Chapter 15Responding to ChangesAmerica Expands Westward

Section One

Pages 327-329

Daily Ten Sec 1 (on your own paper)

1. Transcontinental Railroad

2. Reservation

3. Wounded Knee

4. Homestead Act of 1862

5. Exoduster

EQ: What did many Native Americans agree to do when white settlers continued to expand west? Many Native Americans moved to small areas

of poor land Bureau of Indian Affairs was created but was

corrupt Reservations-small areas of land set aside by

the federal gov’t for Native Americans Some fought to keep their land Over 200 were killed at Wounded Knee

EQ: What was the significance of the transcontinental railroad?

Completed in May, 1869Transported settlers, livestock,

crops, minerals across North America

Connected the East Coast to the West Coast

EQ: What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

160 acres of land to citizens who lived on it for 5 years

Increased westward expansion of the United States

What did African Americans leaving the south for the Midwest call themselves?Exodusters They escaped the South to the

Midwest because of discrimination and poor living conditions

Term came from the story of Exodus in the Bible

Cattle Ranching and Mining

Cattle ranching was the first large-scale use of western land

Gold, silver, copper, and lead mining contributed to the rush to the west

Main Idea Questions:page 329 #3. a.b.c.

A. How did the transcontinental railroad contribute to westward expansion?

B. How did the federal government attempt to manage reservations?

C. What role did cattle ranching play in the development of the West?

AnswersA. It connected the east to the west for

people and goods, contributed to the economy, and provided transportation to unsettled areas.

B. The Feds set up the Bureau of Indian Affairs to provide, manage, and care for Native Americans.

C. It was the first large scale use of western land and cow towns sprang up, providing economic opportunity for cowboys.

Democrats Control Georgia Politics

Section Two

Pages 330-334

Daily Ten Sec 2 (on your own DT page)6. Bourbon Triumvirate

7. County unit system

8. Dr. Felton

9. Southern Farmers’ Alliance

10. Colored Farmers’ Alliance

11. Populist Party

EQ: Which political party was in control in Georgia? Georgia’s been ruled by one party since

the 1870’s until the end of the 20th century Known as the “Bourbon Triumvirate”-

Gordon, Colquitt, and Brown controlled the party from 1870-1890

Supported Atlanta growth and New South Movement

EQ: What was the county unit system? Rewrote the state Constitution Largest counties (6) had most, 3

representatives to legislature Next largest (26) had 2 representatives Smallest (105) had 1 Because the Democrats had so much control

there was little dissent and no compromise

EQ: What reforms and programs did the Populist Party support?

An income taxWomen’s voteGovernment control of railroadsFarmer’s creditPopular vote of US Senators

What did the Southern Farmers’ Alliance do?

Helped farmers make reasonably priced goods available

African American farmers created the Colored Farmers’ Alliance

EQ: How did the Populist Party threaten the Democratic Party?

The Populist Party supported reforms for farmers and working class Americans

Their candidates won electionsThreatened the Democrats

political power

Main Idea Questions:page 334 #3. a.b.c.

A. How did the county unit system give rural counties more power?

B. Why couldn’t the Democratic Party keep whites from joining other political groups?

C. What were the goals of the Grange and later, the Southern Farmers’ Alliance? Did they succeed?

Answers

A. Small rural counties possessed much greater power than their population might have given them, taking power away from urban areas.

B. White sharecroppers, tenant farmers, small farmers, and poor whites were not well represented, so they sought ways to make their voices heard.

Answers, continued

C. They formed cooperatives, or stores, where members could buy goods at reasonable prices and on credit to help Southern farmers. They were successful, because they had over 1,000,000 members by 1890!

Segregation and Discrimination

Section Three

Pages 335-340

Daily Ten Sec 3 (use your own paper)

12. Disfranchisement

13. Poll tax

14. White primary

15. Jim Crow laws

16. Plessy v. Ferguson

17. Lynching

18. Booker T. Washington

19. W.E.B. DuBois

EQ: How did the Georgia legislature try to prevent Blacks from exercising their right to vote? Whites put Jim Crow laws into place to

prevent African Americans from voting which caused disfranchisementPoll taxLiteracy test and understanding

clause (of the Constitution)Grandfather clause (14th Amendment)White primaryWhites sometimes used violence

EQ: Why did Democrats insist that white only primaries were legal?

