COLONIZATION & NEO COLONIZATION

PRESENTED BY :FAIZAN AFTABZAINUB ALTAFSUMAIRA SHAFIQSHAHDAD KHAN

Development studiesBs-Cs 1st

Section - B

COLONIZATION

• Colonization comes from Latin word colere. It is the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies .

• Colonization is the extension of political and economic control over an area by a state, whose nationals have occupied the area and usually possesses organizational or technological superiority over the native population.

MOTIVES OF COLONIZATION:

Colonization has occurred through out the history in Europe. Three most influential colonizers work British, Spanish, French. These three countries had three basic motives:

1. Material gain2. Desire to spread religion.3. Desire expend territory.

Using these motives they created long term effects in the culture religion and economy of areas that they colonize.

COLONIZATION

• The Greeks, from a desire for wealth or as a result of the expulsion of a political faction or the defeated inhabitants of a city, established colonies in Asia Minor and Italy, spreading Hellenic culture and stimulating trade.

• As early as the 10th cent. B.C., the Phoenicians founded trading posts throughout the Mediterranean area and later exercised political dominion over these commercial colonies.

MAP OF GREEK & PHEONICIANS COLONIZATION

Biggest colonization of history:• Colonization of India• Colonization of Africa• Colonization of America

COLONIZATION

COLONIZATION IN AFRICA

• From the seventh century, Arab trade with sub-Saharan Africa led to a gradual colonization of East Africa, around Zanzibar and other bases.

• After that Africa remained colonized under French, British & Portuguese.

French established equality, interracial marriages, rights & support.

• Britishers didn’t support equality they considered others lower & didn’t liked it if they adopted British culture.

• Portuguese allowed interracial marriages but considered blood related Portuguese as superior.

• Finally struggle was made by Africans to gain independence & get rid off colonization.

COLONIZATION IN AMERICA

• During the sixteenth century the work of colonizing America was left almost entirely to the people of Spain.

• Colonies were established on the coasts of South and Central America.

• In 1519 Cortez began that memorable expedition which soon subjected the Aztec empire of Mexico to his sway.

• In a comparatively short time the whole of western South America from the lower boundary of Chili to the Caribbean coast was Spanish territory.

COLONIZATION IN INDIA

• When the British colonize India they modernized and make conveniences only for themselves.

• India suffered, destruction of education system, economies ancient monuments and lively hood of people.

• Living standards, sanitation, water resources and other facilities were barely provided.

• The East India Company established trading posts on different parts along the India coast.

IMPACT OF COLONIZATION

• SELF IMAGE & IDENTITY:New cultures & religion was introduced but tradition culture

was destroyed. Example : British brought English language but destroyed traditions.

• DECISION MAKING & LEADERSHIP:Colonization weakens decision making & leaders. Example:

Tribal leadership system in Africa was destroyed.

• RIGHTS:No equality or rights were given to the natives. Example:

Indians were forced to labor on constructions of road & buildings but were kept from benefiting from such.

• WEALTH & RESOURCES:Exploitation of resources occurred. Example: Tons of silver &

gold were transported from America to Spain. Similarly British took valuable jewels from India etc.

NEO COLONIZATION

NEO COLONIZATION

• "As long as imperialism exists it will, by definition, exert its domination over other countries. Today that domination is called neocolonialism."

— Che Guevara, Marxist revolutionary, 1965

• Neo Colonization is used for the exploitation rather than for development of less developed parts of world.

•  Kwame Nkrumah, who in 1957 became leader of newly independent Ghana, was one of the most notable figures to use the term

NEO COLONIZATION

HOW NEO-COLONIZATION OCCURS TODAY

• Reality of independence.

• Reality of economic system and political system. [Directed from outside]

NEO COLONIZATION

METHODS AND FORMS OF NEO COLONIZATION:

• Military invasion

• Financial means

• Control over government policy

NEO COLONIZATION

RESULT OF NEO -COLONIZATION:

• The result of neo-colonialism is that foreign capital is used for the exploitation rather than for the development of the less developed parts of the world.

• Neo-colonialism increases rather than decreases

the GAP between the rich and the poor countries of the world.

NEO COLONIZATION

STRUGGLES AGAINST NEO COLONIZATION:

• Aim of struggle against neo- colonization is to prevent weakening of the less developed countries.

EXAMPLE:Non-alignment, as practiced by Ghana

and many other countries, is based on co-operation with all States. Such a policy, therefore, involves foreign investment from capitalist countries, but it must be invested in accordance with a national plan drawn up by the government of the non-aligned State.

NEO COLONIZATIONNEO COLONIZISM – A THREAT:

• The growth of nuclear weapons• Old-fashioned balance of power out dated. • Historically the mutual mass destruction prevented countries

from threatening each other. But now the case is different. Rich and technologically developed countries aim to have better and more dangerous nuclear power, whereas poor countries may be low at these resources and may not be able to compete with the richer developed states.

• The evil of neo-colonialism is that it prevents the formation of those large units which would make impossible ‘limited war’.

Example: If Africa was united, no major power community would attempt to control it by limited war.

NEO COLONIZATION

• Neo-colonialism is also the worst form of imperialism. For those who practice it, it means power without responsibility and for those who suffer from it, it means exploitation without redress. In the days of old-fashioned colonialism, the imperial power had at least to explain and justify at home the actions it was taking abroad.

• Neo-colonialism is based upon the principle of breaking up former large united states into a number of small non workable States which are incapable of independent development and must rely upon the former imperial power for defense and even internal security.

NEO COLONIZATION

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OLD IMPERIALISM AND THE NEW GLOBALIZATION PROCESS:

• knife on the back. (historically)

• In globalization you are captive and unaware. When the prisoners are unaware of their handcuffs then it’s hopeless.

NEO COLONIZATION CONCLUSIONS

• Destruction of developed countries. Case of America, e.g. Iraq

• In the U.S. it has touched the lives of African-Americans who have had lives caught in street violence and are fighting for their lives. Suddenly Islam comes to them and they find peace, dignity and a faith they can believe in.

• Globally, the numbers of the poor are increasing fast.

• The reality of U.S. government (domination and exploitation)

THANK YOU