ch 11 preservation and conservation tc

8/3/2019 Ch 11 Preservation and Conservation Tc

1/20

CHAPTER 10 : PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATIONOF THE ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER 11 PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATIONOF THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Balance in nature interaction among living things and non-living parts of the environment.2. Natural cycles involve nitrogen, carbon and water cycle.3. A food chain a series of living things, each of which is eaten by the next in line.4. Eg :

BirdGrasshopperPaddy Eagle

5. A food web a series of interlinked food chainsEg :

GrasshopperPaddy

EagleBird

Snake

Function: to maintain balance in nature by controlling the number of organisms at every trophiclevel in food chain.

6. Natural disaster - natural phenomena that can effect the balance in nature (massive destruction anddamages to the environment). Eg : flood, drought, earthquake, volcano eruption.

7. Environmental pollution - all the ways in which human activity harms the natural environment.8. Types: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, pollution caused by solid wastes and hazardous

wastes & noise pollution.9. Sources of pollution:

a. uncontrolled use of fossil fuels.b. disposal of by-products, wastes, toxic substances, radioactive substances, smokes and

heat from factories.c. uncontrolled use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides and fungicides in agriculture.d. production of noises, smoke & poisonous gases from vehicles & machineries.e. disposal of rubbish: plastics, left-over foods & soil substances.f. disposal of sewage.g. use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) in aerosols, air condition & refrigerators.

10. Global warming - increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the air causing a rise in averagetemperature around the world.

11. Greenhouse effect - caused by a dense layer of carbon dioxide that traps the suns heat around theEarth.

12. Ozone layer - layer of ozone gas that absorbs the Suns harmful ultraviolet radiation, preventing itfrom reaching the Earth.

13. CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)- can damage ozone layer.14. Preservation - to maintain the present condition of the Earth15. Conservation - sustainable use and management of natural resources.

16. Preservation and conservation of the environment is important to maintain the natural environment.17. Environmental pollution could be solved by controlling:

a. the excessive use of fossil fuelsb. the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisersc. the release of smoke from vehiclesd. thermal and noise pollutione. domestic wastes disposalsf. the use of CFCs

18. We have to manage the natural resources properly in order to maintain balance in nature.

SES 1511 Kelantan 2007 *The bolded and italic letter is the answer 205


2/20

PAPER 1

1. Diagram 1 shows the gases needed by animals and plants for their activities.

X Y

Plants (photosynthesis)

Animals (respire)

Diagram 1

What is X and Y?

X YA Oxygen Carbon dioxide

B Carbon dioxide OxygenC Oxygen NitrogenD Nitrogen Carbon dioxide

2. Diagram 2 shows the carbon cycle.

Carbon dioxide

Grass

Carbohydrates

Goats

P Q

Diagram 2

What are processes P and Q?

P QA Respiration RespirationB Respiration PhotosynthesisC Photosynthesis RespirationD Transpiration Photosynthesis



3/20

3. What is the role of bacteria found in the roots of a leguminous plant?

A To make food for the plantB To convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitratesC To convert carbon dioxide into carbohydratesD To break down nitrates into ammonium compounds

4. Diagram 3 shows three processes.

Chemical reactions inanimals and plants

Animals respire Gas X

Burning process

Diagram 3

What is X?

A Oxygen C HydrogenB Nitrogen D Carbon dioxide

5. Diagram 4 shows a part of a water cycle.

Lake

Cloud

Process Y

Diagram 4

What is process Y?

A Transpiration C CondensationB Evaporation D Sublimation



4/20

6. Diagram 5 shows a part of nitrogen cycle.

Ammonium compoundsBacteria

PlantsZ

Diagram 5

What is Z?

A Nitrites C NitrogenB Nitrates D Protein

7. Diagram 6 below shows a pyramid number. Which of the following is the secondary consumer?

B

C

D

A

Diagram 6

8. What is the effect of damaging ozone layer to human health?\

A Cataract C Diabetes

B Hepatitis D Blood pressure

9. Diagram 7 is an information about an environmental pollution.

If the carbon dioxide level continues to increase at its present rate,average temperature will rise

Diagram 7

What is the human activity that causes the phenomena?

