Ch 18 Sec 1- Origins Ch 18 Sec 1- Origins of the Cold Warof the Cold War

1945-19521945-1952

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions Why was there a breakdown in Why was there a breakdown in

relations between the US and relations between the US and USSR after WWII?USSR after WWII?

What was the policy of What was the policy of containment and where was it containment and where was it applied?applied?

How did the Truman Doctrine and How did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan deepened Cold the Marshall Plan deepened Cold War Tensions?War Tensions?

How did conflicts over Germany How did conflicts over Germany increase fear of Soviet aggression?increase fear of Soviet aggression?

Former Allies ClashFormer Allies Clash In the USSR the In the USSR the statestate controlled all controlled all

property and economic activityproperty and economic activityIn the Capitalist American system In the Capitalist American system

private citizensprivate citizens controlled controlled economic activityeconomic activity

In the USSR the Communist Party In the USSR the Communist Party established a totalitarian established a totalitarian government with one partygovernment with one party

In the US voting by the people In the US voting by the people chose the President and members chose the President and members of Congress with competing of Congress with competing partiesparties

Spread of Capitalism and US trade?Spread of Capitalism and US trade?World-wide Communist revolutionWorld-wide Communist revolution??

Mistrust during the WarMistrust during the War The US knew that Stalin signed a non-The US knew that Stalin signed a non-

aggression pact with Hitler in 1939aggression pact with Hitler in 1939 Stalin resented the fact that the Stalin resented the fact that the

Allies took so long to open a second Allies took so long to open a second front in Europefront in Europe

Stalin resented that the US had tried Stalin resented that the US had tried to keep the atomic bomb a secret to keep the atomic bomb a secret from an ally the USSRfrom an ally the USSR

The UN became arena of competitionThe UN became arena of competition Truman did not have the diplomatic Truman did not have the diplomatic

skills or the personal relationship FDR skills or the personal relationship FDR had with Stalinhad with Stalin

The Potsdam ConferenceThe Potsdam Conference In July 1945 the Big Three met in In July 1945 the Big Three met in

Potsdam near BerlinPotsdam near Berlin Truman, Churchill/Attlee and StalinTruman, Churchill/Attlee and Stalin By July 1945 the USSR had consolidated By July 1945 the USSR had consolidated

its grip on Eastern Europeits grip on Eastern Europe Truman took a tougher stance with Truman took a tougher stance with

StalinStalin Stalin was concerned about security and Stalin was concerned about security and

did not keep his promise for free did not keep his promise for free elections in Poland, he wanted a buffer elections in Poland, he wanted a buffer from the West and a divided weak from the West and a divided weak GermanyGermany

The USSR wanted reparations from The USSR wanted reparations from Germany, the US wanted to trade in Germany, the US wanted to trade in Eastern Europe and Reunite GermanyEastern Europe and Reunite Germany

Satellite NationsSatellite Nations Stalin installed Stalin installed

Communist Gov. Communist Gov. in Albania, in Albania, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Hungary, Romania, and Romania, and PolandPoland

Satellite NationSatellite Nation is a country is a country economically or economically or politically linked politically linked to the USSRto the USSR

ContainmentContainment In February 1946 In February 1946 George F. George F.

KennanKennan an American diplomat in an American diplomat in Moscow proposed a policy of Moscow proposed a policy of containmentcontainment

ContainmentContainment was the doctrine in was the doctrine in which military, economic, and which military, economic, and diplomatic strategies were to be diplomatic strategies were to be used to turn back communism used to turn back communism

Europe was divide into two Europe was divide into two political regions a mostly political regions a mostly democratic Western Europe and a democratic Western Europe and a communist Eastern Europecommunist Eastern Europe

The “Iron Curtain”The “Iron Curtain” In March 1946, Winston Churchill In March 1946, Winston Churchill

traveled to Fulton, Missouri and traveled to Fulton, Missouri and gave the famous speechgave the famous speech

The Cold WarThe Cold War The The Cold WarCold War was an indirect state of was an indirect state of

conflict between the US and USSR that conflict between the US and USSR that would dominate global affairs and US would dominate global affairs and US Foreign Policy from 1945-1991Foreign Policy from 1945-1991

In March 1947 Truman asked Congress In March 1947 Truman asked Congress for $400 million in aid for Greece and for $400 million in aid for Greece and Turkey so they could resist communist Turkey so they could resist communist takeovers and Communist influence – takeovers and Communist influence – The Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine

The US would assist “free people who The US would assist “free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside armed minorities or by outside pressures.”pressures.”

The Marshall PlanThe Marshall Plan After the war Western Europe was After the war Western Europe was

in chaos, no fuel, no food, no in chaos, no fuel, no food, no sheltershelter

Many Refugees had to bear one of Many Refugees had to bear one of the coldest winters in 1946-1947the coldest winters in 1946-1947

The US feared Communism would The US feared Communism would spread to Western Europespread to Western Europe

In June 1947 Sec. of State George In June 1947 Sec. of State George C. Marshall proposed the US C. Marshall proposed the US provide aid to all European nationsprovide aid to all European nations

Between 1947 and 1951, 16 Between 1947 and 1951, 16 countries received $13 billion in aidcountries received $13 billion in aid

The Berlin AirliftThe Berlin Airlift The USSR and the US clashed over the The USSR and the US clashed over the

issue of German Reunificationissue of German Reunification In 1948 the US, Britain, and France In 1948 the US, Britain, and France

combined their zones into West combined their zones into West GermanyGermany

Stalin quickly closed all access to the Stalin quickly closed all access to the divided city of Berlin, no food or fuel divided city of Berlin, no food or fuel could reach the 2.1 million West could reach the 2.1 million West BerlinersBerliners

