chapter 11: the federal courts the supreme court played a minor role in american govt. until chief...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11: The Federal Courts• The Supreme Court played a minor role in
American govt. until Chief Justice John Marshall was appointed in 1801
• Jurisdiction of the Courts
• The U.S. judiciary consists of state & federal courts.
• State courts are governed by state constitutions
• Federal court system consists of the Supreme Court & lower federal courts established by Congress
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• Federal Court Jurisdiction
• Jurisdiction: the authority to hear certain cases
• Concurrent Jurisdiction: U.S. has a dual court system where jurisdiction between state and federal courts may overlap. Exp. A case involving people of 2 different states for more than $50,000
• The case where a case in originally tried is called the trial court. A trial court has original jurisdiction
• A person may take a case to a court with appellate jurisdiction.
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Developing Supreme Court Power• The Supreme Court must wait for litigants to
come before them• Madison v. Marbury, 1803: President Adams’
‘midnight judges’ This case gave the court the important power of judicial review
• Other Important Cases in the Development of the Supreme Court
• Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857• Due process clause• Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954
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Supreme Court• Supreme Court has both original and appellate
jurisdiction• Most cases that the Supreme Court hears are
appellate in composition, and involve a Constitutional issue.
• 9 justices sit on the Supreme Court, they are appointed by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and their tenure is for life.
• Every Supreme Court case produces two opinions
1. Majority Opinion (Concurring opinion)2. Dissenting Opinion