Cattle

Taxonomic classification

Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaSubclass: CleriaInfraclass: TheriaOrder: ArtiodactylaSuborder: CetruminantiaInfraorder: PecoraFamily: BovidaeSubfamily: BovinaeTribe: BoviniGenus: Bos

Species: Species: Bos primigeniusBos primigenius

Subspecies: Bos primigenius taurus and Bos primigenius indicus

Terminology An intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male is called a

bull. An unbranded bovine of either sex is called a maverick in the USA and Canada.

An adult female that has had a calf (or two, depending on regional usage) is a cow.

A young female before she has had a calf of her own and is under three years of age is called a heifer (pronounced /hɛfər/, "heffer").

Young cattle of both sexes are called calves until they are weaned, then weaners until they are a year old in some areas. After that, they are referred to as yearlings if between one and two years of age.

A castrated male kept for draft purposes is called an ox (plural oxen).

Bullocks: Male cattle which have been castrated. (in US: steer)

Other terminology

Cattle raised for human consumption are called „beef cattle”. Cows of certain breeds that are kept for the milk they give are called "dairy cows" or „milking cows„

Most young male offspring of dairy cows are sold for veal, and may be referred to as veal calvesveal calves.

A group of cattle is called a herd, drove, mob or drift. They are also called, in some locations, a kine, and a herd of a dozen (twelve) cows is called a flink.

The adjective applying to cattle in general is usually bovine. The terms „bull”, „cow” and „calf” are also used by extension to denote the gender or age of other large animals, including whales, hippopotamuses, camels, whales, hippopotamuses, camels, elk and elephants.elk and elephants.

Utilization

Cattle are raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other

dairy products, and as draft animals (oxen / bullocks)

(pulling carts, plows and the like).

Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel.

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Cattle breeds

Over 800 breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide.

Some of them adapted to the local climate, others were bred by humans for specialized uses.

Breeds fall into two main types, regarded as either two closely related species. Bos indicus cattle, also called zebu, are adapted to hot

climates. Bos taurus are the typical cattle of Europe, north-eastern

Asia, and parts of Africa – they are referred to in this list as "taurine" cattle, and many are adapted to cooler climates.

Shape

In that dairy cattle tend to be more angular- and thinner-looking with a more defined and larger udder (in cows only).

Beef cattle tend to be more blockier and muscular than dairy cattle, with a seeming more rounded appearance, but at the same time not fat-looking.

Used for multiple purposesThese types are used for two,

three or more purposes.

Dexter, Blonde d'Aquitaine

(Beef/draught) Chianina (Beef/draught) Shetland cattle

(Beef/draught) Shorthorn (Dairy/beef) Simmental

(Dairy/beef/draught)

Used for dairy

Dairy cattle are cows produced for milk and

dairy production.

Holstein Red Holstein Jersey Ayrshire Brown Swiss

Figures for average milk output range up to 12,700kg per cycle, with 2.5-3.6% butterfat, 3.2% total protein. Lifetime production stands at around 26,000 litres. The current Holstein milk production leader is Ever-Green-View My, which produced 32,740 kg of milk in 365 days, completing her record in February 2010.

High butterfat conditions, 4.84% butterfat and 3.95% protein, and the ability to thrive on locally produced food.

Produces the second largest quantity of milk per annum, over 9,000 kg.The milk contains on average 4% butterfat and 3.5% protein, making their milk excellent for production of cheese.

Used for beefBeef Cattle are cattle that are

produced with the purpose of producing beef.

Aberdeen angus Hereford Belgian Blue Highland Cattle (Beef) Limousin (Beef/draught) Marchigiana (Beef/draught) Blonde d'Aquitaine (Beef/draught) Chianina (Beef/draught) Charolais (Beef/draught) English Longhorn Florida Cracker Galloway Lincoln Red Texas Longhorn Hungarian Grey

Romagnola

Limousin

Charolais

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