549

19. p. 550-551

20. p. 552

21. p.553

22. p.554

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Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose.

Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so significant?

What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg?

What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat Lee?

How did Grant’s new strategy defeat the Confederacy?

Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee?

In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?

Read/RAP: Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main

idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own words).


Tillie witnessed Gettysburg, PA, battle & tended Union soldiers who were wounded.

24. Union Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg

In 1863, CSA General Lee invaded North again. FATAL mistake! Gettysburg & Vicksburg are turning points in war.

25. Lee Invades the North Lee’s victory at Chancellorsville motivated him

to invade North again. In June 1863, he crossed

into US territory. Meets up with US forces at

Gettysburg, PA and fight begins on July 1, 1863.

26. The Battle of Gettysburg 3-day battle was Union win for US Gen. George

Meade. On 3rd day, CSA Gen. Pickett led the

disastrous “Pickett’s Charge”. USA dead 23,000

(1/4), CSA 28,000 (1/3). Lee’s hopes of winning

war crushed and he runs back to VA. Meade

lets him go, so Lincoln isn’t happy with Meade.

27. The Siege of Vicksburg

July 4, 1863, Vicksburg, MS, CSA surrendered city to General Grant (USA) after a 1½ month siege. Grant has gained total control of Mississippi (MS) River & completed his part of Anaconda Plan.

Read: continued

28. The Confederacy Falls

March 1864, Lincoln picks Grant as head of all US forces (Army of the Potomac). Grant chases Lee in VA, while Sherman tears path of destruction through Deep South. 29. Sherman Takes Atlanta

Sherman takes Atlanta, GA, in Sept. 1864. His victory affected the US presidential election (Lincoln v. McClellan). Lincoln won re-election. Sherman burns Atlanta in Nov. 1864; then starts March to the Sea where he uses “total war” which destroys EVERYTHING that the South can use to fight. Pulls up railroad tracks (Sherman’s bow ties), burns fields, & slaughters livestock in his 60-mile wide & 300-mile long route. 30. Grant’s Virginia Campaign

Grant pursued Lee all over VA. Grant’s strategy was brutal (no retreat, no surrender) and caused high casualties. May 1864, at Wilderness, Grant loses 17,000 men. At Spotsylvania & Cold Harbor in June, 7,000 US lost. US forces dig trenches in Petersburg later in June & starts a 9-month siege. 31. Richmond Falls

April 1865, Lee sent CSA Pres. Davis letter telling him to leave Richmond. CSA leaves Richmond & burns anything US could use for war. The fire spreads through most of Richmond. US forces take control of Richmond & Lincoln tours it on April 3rd. 32. Surrender at Appomattox

After Richmond fell, Lee headed west trying to get his troops to supplies. US forces cut him off. Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. Grant feeds CSA troops & lets them go home with personal items & weapons so long as they promise not to fight anymore.

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Recite/Retell answer the essential questions.

33. Why were the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg so important?

US victory at Vicksburg gives Union full control of Mississippi River and completes 1 part of Anaconda Plan.

US victory at Gettysburg stops Lee’s 2nd invasion of North. Lee cannot recover from loss of troops, CSA does not get support from Europe, and CSA cannot force Lincoln into peace talks.

Battles at Gettysburg & Vicksburg ARE THE TURNING POINTS in the war. 34. What advantage did Union forces gain by fighting on higher ground in the Battle of Gettysburg?

Higher elevation has better cover (can duck behind horizon of hill)

Stationary (do not have to advance without cover-out in the open)

Can pick off targets without putting themselves at risk

Shooting downward goes with gravity not against it (velocity)

Troops coming up hill will go slower so they are an easier target 35. What qualities did Grant have that helped him defeat Lee?

Willing to lose/sacrifice lives in order to have successful mission

Even though he is NOT a master at strategy, Grant sticks to his plan (determined/single-minded)

Grant continues to follow Lee, he doesn’t quit/give up/take a break

Had bigger population to draw from to get replacement (fresh) soldiers

Had plenty of supplies 36. How did Grant’s new strategy defeat the Confederacy?

Continues to follow Lee’s forces without giving them a rest

Grant doesn’t give up 37. Why do you think Grant gave generous terms of surrender to Lee?

Grant doesn’t want to “punish” them further

Wants to start repairing the damage/hard feelings between North & South

They are no longer enemies once the CSA surrenders; they are all one nation again.

Grant understands that everyone is tired of war and wants to start healing. 38. In what ways did the Civil War transform the nation?

