Build and Manage: Make the Proper Evaluations

Technology in Construction

Chicago. August 20, 2009

Tom Iseley, Ph.D., P.E.Professor and Director

Bill White, AIA, CSILecturer/CEMT

Olga Lucia Vargas-LamannaArchitect, Graduate Student/CEMT

Purdue School of Engineering and Technology

Construction Engineering Management Technology

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

"The future is here.

It's just not widely distributed yet”

William Gibson (science fiction novelist)

Meeting future challenges of construction will require:• Technology • People

Technology• The practical application of knowledge especially in a

particular area• A capability given by the practical application of

knowledge• The specialized aspects of a particular field of endeavor• A manner of accomplishing a task especially using

technical processes, methods, or knowledge Merriam – Webster Online Dictionary

Application Knowledge Specialization Field

Accomplishment

knowledge Task RESULTS

Application

Accomplishment

Efficiency

Productivity

Technology

knowledge Task RESULTS

Application

Accomplishment

Efficiency

Productivity

Technology

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knowledge Task

Application

Accomplishment

Efficiency

Productivity

RESULTS

Processes

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TECHNOLOGY

People

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CHANGE!

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Require People

Accomplishment

Efficiency

Productivity

RESULTS

OR

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T H O

C O L

E YN

G

Important Trend

• 2020 - 8 Billion people in the world

• Urban Center

• Changing Workforce

• Demographics

• Attributes

• Skills cities.jpg480

CEOs for Cities• A national network of urban leaders from civil,

business, academic & philanthropic sectors who believe that: “Cities Are the Solution”

• Committed to inventing next practices for building and sustaining the next generation of great American cities.

• Founded in 1998 by:• Paul Grogan, Author of Comeback Cities & Pres. of the Boston Foundation• Mayor Richard M. Daley of Chicago• Dr. Eugene Trani, President of Virginia Commonwealth University• Charles Ratner, CEO & President Forest City Enterprises

CEOs for Cities – National Initiatives

• 2002 – Leveraging Colleges and Universities for Urban Revitalization: An Action Agenda – challenges universities & cities to collaborate

• 2007 – Leveraging Anchor Institutions for Urban Success – addressed how institutions/universities can be transformed from urban amenities to urban assets.

• Indy-DPW / IUPUI NPR Process - a step in transforming our university from just an urban amenity to being a real urban asset.

Green Technology

Reach the goal of the business without harm natural

environment and its resources.

• Allows better use of resources

• Construction sector has an enormous responsibility in the

conservation of the environment.

• Adopt Green Technology is a voluntary act

• USGBC gives some reason why to build green

When Choosing Technology Remember…

• Consider your return on investment (ROI)

Choose technology that will evolve with your business

• Consider support.

Don’t let cost be the only deciding factor

Don’t Be a Guinea Pig

When Choosing Technology Remember…

• Consider a second-tier company

• Look at the retailer

• Get VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) phone

service

• Don’t Overlook Free Stuff

• Find an IT Advisor

Technology on the Workplace

Virtual Workplace

• Workplaces, in which employees operate remotely

from each other and from managers

• Also known as “e-work”

• Involves workers performing tasks which can be

completed independent of any specific geographic

location.

Virtual Workplace

Business Benefits

• Reduce real estate expenses

• Increased productivity

• Higher profits

• Improved customer service

• Access to global markets

• Environmental benefits

Virtual Workplace

Employee Benefits

• More effective manage their time, workload and

performance

• Reduce stress and cost of commuting

• Improve performance

• Work and Family Balance

Virtual Workplace

Potential Disadvantages

• Set up and maintenance cost

• Lost of cost efficiencies

• Cultural Issues

• Feeling of isolation

• Lack of trust

Virtual Workplace

Challenges for Managers

• Accept and support the concept of virtual-work

• Shift from managing time (activity-based) to

managing projects (results-based)

• Better supervisor skills

• Set and enforce ground rules for communication,

performance management, encourage performance.

Virtual Workplace

For whom it is appropriate?No for all jobs, all employees, or all managers!

• Jobs Services and knowledge oriented Evolve according customer requirements Sales, marketing, project engineering, and consulting.

• Employees Well adapted to the company and its culture. Motivated, self-starters, know well the job, technical self-

sufficient

Technology on Construction Site

“Technological evolution coupled with owner

demand for better, faster, less costly construction

projects and more effective processes are driving

change in the construction industry. These changes

are revolutionary in nature. They will transform

practice as we know it today.”

Norman Strong, FAIA

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC)

• It is the current term to describe the means

and methods of digitally prototyping a project.

• The ability to couple models with analysis and

simulation tools to prototype construction,

performance and sustainability on the

computer and to share this information with all

stakeholders before actual building begins.

