canadian kids: fit or fat? sally sleiman and stephanie tacit
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Canadian Kids:Canadian Kids:Fit or Fat?Fit or Fat?
Sally Sleimanand
Stephanie Tacit
What is Fit?What is Fit?
In Good Physical Condition
In Good Health Able to Easily Carry
Out Everyday Routine/ Tasks
What Qualifies as “Fat”?What Qualifies as “Fat”?
Fat: Another Word for Obese (20% Over a Healthy Body Weight)
Refers to an Excess Amount of Body Fat (Not Weight from Muscles, Bones, or Water Weight)
Some People with Lots of Muscle Can be Overweight but not Obese
What is Fat?What is Fat?
Main Fuel for the Main Fuel for the BodyBody
Recommendation: Recommendation: 30% of Daily Calories 30% of Daily Calories Come from Fat.Come from Fat.
Monounsaturated Fat:Monounsaturated Fat: Not EssentialNot Essential Lowers cholesterolLowers cholesterol Liquid/Oil at Room Liquid/Oil at Room
Temp.Temp.
Polyunsaturated Fat:Polyunsaturated Fat: Essential FatEssential Fat Build Hormones Build Hormones
and Cell Wall and Cell Wall StructuresStructures
Lowers Blood Lowers Blood CholesterolCholesterol
Liquid/Oil at Room Liquid/Oil at Room Temp.Temp.
What is Fat?What is Fat?
Saturated Fats: Saturated Fats: Not Essential at AllNot Essential at All Not Harmful in Small Not Harmful in Small
AmountsAmounts Causes Heart Disease , Causes Heart Disease ,
High Blood Pressure, High Blood Pressure, and Strokes in Large and Strokes in Large AmountsAmounts
Solid at Room Temp.Solid at Room Temp.
Trans Fats: Trans Fats: Some Occur in Nature Some Occur in Nature
(Ruminants)(Ruminants) Result of Hydrogenation Result of Hydrogenation
(Vegetable Oil + (Vegetable Oil + Hydrogenation)Hydrogenation)
IncreasesIncreases Food Shelf Life Food Shelf Life and Flavor Stability and Flavor Stability
Causes High Cholesterol, Causes High Cholesterol, Heart Disease, Liver Heart Disease, Liver DysfunctionDysfunction
Solid at Room Temp.Solid at Room Temp.
Am I “Fat”?Am I “Fat”?
BMI (Body Mass Index)BMI (Body Mass Index) calculated by dividing the subject's weight in kilograms by the calculated by dividing the subject's weight in kilograms by the
square of his/her height in metres (square of his/her height in metres (BMIBMI = = kgkg / / mm2).2). A BMI less than 18.5 is A BMI less than 18.5 is underweightunderweight A BMI of 18.5 - 24.9 is A BMI of 18.5 - 24.9 is normal weightnormal weight A BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 is A BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 is overweightoverweight A BMI of 30.0 - 39.9 is A BMI of 30.0 - 39.9 is obeseobese A BMI of 40.0 or higher is A BMI of 40.0 or higher is severely (or morbidly) obeseseverely (or morbidly) obese Race, Ethnicity, Lean Mass (Muscularity), Age, Sex, Etc. Can Race, Ethnicity, Lean Mass (Muscularity), Age, Sex, Etc. Can
Affect InterpretationIAffect InterpretationI Overestimates Body Fat in Muscular PersonsOverestimates Body Fat in Muscular Persons Underestimates Body Fat of Persons Who Have Lost Body MassUnderestimates Body Fat of Persons Who Have Lost Body Mass
Am I “Fat”?Am I “Fat”? Waist CircumferenceWaist Circumference
Absolute Waist Circumference (Men: >102 cm; Women: >88 cm or Absolute Waist Circumference (Men: >102 cm; Women: >88 cm or Waist-Hip Ratio (Men: >0.9; Women: >0.85) Used As Measures of Waist-Hip Ratio (Men: >0.9; Women: >0.85) Used As Measures of ObesityObesity