CSA states become part of the USA again

Slaves in the South are free

Lower population because of so many soldiers dying

What led to the North winning the American Civil War?

The North won the American Civil War for several reasons.

Events Strategies Leaders

Sherman: Total war

Grant: No surrender Sherman; his march Gettysburg; Pickett

Grant; chases Lee

Appomattox

Vicksburg

Finishing Anaconda

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Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 3: The North Wins p.548-557

Review Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen within 24 hours of reading!

The North won the American Civil War for several reasons. Transition

Events: There were some key events that led the North to win the American Civil War. Gettysburg,

Pickett, & disastrous charge

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SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562

Survey Headings and Subheadings:

1. One American’s Story 2. Costs of War 3. Terrible Losses 4. The South in Ruins 5. Lincoln’s Assassination 6. The Nation Transformed 7. A New Nation 8. The Thirteenth Amendment

Boldfaced or italicized words and their definitions:

9. Walt Whitman

10. Ford’s Theatre

11. John Wilkes Booth

12. Thirteenth Amendment

13. Ratify

Survey continued

Explanation of any pictures or graphics in the text:

14. p.559

15. p.560

16. p.561

17. p.563

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Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562

Question: Go over the questions to read with a purpose

What were the losses and gains of the war?

How might photographs have changed civilians’ attitudes to war?

What changes did the war bring about?

In what ways are the effects of the Civil War still being felt today?

How did the Civil War transform the nation? Read/RAP: Read each section below. Stop. Ask yourself the main

idea and details. Paraphrase (put it in your own words).


Walt Whitman (poet) was too old to be soldier, so he volunteered as a nurse. He wrote many poems about the war & Lincoln’s death. Lincoln is 1st President to be assassinated in office.

19. Costs of War

With defeat of CSA, the Union is preserved, but at a terrible cost. (All one nation again)

20. Terrible Losses

Civil War is deadliest in US history! 620,000 men dead (US=360,000; CS=260,000) and 375,000 wounded (US=275,000 and CS=100,000). Many of the wounded suffer health issues for the rest of their lives.

21. The South in Ruins

War brought disaster to South. 40% of livestock dead & 50% of farm machinery destroyed. 1000s of miles of railroad tracks torn up. Pre-war, South had 30% of nation’s wealth and after it only had 12%. South’s factories were demolished. It will take several decades for South to fully recover.

Read: continued

22. Lincoln’s Assassination

5 days after Lee’s surrender, on April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre by CSA supporter John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln died next morning. Booth was killed 11 days later by US troops.

23. The Nation Transformed

Civil War changed the nation’s society & economy forever.

24. A New Nation

US recognized as a Union. Federal government expanded. New banking system created that gave money for building colleges & railroads, and western land to settlers (Homestead Act 1862). Industry

replaces farming as national economic base.

25. The Thirteenth Amendment

Booker T Washington became free with the passing of the 13th Amendment. It abolishes slavery and allows former slaves to travel where they want & to work for pay. January 1865 the 13th Am. approved by Congress and then was ratified by 27 states (8 in South).

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Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562

Recite/Retell Answer the essential questions.

26. What were the losses and gains of the war?

Losses: Lincoln killed; CSA surrenders; 620,000 men died; South lost 18% of its wealth; South is

“trashed” (40% of livestock, 50% of farm machinery; 1000s of miles of RR track ripped up)

Gains: USA all one nation again; slavery abolished with 13th Amendment; new federal banking system

created

27. How might photographs have changed civilians’ attitudes to war?

Actual realistic images of war destroyed the ideas that it was all about excitement & fun-times. Showed

brutality of war.

28. What changes did the war bring about? (p.561)

Social changes: freed slaves; Afr-Ams serve in military; women become active in nursing

Economic changes: income tax created; factory production increases; slave-based economy is destroyed

Political changes: federal government becomes more powerful;

Military tech changes: new weapons increase casualties; ironclads make wooden warships outdated

(obsolete)

29. In what ways are the effects of the Civil War still being felt today?

Greenbacks still used; income tax still collected by federal government to pay for programs; slavery still

banned throughout the US

30. How did the Civil War transform the nation? (use chart on p.561 to help organize your tree map below)

The American Civil War greatly transformed the nation.

The war significantly altered

the nation socially.

Economically Politically

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SQ3R Chapter 17: The Tide of War Turns Section 4: The Legacy of the War p.558-562

Review Informational Text Summarize in a color-coded paragraph. Remember, the review must happen

within 24 hours of reading!

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chapter 17: the tide of war turns - kyrene school district · 5 sq3r chapter 17—the tide of war...

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