VDC

• “…The models are multi-disciplinary in the sense that they represent the Architect, Engineering, Contractor (AEC) and Owner of the project, as well as relevant sub disciplines”. (Kunz & Fischer 2007)

• Software permits cost effective creation of accurate digital “Virtual” geometry models as well as process, scheduling, estimates and time sequence models.

VDC

Benefits

Include but are not limited to: • Reduced cost• completion• increased safety, longevity and constructability • energy efficiency.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)• BIM is a digital representation of the building process to

facilitate exchange and interoperability of information in digital format.

• Its use requires earlier detailed

design decisions.• Most frequent use of BIM is:

• 91% Design Development • 86% Schematic design • 81% Construction Documentation phases

www.schuff.com/images/bim.jpg

BIM

Top Benefits of BIM

• Easier coordination of different

software and project personnel

• Improved productivity

• Improved communication

• Improved quality control

www.pacificad.com/.../architecture/BIM_Cycle.jpg

BIM

Top Obstacles to BIM Adoption

•  Adequate training

• Senior management buy-in

• Cost of software

• Cost of required hardware upgrades www.buildersbooksource.com/.../9780470185285.jpg

BIMBIM and Green Building• Data incorporated into a BIM can be used to

analyze the performance of a building, including such green aspects as day lighting, energy efficiency and sustainable materials.

• However, as BIM continues to develop, technology providers will need to improve its ability to address the sustainable design and construction demands of the industry.

www.buildinggreen.com/.../Courthouse_diag.jpg

BIM

5 D

2D DESIGN Shop Drawings – 2 Dimensions

3D DESIGN Modeling

4D TIME Scheduling and Production Control

5D MONEY Estimating and Cost Planning

5 D

• These elements are

interlinked, ensuring that

a change to any of the

three automatically

updates the other two.

BIM

BIM

5 D• Allows users to extract accurate estimates and

analyze alternative construction sequences.

Benefits • Integration of design and estimating • Accurate cost calculations• Creation, analysis and optimization of schedules • Risk reduction

http://www.vicosoftware.com/Portals/658/html/5dpresenter1.html

IPD – INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY

• Integrated Project Delivery is the general term applied to a new project delivery system.

• Needs a Highly collaborative and cross functional teams

• Teams: All project lifecycle stakeholders including owner, architect, general contractor, engineers, suppliers and security www.i-designs.ca/images/ipd.gif

IPD

Keys to success:

• The team to be assembled early in the process

• All team members have open and equal access to

information,

• They share equally in the risks and rewards of a

given project

Platforms:1.Owner

2.Architects and engineers

3.Contractors or builders

The owner, architect, and

contractor act as the core group

to manage the integrated project

delivery process.

IPD

www.estesconstruction.com/images/idp_graph.gif

IPD

Relying on:

• BIM (Building Information Modeling) software,

• Information sharing through the World Wide Web

• Empowered teams, often at great geographical

distances, work together to create designs, solve

problems and complete projects faster and less

expensively.

IPD

PAPERLESS OPERATIONS

• Work through reduce or eliminate unnecessary printed paper in office using digital technology

• Existing paper files are being transforming to a digital form.

• A construction project produces a lot of paper• Many stages to obtain the final product • Number of people involved in it.

http://blog.greenenergytv.com/blog/

PAPERLESS

Construction Management Web-based Solutions is revolutionizing the way how companies do business.

♦ Software♦ Pockets PCs, ♦ cellular♦ Pager

The software monitors work orders by providing communication and visibility throughout the various aspects of a construction project, such as documentation, design and cost.

gI_0_J34construction04m.jpg250 Construction Project Software.jpg220

PAPERLESS

Benefits of Construction Management Web-based Solutions

• Access Information Instantly

• Standardize business process

• Enhance communication

• Faster decision making

process

• Financial Management

• File Management

• Centralized Database

• Workflow Process Improvements

• Increase Accountability

• Improve Risk Management

• Reduce Costs

• Be “Greener”

PAPERLESS

A proper paperless solution can save the company a high percentage of operational cost but an unsuccessful one can cost a lot of money!

www.paperless-office-solution.com/images/bh-p...

GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

• GPS is a U.S. space-based radionavigation system that reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services

• GPS parts:• satellites orbiting the Earth • stations on Earth; • GPS receivers.

• GPS receiver provides: • Three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and

altitude) plus the time.

www.directionsmag.com/.../realtime_diff_GPS.jpg

CONSTRUCTION POSITIONING SYSTEMS

• Positioning equipments, software, hardware and applications offer solutions to Construction industry.

• Using the near pinpoint accuracy provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS) with ground augmentations, highly accurate surveying and mapping results can be rapidly obtained

CPS

Uses

• Design and data manipulation

• Site preparation, layout, level, and align

• Excavation and grading

• Paving and Profiling

• Grade Management base.cygnuspub.com/images/Products

CPSBenefits • Reducing the amount of equipment and labor hours

• One Person operation

• Increase productivity, accuracy, reliability and convenience.

• Gives decision-makers timely and valuable information for wise use of resources.