Body Fat MeasurementBody Fat Measurement Assesses % Body Fat (Men: > 25% body fat; Women: > 30% Body Assesses % Body Fat (Men: > 25% body fat; Women: > 30% Body
Fat Are Obese)Fat Are Obese) Difficult to Measure PreciselyDifficult to Measure Precisely Method: Weigh Person Underwater (Special Lab)Method: Weigh Person Underwater (Special Lab) Method: Method: SkinfoldSkinfold Test: pinch of Skin is Precisely Measured to Test: pinch of Skin is Precisely Measured to
Determine Subcutaneous fat layer thickness (Specialist Clinics)Determine Subcutaneous fat layer thickness (Specialist Clinics) Method: Method: Bioelectric Impedance Analysis Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (Specialist Clinics)(Specialist Clinics)
Use Your BrainUse Your Brain People With Obesity Risks Can Usually be Identified By Eye (Doctor)People With Obesity Risks Can Usually be Identified By Eye (Doctor)
What Contributes to Being Fat?What Contributes to Being Fat? GeneticsGenetics Eating DisordersEating Disorders Too Much Junk FoodToo Much Junk Food BingingBinging Lack of ActivityLack of Activity Lack of Mental Lack of Mental
Wellness (Stress)Wellness (Stress) Insufficient SleepInsufficient Sleep Quitting SmokingQuitting Smoking
Is Being Fat Really So Bad?Is Being Fat Really So Bad? Risk factors:Risk factors:
Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease Diabetes Mellitus Type 2Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure High Blood CholesterolHigh Blood Cholesterol Sleep Apnea (No Breathing)Sleep Apnea (No Breathing)
Correlations:Correlations: Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Menstrual DisordersMenstrual Disorders InfertilityInfertility Fatty Liver DiseaseFatty Liver Disease GallstonesGallstones HerniaHernia
Is Being Fat Really So Bad?Is Being Fat Really So Bad? Colorectal, Breast, and Colorectal, Breast, and
Uterine CancerUterine Cancer Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence Stretch MarksStretch Marks CellulitesCellulites ImmobilityImmobility OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis Low Back PainLow Back Pain StrokeStroke HeadacheHeadache HypoventilationHypoventilation AsthmaAsthma DepressionDepression Low Self EsteemLow Self Esteem
Benefits of Being FitBenefits of Being Fit Short-Term:Short-Term:
Healthy: Heart, Muscles, Healthy: Heart, Muscles, Bones, and JointsBones, and Joints
Increased Burning of Increased Burning of CaloriesCalories
Better Ability to Cope with Better Ability to Cope with StressStress
Long-Term:Long-Term: Improved Ability to Fall Improved Ability to Fall
Asleep and Rest WellAsleep and Rest Well Strength and Ability to Strength and Ability to
Carry Out Daily ActivitiesCarry Out Daily Activities Less Stress and AnxietyLess Stress and Anxiety
Benefits of Being FitBenefits of Being Fit More EnergyMore Energy More Mental Acuity More Mental Acuity
(Thinking Sharper and (Thinking Sharper and Faster)Faster)
Less Risk of:Less Risk of: Dying Early or After a Dying Early or After a
Heart AttackHeart Attack Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes Colon and Breast CancerColon and Breast Cancer Becoming ObeseBecoming Obese Having a StrokeHaving a Stroke
How Do I Get Fit?How Do I Get Fit?