The US and British flew 327 days, The US and British flew 327 days, 277,000 flights and brought in 2.3 277,000 flights and brought in 2.3 million tons of food , fuel, and medicinemillion tons of food , fuel, and medicine

By May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockadeBy May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockade

NATONATO In May of 1949 The Federal Republic In May of 1949 The Federal Republic

of Germany was established ( West of Germany was established ( West Germany)Germany)

In April 1949, Ten Western European In April 1949, Ten Western European nations joined with the US and nations joined with the US and Canada and formed the Canada and formed the North North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationAtlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO) ( NATO)

It was a defensive military alliance in It was a defensive military alliance in which an attack ( by the USSR) on which an attack ( by the USSR) on one was an attack on all (500,000 one was an attack on all (500,000 troops in Western Europe)troops in Western Europe)

In 1955 the USSR formed In 1955 the USSR formed The The Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact with its allies to with its allies to counter NATOcounter NATO

Ch 18 Sec 2-The Cold War Ch 18 Sec 2-The Cold War Heats UPHeats UP

How did the How did the Communists Communists come to power in China?come to power in China?

How did the US react to this?How did the US react to this?What were the events of the What were the events of the

Korean WarKorean War??What was the reason for the What was the reason for the

conflict between conflict between President President Truman and General Truman and General MacArthurMacArthur??

Cold War Heats UpCold War Heats Up For decades Chinese communist led For decades Chinese communist led

by by Mao ZedongMao Zedong had struggled had struggled against US ally the Nationalist leader against US ally the Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek in bitter civil war in bitter civil war

Between 1945-1949 the US sent the Between 1945-1949 the US sent the Nationalist $3 billion in aidNationalist $3 billion in aid

The nationalists were corrupt, while The nationalists were corrupt, while Mao gained support of the peopleMao gained support of the people

In May 1949 Chiang-Kai-shek fled to In May 1949 Chiang-Kai-shek fled to Taiwan, and The communists led by Taiwan, and The communists led by Mao controlled China “Peoples Mao controlled China “Peoples Republic”Republic”

Truman was blamed for “losing Truman was blamed for “losing China”China”

The Korean WarThe Korean War After WWII Korea was divide into After WWII Korea was divide into

a communist North Korea the a communist North Korea the Democratic People’s Republic of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea set up by the USSR with Korea set up by the USSR with Kim II Sung as leader north of Kim II Sung as leader north of the the 3838thth parallel parallel

South of the 38South of the 38thth parallel the US parallel the US established the Republic of established the Republic of Korea led by Syngman RheeKorea led by Syngman Rhee

By June of 1949 the US only had By June of 1949 the US only had 500 troops in South Korea500 troops in South Korea

North Korea AttacksNorth Korea Attacks On June 25On June 25thth, 1950 North Korean , 1950 North Korean

forces swept across the 38forces swept across the 38thth parallelparallel

North Korean troops pushed South North Korean troops pushed South Korean and US forces back to Korean and US forces back to PusanPusan

The UN security council voted to The UN security council voted to send troops to aid South Korea, 16 send troops to aid South Korea, 16 nations 520,000 troops,(90% nations 520,000 troops,(90% American) 590,000 South Korean American) 590,000 South Korean troops all led by General Douglas troops all led by General Douglas Mac ArthurMac Arthur

The US Fights in KoreaThe US Fights in Korea On September 1950 MacArthur On September 1950 MacArthur

landed his troops behind North landed his troops behind North Korean troops at Inchon and forced Korean troops at Inchon and forced them back to the 38them back to the 38thth parallel parallel

MacArthur pushed deep into North MacArthur pushed deep into North Korea and approached the Yalu River Korea and approached the Yalu River the border with Chinathe border with China

In Nov. 1950, 300,000 Chinese In Nov. 1950, 300,000 Chinese troops poured across the border and troops poured across the border and attacked UN troopsattacked UN troops

The Chinese captured Seoul and both The Chinese captured Seoul and both sides fought to a stalemate around sides fought to a stalemate around the 38the 38thth parallel parallel

MacArthur Vs TrumanMacArthur Vs Truman In 1951 MacArthur called for extending In 1951 MacArthur called for extending

the war into China buy blockading the war into China buy blockading China and using atomic weaponsChina and using atomic weapons

MacArthur spoke to the press and to MacArthur spoke to the press and to members of Congress about expanding members of Congress about expanding the war and he was critical of the war and he was critical of President TrumanPresident Truman

On April 11On April 11thth, 1951 Truman fired , 1951 Truman fired MacArthurMacArthur

He was welcomed home an popular He was welcomed home an popular herohero

69% of Americans favored MacArthur69% of Americans favored MacArthur

Stalemate in KoreaStalemate in Korea Peace Talks began at Pammunjom Peace Talks began at Pammunjom

along the 38along the 38thth parallel in July 1951 parallel in July 1951 In July 1953 an armistice was In July 1953 an armistice was

announcedannounced The DMZ was established at the 38The DMZ was established at the 38thth

parallelparallel The Korean war cost 54,000 The Korean war cost 54,000

American lives 2 million Koreans American lives 2 million Koreans and Chinese and $67 - $100 billion and Chinese and $67 - $100 billion “The Forgotten War”“The Forgotten War”

Many Americans turned toward the Many Americans turned toward the Republican Party by 1952 “IKE”Republican Party by 1952 “IKE”