ch 22.1
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 22
Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe
Section 2: Origins of the Cold War
Europe and North America in the Postwar Years
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Yalta Conference
Allied Control Council
United Nations
ensure lasting peace, decide how to deal with defeated nations
to oversee temporary German government
to prevent another war
Purpose Result
Bell Ringer 22.1:What were the purposes and results of the wartime conferences?
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
At the end of WWII, the Allied nations had trouble determining how to keep
peace in Europe.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Victory over the Axis powers brought on a whole new set of
problems.
To some degree, these problems were the result of decisions they had made
during the war.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
1943 – The “Big Three” met in Tehran, Iran
… decided to defeat Germany ontwo fronts – Western Allies wouldattack from the west while Sovietforces would attack from the east.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Division & Occupation of GermanyCity of Berlin
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
• Poland?– Churchill & Roosevelt believed they should determine
their own futures – Stalin promised to allow free elections …..hmmmmm
• Eastern European gov’ts– Stalin wanted friendly gov’t under SOVIET control
• How to prevent future war– They argued over sphere of influence
– United Nations organization through collective security arrangements
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Political Cartoon
Aftermath of War in Europe
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in EuropeDecisions made at Potsdam
• Germany should remain a single country, although it would be divided for the time being.
• Germany must be demilitarized.
• Nazi Party outlawed.• Gov’t rebuilt on a democratic
basis.• War crimes trials would be
held.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in EuropeDemilitarization & Reparations
• Disbanded all German land, air, and sea forces
• All war industries to be dismantled.
• German economic recovery? Very different views ….
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in EuropeNuremberg Trials
• 1945-46• Special international
court• Charged 22 Nazi
leaders with crimes against humanity
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Oct 1945 charter ratified to establish the United Nations (UN).
Primary purpose = maintain international peace and security
Also designed to foster cooperation to solve cultural, economic, and social problems.
Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt would be instrumental in persuading Americans of the importance of the UN.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Each permanent memberof the Security Council
can prevent action by usingits veto power.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
The war destroyed many European governments . . . Changes were happening.
Italy abolishes theirmonarchy and
becomes arepublic!
France has a newconstitution in
1946.
Soviet Union establishes
communist govtsin Eastern Europe.
Soviet Union establishes
communist govtsin Eastern Europe.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Peace would not be easy.• The Allies could not reach agreements.• Austria is restored in 1955 but must agree
to remain neutral.• In the case of Germany, the Allies never
reached a final settlement.• Germany would be formally divided into
West and East Germany – two separate countries.
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SECTION 1
Aftermath of War in Europe
Yalta Conference
Allied Control Council
United Nations
ensure lasting peace, decide how to deal with defeated nations
to oversee temporary German government
to prevent another war
Purpose Result
decided to establish UN and to partition Germany
members deadlocked on decisions; each ended up governing its own zone
41 nations drafted charter; members worked together to avoid conflict
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SECTION 2
Question:What are the similarities and differences between NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
Origins of the Cold War
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SECTION 2
Origins of the Cold War
members relied heavily on U.S. nuclear weapons as a deterrent to aggression
members pledged to supply troops in proportion to their population in case of attack
meant to pro-vide protection
for member nations in
case of attack
NATO Warsaw PactBoth
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CHAPTER 22