Healthy DietHealthy Diet Follow Canada Food GuideFollow Canada Food Guide Read Food LabelsRead Food Labels Treat OccasionallyTreat Occasionally No BingingNo Binging
Regular ExerciseRegular Exercise Reduce Sitting for Long Periods of TimeReduce Sitting for Long Periods of Time Increase Strength, Flexibility, and Increase Strength, Flexibility, and
Endurance ActivitiesEndurance Activities Accumulate 30 to 60 Minutes of Moderate Accumulate 30 to 60 Minutes of Moderate
Daily Activity (ie. Walking, Biking, House Daily Activity (ie. Walking, Biking, House Chores, Swimming, Dancing, Water Chores, Swimming, Dancing, Water Aerobics)Aerobics)
Healthy LifestyleHealthy Lifestyle Take the Stairs, Bike Instead of Driving, Take the Stairs, Bike Instead of Driving,
Don’t Eating Fast Food (Subs are Fast)Don’t Eating Fast Food (Subs are Fast)
How Do I Get Fit?How Do I Get Fit? SleepSleep
Most Adolescents Need 8.5 to 9 Hours of Most Adolescents Need 8.5 to 9 Hours of SleepSleep
Consistent Sleep ScheduleConsistent Sleep Schedule
Active MindActive Mind Thinking Uses up Energy!Thinking Uses up Energy!
Losing Unhealthy Losing Unhealthy WeightWeight
Use More Energy than You ConsumeUse More Energy than You Consume Lose 1 to 2 Pounds per WeekLose 1 to 2 Pounds per Week Eat!! Your Body Needs Food, or Else it Goes Eat!! Your Body Needs Food, or Else it Goes
into Starvation Mode (Feeds Off of Muscle, into Starvation Mode (Feeds Off of Muscle, Not Fat)Not Fat)
Set Realistic GoalsSet Realistic Goals InspirationInspiration Baby StepsBaby Steps
Canadian Children’s ParentsCanadian Children’s Parents 6% Rated the Overall
Health of Canadian Children A Grade
At Least 40% Say They Believe Their Own Child’s Level of Physical Activity and Diet Rates an A Grade
92% Supported Mandatory Physical Activity for Children in Schools
Canadian Children’s ParentsCanadian Children’s Parents 81% Favoured Removal 81% Favoured Removal
of Junk Foods High in of Junk Foods High in Sugar, Fat, and Salt Sugar, Fat, and Salt from School Vending from School Vending MachinesMachines
63% Support Tax 63% Support Tax Breaks on Purchases of Breaks on Purchases of Healthy FoodsHealthy Foods
9% Considered Their 9% Considered Their Offspring OverweightOffspring Overweight
How Many Children Are How Many Children Are Overweight/Obese?Overweight/Obese?
Canadian ChildrenCanadian Children
26% of Canadian Children are Overweight or Obese (Statistics Canada)
What Have We Done?What Have We Done?
Encouraged Children Encouraged Children to Be More Active viato Be More Active via Television CommercialsTelevision Commercials Video Games that Require Video Games that Require
Physical ActivenessPhysical Activeness Educating Children via Educating Children via
School Guest SpeakersSchool Guest Speakers Replacing Junk Food in Replacing Junk Food in
School Vending MachinesSchool Vending Machines Replacing Junky Cafeteria Replacing Junky Cafeteria
Food (Putting in Healthier Food (Putting in Healthier Options)Options)
What Have We Done?What Have We Done?
Encouraged Parents to Encouraged Parents to buy Healthy Foods viabuy Healthy Foods via Television CommercialsTelevision Commercials Television Programs (ie. Television Programs (ie.
Honey, We’re Killing the Honey, We’re Killing the Kids)Kids)
Health Food CheckHealth Food Check
Encouraged Parents to Encouraged Parents to be Good Role Models be Good Role Models for their Childrenfor their Children
What Can We Do?What Can We Do? Put Comprehensive
School Programs into Place Emphasize Reduced
Recreational Television, Computer and Video Game Use by Children, and Reduced Soft Drink Consumption by Children
Offering Fiscal Incentives to Promote Healthy Lifestyles (Cheaper Healthy Foods)
What Can We Do?What Can We Do?
Put Up Gas Prices Put Up Gas Prices (Encourages (Encourages Walking/Biking)Walking/Biking)
Developing Point of Developing Point of Decision Prompts for Decision Prompts for Physical Activity Physical Activity (Signs for Stairs at (Signs for Stairs at Elevators)Elevators)
Community Events Community Events Promoting Physical Promoting Physical ActivityActivity
ReviewReview
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