A Burning of fossil fuelsB Improper disposal of domestic wastesC Release of chlorofluorocarbonsD Waste chemicals from factories

10. Diagram 8 shows a reaction.



5/20

+Ozone gas Ultraviolet light

Diagram 8

What is the atom released from the reaction above?

A Chlorine C FluorineB Freon D Hydrogen

11. Which of the following processes can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in theatmosphere?

A Respiration C TranspirationB Evaporation D Photosynthesis

12. Study the information below.

Plants are the sources of food for animals

Which of the followings describes plants?

A Producer C Consumer

B Decomposer D Oxygen producer

13. How to maintain the balance of nature?

A Providing better amenities for rural peopleB Educating the people on the need for family planningC Having more research and development of environmentD Proper and well-planned management of the natural environment

14. What is the purpose of using biodegradable plastics?

A To prevent soil pollutionB To prevent global warmingC To reduce the cost of producing plastic goodsD To prevent pollution from used plastic wrappers

15. Diagram 9 represents a food web in an ecosystem.



6/20

Paddy Sparrow

Snake

Rat

Eagle

Diagram 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A Paddy is the first consumerB Rat is the secondary consumerC Snake is the secondary consumerD Sparrow is the secondary consumer

16. Which gas is involved in the greenhouse effect?

A AmmoniaB Carbon dioxideC Sulphur dioxideD Nitrogen dioxide

17. What is the function of the ozone layer?

A To reflect sun rays to avoid the greenhouse effectB To protect living organisms from the bad effect of ultraviolet

C To absorb a certain amount of sunlight to reduce the temperature of the earthD To avoid excess heat from reaching the earth which may cause global warming

18. Diagram 10 shows a part of a carbon cycle

Carbon dioxide

PlantsAnimals

Process X

Diagram 10

What is process X?

A Oxidation B RespirationC Decomposition D Photosynthesis

19. Diagram 11 shows a layer of gas in the atmosphere.



7/20

Diagram 11

Sun

Sun ray

Earth

Layer of Carbon dioxide

What is the natural phenomenon that occurs?

A PollutionB Acid rainC Ozone depletionD Green house effects

20. Which statement describes a plant as a producer?

A The dead plant is decomposedB The plant is a source of food for animalsC The plant releases oxygen during photosynthesisD The plant grows healthier with sufficient nutrients

21 Diagram 12 shows a food chain.

Grass Grasshopper Bird Eagle

Diagram 12

What will happen to the grass and bird populations if the grasshoppers are eliminated?

Grass Bird populationA Increases IncreasesB Increases DecreasesC Decreases IncreasesD Decreases Decreases

22 What causes ozone depletion?

A OxygenB Carbon monoxideC Carbon dioxideD Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

23. Diagram 13 shows a part of water cycle?



8/20

Which of the following A, B, C or D is the process of changes from liquid to gasses?

B

D

A

Lake

C rain

Diagram 13

24. Which of the following is the main pollutant that causes greenhouse effect?

A Oxygen C Oxides of nitrogenB Carbon dioxide D Chlorofluorocarbon

25. What is the main idea in environmental conservation?

A Not using natural resources at allB Uncontrolled usage of natural resourcesC Controlled usage of resources to ensure its availability lasts longerD Controlled usage but ensures that the natural resources are used up quickly

26. Which of the following cannot be recycled?

A Petrol C GlassB Paper D Plastic

27 . What is the importance of the interactions between organisms and organisms, and betweenorganisms and environment?

A To maintain balance in nature

B To encourage competition among organismsC To increase the number of various organismsD To control the population of all the organisms

28. Which of the following is true?



9/20

Air pollutant Human health hazard

A Smog Lung infections

B Smoke Irritating nose and throatC Acid rain Reduced oxygen in the bloodD Carbon monoxide Watering and sting the eyes

29. Which of the number pyramids below is true?

Snake

Grasshoppers

Frogs

Grass

Grass

Snake

Frogs

Grasshoppers

A C

B

Frogs

Grasshoppers

Grass

Snake

D

Grass

Frogs

Snake

Grasshoppers

30. Diagram 14 below shows a part of nitrogen cycle.

XNitrogen GasNitrates in soil

Diagram 14

What is X?

