canine anatomy and physiology introduction to · introduction to canine anatomy and physiology...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Canine Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomical Vocabulary, Basic Functions and Anatomy of the DogLecture 1
1
Lecture Content➔ Basic Anatomical Concepts
◆ Anatomy and Physiology terminology◆ Anatomy Scales and Levels of
Organization◆ Directional Terms◆ Anatomical Positions◆ Anatomical Planes and Axes
➔ Organs and Organ Systems◆ Nervous System
● Organization● Central NS● Reflexes● Peripheral NS● Sympathetic NS● Parasympathetic NS● Neurons and other NS Cells 2
Lecture Content (cont.)◆ Body Cavities◆ Digestive System
● Organization● Cranial Portion● Abdominal Portion● Accessory Glands
◆ Cardiovascular System ● Organization● The Blood● The Heart● Blood Vessels● Circulation
◆ Respiratory System● Organization● Conduction System● Exchange system● Respiration
3
Lecture Content (cont.)◆ Urinary System
● The Kidneys● Ureters, Bladder and Urethra
◆ Reproductive System● Female Reproductive System● The Heat Cycle● Male Reproductive System● Testosterone
◆ Endocrine System● Endocrine Glands
◆ The Senses● The Sense of Sight● The Sense of Hearing● The Sense of Smell
4
Canine Skeletal System and Arthrology
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeleton and Joints of the DogLecture 2
Lecture Content➔ Basic Concepts
◆ Functions of the Skeletal System◆ Bone Tissue
● Bone Cells◆ Connective Tissue◆ Cartilage
➔ Joints◆ Synarthrosis
● Fibrous Joints● Cartilaginous Joints
◆ Synovial Joints◆ Inconstant Structures◆ Movements in Synovial Joints◆ Types of Synovial Joints
6
Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Axial Skeleton
◆ Functions and Organization◆ The Skull
● Skull Bones○ Neurocranium○ Facial Skeleton
● The Mandible◆ The Vertebral Column
● Vertebrae● Cervical Vertebrae● Thoracic Vertebrae● Lumbar Vertebrae● Sacral Bone● Caudal Vertebrae and Ribs
◆ The Sternum◆ Important Ligaments of the Axial Skeleton
7
Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Thoracic Limb
◆ Functions and Organizations◆ Pectoral Girdle◆ The Arm◆ The Forearm◆ The Forepaw◆ Thoracic Limbs Joints
● Shoulder Joint● Elbow Joint● Carpal Joints● Phalangeal Joints
➔ Pelvic Limb◆ Functions and Organization◆ Pelvic Girdle◆ The Leg◆ The Crus◆ The Hindpaw
8
Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Pelvic Limb (cont.)
◆ Pelvic Limb Joints◆ The Hip Joint◆ The Stifle Joint◆ Tarsal Joint
➔ Statics and Dynamics◆ Basic Concepts◆ Architecture of the Trunk◆ The Forelimb◆ The Hindlimb◆ Normal Gaits of the Dog
● The Walk● The Trot● The Pace● The Gallop
9
Canine Muscular System and ExerciseAnatomy and Physiology of the Muscles of the Dog and Exercise PhysiologyLecture 3
10
Lecture Content➔ Basic Concepts
◆ Functions of The Muscles◆ The Sarcomere◆ Types of Muscle◆ Connective Tissue
➔ Muscles of the Head and Trunk◆ Cutaneous Muscles◆ Muscles of the Head
● Facial Musculature● Mandibular Muscles
◆ Muscles of the Neck◆ Epaxial Muscles◆ Muscles of the Thoracic Wall◆ Muscles of the Abdominal Wall◆ Muscles of the Tail
11
Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Thoracic Limb
◆ General Structure◆ Girdle Musculature◆ Muscles of the Shoulder Joint◆ Muscles of the Elbow Joint◆ Muscles of the Radioulnar Joint◆ Muscles of the Carpal Joints◆ Muscles of the Digits
➔ Pelvic Limb◆ General Structure◆ Pelvic Girdle Musculature◆ Rump Muscles◆ Hamstring Muscles◆ Medial Muscles of the Thigh
12
Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Pelvic Limb (cont.)
◆ Inner Pelvic Muscles◆ Muscles of the Stifle◆ Muscles of the Crus
● Cráneo Lateral Muscles● Caudal Muscles
➔ Exercise Physiology◆ What is Exercise?◆ Exercise Substrates◆ Hormonal Regulation in Exercise◆ Exercise Limiting Factors◆ Systems of the Body During Exercise
13
Lecture Content (cont.)
➔ Physical exercise through life stages:◆ What happens when your dog doesn’t
exercise?◆ Why should your dog exercise?◆ Exercise tips for Puppies◆ Puppy’s Exercise Requirements◆ Considerations for Adult Dogs◆ Dog Exercise Alternatives◆ Exercise tips for Senior Dogs◆ Other ways to Exercise Senior Dogs
14