The 15th Amendment only guaranteed the right to vote in general elections-did not apply to primaries

Disfranchisement-a way of denying a person of the rights of citizenship

This deprived African Americans of their right to vote

What did the Supreme court determine in Plessy v Ferguson?

Separate but equal facilities were NOT unconstitutional – i.e. they WERE allowed!

Jim Crow laws kept the races segregated

Lynchings continued in the South

EQ: What did Booker T. Washington believe Blacks should do to gain respect and equality?

Focus on technical learning skills and becoming useful citizens first

W.E.B. DuBois disagreedHe believed African Americans had to

become involved in politics and had an inherent right to be educated

The NAACP worked to gain equality and end discrimination

Posttest Question

How did the poll tax, literacy test, and the grandfather clause affect black voters in the South?

A. The number of black voters increasedB. The number of blacks attending

school increasedC. Blacks were effectively barred from votingD. There were more jobs for African Americans

Posttest QuestionWhich of the following would be an example

of the differing philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?

A. Washington did not think that blacks should concern themselves with social and political equality until they had economic equality. Dubois demanded social and political equality immediately.

B. Washington thought that blacks should stay in the South. DuBois believed in the “back to Africa” movement.

C. Washington stressed vocational training for blacks. DuBois advocated higher education for the “talented tenth”.

Main Idea Questions:page 340 #3. a.b.c.

A. What were the methods used to keep African Americans from voting?

B. Why did whites want Southern society to remain segregated?

C. What does “separate but equal” mean? Was it a good description of segregated facilities in the South? Why or why not?

AnswersA. States had Jim Crow Laws such as poll taxes, literacy

tests, understanding clauses, white primaries, and grandfather clauses which disfranchised blacks and poor whites.

B. Before the Civil War, the system of slavery had separated the races, and this worried the Democratic party. They were afraid that blacks would come to rule GA politics and try to claim social equality as well.

C. “Separate but equal” meant that separate facilities for white and black Americans were required to be equal. However this was not upheld under the law, therefore it was NOT a good description of segregated facilities in the South. Usually, facilities for blacks were inferior quality compared to those for whites. For example, black schools used white school’s hand-me-down books, had rundown facilities, and had little or no transportation.

Daily Ten Sec 4 (on your own DT page)

20. Progressive Movement

21. Gustavus Orr

22. Settlement House

23. Rebecca Latimer Felton

24. Juliette Gordon Low

EQ: What was the common goal of the various groups involved in the Progressive Movement?

They were seeking to improve societyThey exposed unfair business practices,

corrupt officials, and the horrid living conditions of the poor

WHY? The Industrial Revolution created great wealth, but it also created major social problems

EQ: Who is the “Father of the common school movement”? Gustavus Orr worked to improve schools

in Georgia Many children did not go to school

because they were needed to work on the family farm

In 1916, children as young as 10 worked in the textile mills, despite child labor laws

EQ: What were some causes for which Rebecca Latimer Felton campaigned?

Anti-lynching Prohibition-GA was the 1st state to outlaw

alcohol Anti-smoking Promotion of childcare Compulsory school attendance Admission to UGA for women Equal status for women

EQ: What war seemed to help bring white Southerners and Northerners together?

After Reconstruction, the South regained control of their politics and economy

The North invested greater amounts of money back into the South

The Spanish-American War seemed to reunite the white North and South

Main Idea #4: Critical ThinkingForming and Supporting Opinions Muckraker- someone who investigates and publishes

truthful reports involving social issues, broadly including crime and corruption and often involving elected officials, political leaders, and influential members of business and industry.

How did muckrakers contribute to the reform of society? Develop your answer in one paragraph.Think about

Public opinion Politician’s reputations The spirit of the reform movement