A DecomposersB Nitrifying bacteriaC Denitrifying bacteriaD Nitrogen fixing bacteria

31. Which of the following daily appliances uses CFCs?

A Computer C MicrowaveB Television D Refrigerator

32. Which of the following processes forms part of the nitrogen cycle?



10/20

A Respiration C NitrificationB Transpiration D Photosynthesis

33. Diagram 15 shows a pyramid of energy.

5kJ

20kJ

100kJ

2000kJ

4000kJ

T

S

R

Q

P

Diagram 15

Which of the following shows the correct order of organisms in the pyramid of energy?

P Q R S TA Grass Grasshoppers Frogs Snakes EaglesB Snakes Eagles Frogs Grasshoppers GrassC Eagles Snakes Frogs Grasshoppers GrassD Grass Grasshoppers Frogs Eagles Snakes

34. Which of the followings contributes a balance ecosystem?

A The natural cyclesB The interactions between organismsC The interactions between organisms and the environmentD The interactions between organisms or between organisms and the environment

35. Which of the following is a natural disaster?

A Flood C PollutionB Acid rain D Species extinction

36. Which of the environmental pollutants below cause birth abnormalities?

A Lead C CopperB Mercury D Cadmium



11/20

37. What is the purpose of preservation of the environment?

A To recover the natural resourcesB To maintain the natural resourcesC To reduce the quality of the environmentD To change the natural resources from their present condition

38. What is the purpose of afforestation?

A Reshaping the forestB Decorating the forestC Rehabilitate the forestD Recycle the resources of the forest

39. Which of the followings is a natural cycle on earth?

A Air cycleB Water cycleC Oxygen cycleD Hydrogen cycle



12/20

PAPER 2

SECTION A

1. Table 1 shows the relationship between the number of cars and percentage of harmful gasesreleased by the cars in Kota Bharu for a day.

Number of cars (000) Harmful gases released (%)

10

20

30

40

50

5

10

20

40

Table 1

a) Make a hypothesis based on the table above.

... (1m)

The increasing number of cars increases the amount of harmful gases released //As the number of cars increases, the amount of harmful gases released alsoincreases.

b) Draw a graph using the data in Table 1. (2m)

Number of cars / 000

5

0

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

10 20 40 50

x

30

x

x

x

Harmfulgasesreleased

/%



13/20

c) What is the manipulated variable?

.

(1m)

The number of cars.

d) Predict the percentage of harmful gases released by 40 cars.

. (1m)27 % (1)

2. A group of students want to study about water pollution. They take water samples from a

drain of an industrial area and from a tap. The samples of water are tested using blue litmus

paper. The result is as in Table 2 below:

Colour of litmus paperType of water

Before test After test

Drain water Blue Red

Tap water Blue Blue

Table 2

a. i) Which water sample is acidic?

.. (1m)Drain water.

ii) What inference could you make?.

. (1m)The water sample / The drain water is polluted // The drain water is acidic

b. State the variables :

(i) Manipulated : .Type of water

(ii) Responding : .. (2m)The change in colour of litmus paper

c. What is the constant variable in the experiment?

(1m)The initial colour of litmus paper

d. What is the operational definition of polluted water?

.. (1m)The water that changes the colour of litmus paper from blue to red.



14/20

SECTION B

1. Diagram 16 shows several organisms that live together in a community.

Birds Plants

Grasshoppers Eagle

Diagram 16

a. Which organism is the producer?

(1m)Plants

b. What will happen to the organisms below if the number of birds decreases?

i. Number of grasshoppers

... (1m)Increases

ii. Number of eagles

(1m)Decreases

c. Construct a food chain by using the organisms above.

Plants BirdsGrasshoppers Eagle

(1m)



15/20

2. Diagram 17 shows a part of carbon cycle.

Plants AnimalsGas P

FossilFuels

R S

Burning

Dead Dead

Gas Q

Diagram 17

a. What are processes R and S?

R : ..Photosynthesis

S : .. (2m)Respiration

b. State gases P and Q?

P : ..Carbon dioxide

Q : .. (2m)Oxygen

c. What will happen to the quantity of gas P according to the uncontrolled open

burning of fossil fuels?

..... (1m)Increases

d. What is the effect of environment pollution that occurs in (c)?

... (1m)Greenhouse effects



16/20

3. Diagram 18 shows the layer X in the stratosphere.

Sun

Layer XEarth

Diagram 18

a. What is Layer X?

(1m)Ozone layer

b. State the importance of Layer X.

