CHAPTER 14CHAPTER 14

SECTION 1THE WAR IN EUROPE AND

NORTH AFRICA

SECTION 1THE WAR IN EUROPE AND

NORTH AFRICA

BATTLE OF THE ATLANTICBATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC

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German Wolf Pack Submarines

AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPSALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS

AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED MERCHANT SHIPSALLIED MERCHANT SHIPS

THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA

THE ROBIN MOOR WAS CLEARLY MARKED AS MERCHANT VESSEL FROM THE USA

CONVOYS INCREASED THE MERCHANT SHIPS CHANCES OF SURVIVING THE

OCEAN VOYAGE

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GERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIAGERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIAOPERATION BARBAROSSAOPERATION BARBAROSSA

GERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIAGERMANY ATTACKS RUSSIAOPERATION BARBAROSSAOPERATION BARBAROSSA

Germany’s Three Prong Attack:Moscow, Leningrad & Stalingrad

Germany storms across the Russian

countrysideHitler wants to eliminate Slavs, Communists, and Jews

Germany storms across the Russian

countrysideHitler wants to eliminate Slavs, Communists, and Jews

BATTLE OF STALINGRADBATTLE OF STALINGRAD

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STALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINSSTALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINSSTALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINSSTALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINS

THE END AT STALINGRAD: THE END AT STALINGRAD: GERMAN PRISONERS, ONLY GERMAN PRISONERS, ONLY 5,000 OF THE 250,000 5,000 OF THE 250,000

CAPTURED RETURNED AFTER CAPTURED RETURNED AFTER THE WARTHE WAR

American Forces in North Africa and Italy

American Forces in North Africa and Italy

Why was North Africa important?Why was North Africa important?By controlling North Africa, the British By controlling North Africa, the British

could protect shipping on the Mediterranean could protect shipping on the Mediterranean Sea. They needed the ability to ship oil Sea. They needed the ability to ship oil

from the Middle East through the Suez Canal.from the Middle East through the Suez Canal.

What was the result of fighting in North Africa?What was the result of fighting in North Africa?Italy could not drive the British from Egypt. Italy could not drive the British from Egypt. Hitler sent troops under the direction of Hitler sent troops under the direction of Erwin Rommel – nicknamed the Desert Fox. Erwin Rommel – nicknamed the Desert Fox. After a back-and-forth battle for North After a back-and-forth battle for North

Africa, the Allied forces handed the Germans Africa, the Allied forces handed the Germans a major defeat at the battle of El Alamein.a major defeat at the battle of El Alamein.

What happened in Italy?What happened in Italy?British and American forces invaded Italy in British and American forces invaded Italy in 1943. The Italian people forced Mussolini 1943. The Italian people forced Mussolini from power, but Hitler rushed into Italy to from power, but Hitler rushed into Italy to

stop the Allies.stop the Allies.

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GERMAN GENERAL ROMMEL KNOWN AS THE “DESERT FOX” FOR HIS BRILLIANT GENERALSHIP IN NORTH AFRICA

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BRITISH GENERAL BERNARD MONTGOMERY VICTOR IN THE DESERT WAR IN NORTH AFRICA

The British defeat the

Germans at the Battle of El Alamein, Egypt

The British defeat the

Germans at the Battle of El Alamein, Egypt

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NORTH AFRICA, SICILY AND ITALY

Patton leads the US II Corps

Patton leads the US II Corps

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Bradley, Eisenhower, & Patton

Operation TorchThe US lands in Morocco and Algeria.

They attack Rommel and his Afrikakorps.

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN

Highly Decorated Segregated African American Pilots

TUSKEGEE AIRMEN

Highly Decorated Segregated African American Pilots

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D-DAYThe Landing at

Normandy

D-DAYThe Landing at

Normandy

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BUILDUP FOR D-DAY IN ENGLAND:

3,000,000 men in 52 divisions

80,000 trucks; 10,000 tanks

60,000,000 C and K rations

5200 bombers, 5500 fighters

2400 transport planes from 163 airfields 1200 naval ships: 2

battleships, 23 cruisers, 105 destroyers

2500 landing craft

Operation OverlordOperation Overlord

• Planned invasion of Planned invasion of France from the France from the beaches of Normandybeaches of Normandy

• General Omar Bradley General Omar Bradley led the American led the American troops.troops.

• Good planning and Good planning and speed were vital.speed were vital.