• Highly accurate surveying results

• Uninterrupted work in periods of poor weather

• Cost Saving

Use of Telematics Technology

Prof. Erdogan Sener

Purdue School of Engineering and Technology

Construction Engineering Management Technology

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Telematics

• The term telematics combines “telecommunications”

and “informatics”

• Literally defined, telematics is the integration of GIS,

wireless communications, computational systems, vehicle

monitoring systems, and location devices.

• More specifically it is the science of sending, receiving

and storing information via telecommunication devices.

Telematics

• Telematics have been applied

specifically to the use of Global

Positioning System technology

integrated with computers and

mobile communications

technology in equipment fleet

management systems

www.whnet.com/4x4/radio/contitel01.jpg

Telematics

Uses:

1. provide remote diagnostics in terms of identification of

mechanical or electronic problems, or in general, proper

functioning of the equipment.

2. Equipment owners/users (endusers) use it to obtain data

about if equipment is being used efficiently, productively,

and responsibly at a job site

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

• Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a generic

term that is used to describe a system that transmits

the identity (in the form of a unique serial number) of

an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves.

Bar codes Uses light waves

RFID Uses radio Waves

RFID

Components

A basic RFID system consists of three components:

1. An antenna or coil

2. A transceiver (with decoder)

3. A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed

with unique information

RFID

RFID on Construction• RFID is a promising

technology for enhancing construction operations and providing improved asset management

www.rfidjournal.com/.../catalogue/phprss8xw.jpg

RFID

Uses• Protect tools, equipment, and supplies from theft,

loss, or hoarding• Improve inventory tracking, re-ordering cycles, and

maintenance scheduling• Ensure workers have the right accreditations to use

the tools they check out.• Save money, time, and hassle from what can happen

without a tracking solution like RFID offers.

Architecture of the Future

Dynamic Towers – Arch. David FischerDubai

http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html

Architecture of the Future

• First building in motion• The symbol of a new philosophy• Infinite design possibilities• Each floor rotates independently• It is the first 100% self-powered Green building• First skyscraper to be built entirely from prefabricated

parts that are custom made in a workshop, resulting of fast construction and of substantial cost savings

http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.htmll

University, Industry & Technology

“Universities and private-sector partners are collaborating

effectively based on incentives provided by the state. Research

done at the university level will have its best payoff—

economically and socially—if industry is prepared to find ways to

bring that research to market. ..” 2007 report of National Governors

Association and the Pew Center on the State

New Product Evaluation Process• Indianapolis Department of Public Works (DPW)

Contracts the evaluation consultant Issues formal approvals for use of products

• IUPUI Through an agreement between the City of Indianapolis and

IUPUI, IUPUI will provide an evaluation of New Products, including Storm Water Quality Treatment Units

• Indianapolis Clean Stream Team DPW wet weather program management team Assists with services not funded by vendor and assigns

special reviews to IUPUI interns

New Product Evaluation Process

Results/Benefits for the City• Provide assistance to Indy-DPW personnel• Provide opportunity to products representatives

and/or manufacturers to present their products and obtain a fair but thorough evaluation in a reasonable period of time

• Take less time• Provide more information• Reduce the cost

New Product Evaluation Process

Results/Benefits for IUPUI• Provides students professional experience and

financial compensation for their time while still attending school

• Provide opportunity for students to develop a wide range of skills: Research, Technical Writing, Technical Presentations, Team work, Become familiar with DPW & industry

THANK YOU!

ReferencesMaster Card. (2009) Choose technology like an IT pro. Retrieved August 11, 2009 from

http://www.mastercard.com/us/business/en/smallbiz/articles/Technology/0107Technology.html

Cascio, W.F (2000). Managing a virtual workplace. The Academy of Management Executive (1993), 14(3), 81-90. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from J Stor database.

Sullivan, J. (2005). A case study of Google recruiting. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://www.ere.net/2005/12/05/a-case-study-of-google-recruiting/

Lucrosol (2009). VDC. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://lucrosol.com/taxonomy/term/11

AIA California Council. (2006). Integrated project delivery frequently asked. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://www.ipd-ca.net/PDFs/AIACC%20FAQ.pdf

Autodesk (2009). Constructware. Retrieved August 15, 2009 from http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=7104129

ReferencesMcGraw Hill Construction (2009). SmartMarket Report. Building Information Modeling (BIM).

Retrieved August 16, 2009 from http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/mcgraw-hill_construction_bim_smartmarket_report_december_2008.pdf

GPS Government (2009). Global Positioning System. Retrieved August 17,2009 from http://www.gps.gov

Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility (AIM). Technologies: RFID/ What is RFID?. Retrieved August 16, 2009 from http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/RFID/what_is_rfid.asp

Fisher, D. (2009). Dynamic Architecture (2009). Retrieved August 19, 2009 from http://www.dynamicarchitecture.net/home.html