. (1m)To prevent too much ultraviolet light from reaching the earth

c. What is the gas that can damage X?

(1m)Chlorofluorocarbon // CFCs

d. Give two daily uses of gas in (c).

.......................................................................................................................In refrigerator // air condition // aerosol spray. (2m)

e. What is the effect of damaging layer X to human and other living things?

(1m)Skin cancer // cataract // damage plants



17/20

4. Diagram 19 shows the uncontrolled burning of fossil fuels that causes globalwarming.

Sun

Layer of gas X

Earth

Diagram 19

a. What is X?

(1m)Carbon dioxide

b. State 2 effects of global warming.

Melting of ice // rises of sea level // flood // drought //

(2m)

c. What is the phenomenon that causes global warming?

.. (1m)Greenhouse effect

d. Give two actions that we can do to prevent global warming?

(2m)

i. Planting many trees

ii. Stop open burning



18/20

SECTION C

1. A group of students wants to study about the acidity of water from two sources.

Water from factory area Tap water

They are given 2 test tubes

(a) Suggest a hypothesis for the investigation to be carried out. (1m)

(b) Plan an experiment to test the hypothesis in 1(a) based on the following criteria:(i) Aim of the experiment (1m)(ii) Identification of variables (2m)

(iii) List of apparatus and materials (1m)(iv) Procedure or method (3m)(v) Tabulation of data (1m)(vi) Conclusion (1m)

ANSWER

Hypothesis : Water from factory area is more acidic than tap water.

Aim : To study the acidity of water from factory areaand tap water.

Manipulated variable : Sources of water Responding variable : The change of colour of litmus paper Constant variable : Initial colour of litmus paper

List of apparatus : Water from factory area, tap water , test tube,blue litmus paper

Procedure ; Label each test tube Fill one of the test tube with 10 ml of water from factory area and another test

tube with tap water. Put in the litmus paper into each test tube Observe and record the changes in colour of litmus paper in the two test

tubes.

Sources of water Colour of litmus paperWater from factory area

Tap water

Conclusion : Water from factory area is more acidic than tap water.



19/20

2. (a) Give 4 effects of natural disaster. (4m)

Examples ofNatural Disaster

Volcanic eruption

Tornado

Drought

Earthquake

Diagram 20

(b) Diagram 20 shows four examples of natural disaster. Study the above diagram.You are required to develop a concept of natural disaster.Your answer should be based on the following aspects:

- Identify two common characteristics of natural disaster. (2m)- Develop an initial concept of natural disaster (1m)- Give one example of natural disaster and non-example of natural disaster (1m)- Develop the actual concept (2m)

ANSWER

a)i. Drought make the land hard and dryii. Flood causes erosion and landslidesiii. Volcanic eruption produces choking clouds and poisonous gasesiv. Earthquakes destroy buildings, peoples, animals and plants

b)

Two common characteristics of natural disaster natural phenomenon causes massive destruction of properties and loss of lives

Initial concept of natural disasterNatural disaster is a natural phenomenon that causes massive

destruction of properties and loss of lives

Example : flood Non-example : logging // open burning

Actual conceptNatural disaster is a natural phenomenon such as drought,

volcanic eruptions, floods and hurricanes that can disrupt balancein nature.



20/20

3. (a) List the main human activities that can effect the natural resources. (4m)

(b) Human activities conducted in an improper manner may threaten the balance innature that can lead to the depletion of natural resources in a shorter period oftime like extinction of floral species, erosion and reduces oxygen content.

Explain how you could overcome the above problem.Your answer should include the followings:

Identifying the problem (1m)

Clarification of problem (1m)

Solving methods (3m)

Choose the best method and explain your choice. (1m)

ANSWER

a) i. Loggingii. Mining

iii. Fishingiv. Opening of new lands

b)

Identifying the problem- Human activities conducted in improper manners disturb the

balance of nature

Clarification of problem- Human activities conducted in improper manners that disturb

the balance of nature that lead to the depletion of naturalresources in a shorter period of time.

Solving methods- reforestation after logging- declare forest reserves- impose firm actions on illegal loggers

Choose the best method and explain your choice.- Reforestation after logging.

By replanting after logging we can ensure our forests to remainsustainable and supply continuous source of timber.

ch 11 preservation and conservation tc

Documents