• Fooled Hitler into Fooled Hitler into thinking the thinking the invasion would be at invasion would be at Calei, FR where Calei, FR where Patton was.Patton was.

D-DayD-Day

• June 6, 1944June 6, 1944

• Allied force of 3.5 Allied force of 3.5 million soldiersmillion soldiers

• Germans were slow to Germans were slow to respondrespond

• Estimated 10,000 Estimated 10,000 Allied casualties, Allied casualties, including 6,600 including 6,600 AmericansAmericans

• The Allies landed The Allies landed almost 1 million almost 1 million soldiers and 180,000 soldiers and 180,000 vehiclesvehicles..

D-Day: The Invasion of France

D-Day: The Invasion of France

SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER GENERAL EISENHOWER SPEAKS WITH PARATROOPERS JUST BEFORE THEY EMBARK TO JUMP INTO NAZI OCCUPIED FRANCE

SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER GENERAL EISENHOWER SPEAKS WITH PARATROOPERS JUST BEFORE THEY EMBARK TO JUMP INTO NAZI OCCUPIED FRANCE

THOUSANDS OF ALLIED SOLDIERS ENTERED BATTLE FROM THE AIRTHOUSANDS OF ALLIED SOLDIERS ENTERED BATTLE FROM THE AIR

THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ARRIVED IN FRANCE ON TOWED GLIDERS. MANY CRASHED, KILLING

THEIR PILOTS AND PASSENGERS

THOUSANDS OF TROOPS ARRIVED IN FRANCE ON TOWED GLIDERS. MANY CRASHED, KILLING

THEIR PILOTS AND PASSENGERS

PHOTO TAKEN AS AMERICAN SOLDIERS ADVANCE ONTO FRENCH BEACH UNDER GERMAN FIRE.

A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCEA HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF FRANCE

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CARGO SHIPSCARGO SHIPS CARGO SHIPS LOAD SUPPLIES IN ENGLAND

CARGO SHIPS BEING UNLOADED ON THE INVASION BEACHES TO SUPPLY THE INVADING ARMIES

CARGO SHIPS LOAD SUPPLIES IN ENGLAND

CARGO SHIPS BEING UNLOADED ON THE INVASION BEACHES TO SUPPLY THE INVADING ARMIES

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ADVANCING ALLIED FORCESADVANCING ALLIED FORCES

US TROOPS ADVANCE OFF THE INVASION BEACHES AFTER DEFEATING THE GERMAN COASTAL DEFENDERS

US TROOPS ADVANCE OFF THE INVASION BEACHES AFTER DEFEATING THE GERMAN COASTAL DEFENDERS

ENIGMA MACHINE THAT DECODED THE GERMAN ULTRA CODE GIVING THE ALLIES ACCESS TO GERMAN

MILITARY PLANS

CAPTURED GERMAN ULTRA CODING MACHINE

US TROOPS MARCH IN A VICTORY PARADE AFTER THE LIBERATION OF PARIS IN LATE AUGUST 1944

BATTLE OF THE BULGEBATTLE OF THE BULGE Hitler launched a surprise attack German success created a bulge in Allied lines

The key moment was at Bastogne, Belgium George Patton arrived to defeat the Germans

Hitler launched a surprise attack German success created a bulge in Allied lines

The key moment was at Bastogne, Belgium George Patton arrived to defeat the Germans

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American POW’s

BATTLE OF THE BULGEDuring the winter of 1944-45, more than 500,000 troops were deployed in the Ardennes Mountains.

An astonishing 76,000 would be wounded or killed. The troops were young men, some of them barely out of high school. Freezing cold, frostbite, death -- these were everyday facts for the

soldiers at the Bulge.

BATTLE OF THE BULGEDuring the winter of 1944-45, more than 500,000 troops were deployed in the Ardennes Mountains.

An astonishing 76,000 would be wounded or killed. The troops were young men, some of them barely out of high school. Freezing cold, frostbite, death -- these were everyday facts for the

soldiers at the Bulge.

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KILLED, WOUNDED, CAPTURED,

MISSING AT THE BATTLE OF THE

BULGE

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Tanks Planes

AmericanGerman

BOTH SIDES LOST MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF MEN AND

EQUIPMENT BUT WHILE THE AMERICANS COULD EASILY MAKE UP THE LOSSES THE GERMANS

COULD NOT AND THE WAR WOULD BE OVER WITHIN MONTHS