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Topics

Concept of Operators

Classification of operators

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Classification

Arithmetic operators Conditional operators Bitwise operators Relational operators Logical operators Assignment operators Increment and decrement operators Special operators

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Arithmetic Operators

Integer Arithmetic Real Arithmetic Mixed –mode Arithmetic

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Integer Arithmetic

Operands in a single arithmetic expression Operation is integer arithmetic E.g. If a =14 and b=4 a-b=10 a+b=18 a/b=3 a%b=2

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Use of integer arithmetic

main(){

int months, days;printf(“Enter days\n”);scanf(“%d, &days”);

months=days/30;days=days%30;

printf(“Months=%d Days=%d”, months, days);}

04/10/23 By Jag7

Real Arithmetic

Real operator is known as real arithmetic. Decimal and exponential notation

If x,y are floats

x=6.0/7.0=0.857143

y=-2.0/3.0=-0.666667

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Mixed –mode Arithmetic

One of the operands is real and the other is integer

For example

19/10.0=1.9

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Conditional operators

The conditional operator consists of 2 symbols the question mark (?) and the colon (:)

Syntax:

exp1 ? exp2: exp3

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Example

a=16b=25; x=(a>b) ? a : b;

if (a>b) x=a; else x=b;

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Bitwise operators

Operator Meaning

& Bitwise AND

| Bitwise OR

^ Bitwise Exclusive

<< Shift left

>> Shift right

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Result of logical Bitwise Operation

op1 op2 op1&op2 op1|op2 op1^op2

1 1 1 1 0

1 0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

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Example

Bitwise AND

x - - -> 0000 0000 0000 1101y - - -> 0000 0000 0001 1001

x&y- - -> 0000 0000 0000 1001

Bitwise OR

x - - - > 0000 0000 0000 1101y - - -> 0000 0000 0000 1001x|y - - -> 0000 0000 0001 1101

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Bitwise Exclusive OR

x - - -> 0000 0000 0000 1101

y - - -> 0000 0000 0001 1001

x^y - - -> 0000 0000 0001 0100

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Bitwise shift operators

Left shift

op<<n

Eg. 0100 1001 1100 1011

x<<3

Right shift

op>>n

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Bitwise Complement Operators

~ one’s complement operator is a unary operator.

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Relational Operators

Operator Meaning

< is less than

<= is less than or equal to

> is greater than

>= is greater than or equal to

== is equal to

!= is not equal to

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Logical operators

Operator Meaning

&& Logical AND

|| Logical OR

! Logical NOT

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Examples

Logical AND (&&) a > b && x = = 10

Logical OR (||) a < m || a < n

Logical NOT (!)

! (x >= y)

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Assignment Operators

In addition, C has a set of shorthand assignment operators of the form. var oper = exp;

Example x = a + b

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Increment and Decrement

syntax: 1. ++variable name

2. variable name++ 3. – –variable name 4. variable name– –

x= 5; y = ++x; (prefix)

In this case the value of y and x would be 6

x= 5; y = x++; (post fix)

Then the value of y will be 5 and that of x will be 6.

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Special operators

Comma operator Size of operator Pointer operators (& and *) Member selection operators (. and ->).

04/10/23 By Jag23

Comma operator

Link related expressions together Expressions are evaluated left to right

for e.g.

value = (x = 10, y = 5, x + y);

for (n=1, m=10, n <=m; n++, m++)

04/10/23 By Jag24

The sizeof Operator

Gives of bytes occupied in the memory. To determine the lengths of arrays and structures

when their sizes are not known to the programmer

for e.g.

x = sizeof (sum); y = sizeof (long int); z= sizeof (235L);

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Precedence and Associativity

Precedence rules decides the order in which different operator are applied.

Associativity rule decides the order in which multiple occurrences of the same level operator are applied.

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Summary of C operator

Description Operator Rank Associativity

Function callArray element reference

( )[]

1 Left to right

Unary plus Unary minus Increment Decrement Logical negationOnes complement AddressSize of an object

+-++--!~&Sizeof

2 Right to left

MultiplicationDivisionModulus

*/%

3 Left to right

AdditionSubtraction

+-

4 Left to right

Left shiftRight shift

<<>>

5 Left to right

Less thanLess than equal toGreater than Greater than equal to

<<=>>=

6 Left to right

EqualityInequality

= =|=

7 Left to right

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Continue….

Bitwise AND & 8 Left to right

Bitwise XOR ^ 9 Left to right

Bitwise OR | 10 Left to right

Logical AND && 11 Left to right

Logical OR || 12 Left to right

Conditional operator ?: 13 Right to left

Assignment operator =*=/=%=+=-=&=^=|=<< = >>=

14 Right to left

Commas operator , 15 Left to right

04/10/23 By Jag28