Btec Level 2 – Phys 1Lesson 1 – Forms of Energy

Aims of lesson:• Know that energy can

exist in many different forms

• Understand where energy is being changed from one form to another

Starter Questions1. Name 9 different forms of

energy (K….., H……, S……, L……., E……., G……, C……., N……., E……….)

2. What types of energy are produced by a light bulb?

3. In question 2 what form of energy is wasted?

Saturday 22 April 2023

Forms of EnergyKinetic (moving objects)Heat (hot objects)Sound (vibration of air or other medium)Light (from luminous objects)Electricity (flow of electricity along a wire)Gravitational (‘high up’ objects)Chemical (things you ‘burn’ to release heat)Nuclear (atoms that disintegrate to produce heat)Elastic (stretched objects)

Energy Changes

Objects change energy from one form into another, e.g.

Electricity Light (useful)Heat (wasted)

Chemical Heat (useful)Light (wasted)

Electricity Kinetic (useful)Heat (wasted)Sound (wasted)

Draw energy diagrams (like the previous ones) for the following events…

1. A car engine2. A wind turbine3. Roller Coaster a

the top of a slope4. A archer about to

shoot an arrow5. A battery6. A nuclear reactor

e.g. Chemical → Car engine →…. (useful)

→…. (wasted)

Things to do…• Longman FND. Page

176-177, Q 1-9 & ‘Summary’

• Worksheet E5.1 ‘Types of energy;

Questions (HT)Questions (HT)1. The diagram B shows two items that give out both heat and

light energy. Name two other things that give out heat and light energy.

2. Name something that does not use electricity, but produces sound energy.

3. Explain what would happen to the water molecules in a cup of water as the temperature decreases from 20°C to -20°C.

4. What would eventually happen to the particles if the temperature continued to decrease?

5. A person sleeping upstairs has gravitational potential energy. Explain why this energy is called potential energy.

6. A blown-up balloon has stored energy. What is the form of this energy and how could you release this energy?

7. What type of energy do both petrol and chocolate have?8. Look at the photo. For each form of energy, write down

three places in the kitchen where it is being used or stored(a) Gravitational Potential Energy(b) Chemical energy(c) thermal energy(d) electrical energy

9. Describe the forms of energy a spacecraft would have during a journey from the earth to the moon

Module 9 - EnergyLesson 18 – How we generate our ElectricityAims:• How electricity is generated from non-renewable

fuels• Know how a power station produces electricity

22 Apr 2023

Starter Questions…

1. Name two fossil fuels?

2. Name a renewable fuel?

3. What sort of power station uses uranium and plutonium?

FuelsA “fuel” is something that can be burned to release heat and light energy. The main examples are:

Coal, oil and gas are called “fossil fuels”. In other words, they were made from fossils.

Power stations

Cooling tower

Turbine

Generator

Transformer

Boiler

What does each part do?

The boiler is where the fuel is burnt to boil water

The steam from the boiler is used to turn a turbine

The turbine is connected to the generator, which acts like a dynamo – it generates electricity out of movement

The steam is cooled down and turned back into water in the cooling tower

Nuclear power stationsThese work in a similar way to normal power stations:

The main difference is that the nuclear fuel is NOT burnt – it is used to boil water in a “heat

exchanger”

Advantages of non-renewable fuels

Coal, oil and gas

Nuclear

Relatively cheap

Reliable

Flexible in meeting demand

Relatively easy to find

Cheap fuel costs

Don’t produce as much pollution

The problems…Power stations using coal, oil, gas or nuclear fuels can certainly whack out the energy, BUT…

Problem 1 – Fossil fuels and nuclear sources will RUN OUT

Problem 2 – Burning fossil fuels will pollute the atmosphere

Problem 3 - Nuclear plants run the risk of contamination and the cost of shutting them down (“decommissioning”) is very high

So what’s the solution?

Things to do…

Questions:(blockbusters)

Longman FND, book 1. Page 192-193. Q 1-7 & ‘Summary’

Homework:Worksheet E14.1 ‘Power Stations’

22 Apr 2023

1. Explain how steam is used to generate electricity2. What fuels can be used in a power station?3. What form of energy

(a) goes into, (b) comes out, of a generator

4. Copy and complete the following sentences…

Power stations use _____ to heat water and change it into steam. Steam turns ____, which spin large magnets. Magnets spinning inside a coil of wire produce an ____ current.

Electric Fuels Turbines

5. What harm can power stations do to the environment

6. How could you reduce this harm?

Rollercoasters

Rollercoaster Activity – Pass CriteriaRollercoaster Activity – Pass CriteriaThis lesson…• You have design the plans

for a rollercoaster. • The rollercoaster

construction team need a ‘side view’ of your design.

• E.g.

You must include…1. How the rollercoaster gets

up the fist slope.What energy changes are taking place here

2. What heights are the drops.Why the heights of the drops are different

3. What energy changes take place as the rollercoaster travelsWhat forms of energy are Useful / wasted?

Plan…

• This lesson…Draft (on one side of A4) show to Mr C

• Next lesson…Final copy – once draft has been checked

Module 9 – Energy, Lesson 9Module 9 – Energy, Lesson 9Gravitational EnergyGravitational Energy

Aims of lesson:• Know how to calculate the

energy of an ‘elevated’ object

• Know how elevated objects store energy

Starter Questions1. What is the energy

change as a roller coaster goes down a slope?

2. As the rollercoaster goes down the slope is any other form of energy produced?

3. How does a hydro-electric power station use gravitational energy?

Saturday 22 April 2023

EnergyEnergyForm of Energy Example Diagram

Light

Heat

Electrical

Kinetic

Chemical

Gravitational

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

EnergyEnergy

Gravitational EnergyGravitational Energy

The amount of energy an object has depends on three things…•The mass of the object•The height it is lifted•The strength of gravity

Mass & WeightMass: The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object.

Mass always stays the same (kilograms)Weight: Gravity (a force) pulls on objects (with mass). The force of

gravity on an object is its weight. (Newtons)

Weight = mass x gravity

(N) = (kg) x (N/kg)Mr Connett has a mass of 74kg. This is the amount of stuff that makes him.Weight = mass x gravity

= 74kg x 10 N/kg= 740 N

1 kg

On Earth gravity pulls on each kilogram with a force of 10N

Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational EnergyGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x height

GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x heightEnergy (or Work done) = Force x distance

Questions…(1) A force of 100N drags an object 7 m. How much work is done? (2) An object, mass 3Kg is 6 m above the ground. How much potential

energy does it have?(3) A force of 6N is used to move an object 1 m. How much work has

been done?(4) (a) An object, mass 1kg is 10 m above the ground. How much

potential energy does it have this high up?(b) How much energy will it have if is only 0.5 m above the ground?(c) How much energy will it have if it is at ground level?(d) How much energy must it have lost if it falls from the original height, in part a) to the ground?

Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational EnergyGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x height

Questions…(1) An object, mass 3Kg is 6 m above the ground. How much potential

energy does it have?(2) (a) An object, mass 1kg is 10 m above the ground. How much

potential energy does it have this high up?(b) How much energy will it have if is only 0.5 m above the ground?(c) How much energy will it have if it is at ground level?(d) How much energy must it have lost if it falls from the original height, in part a) to the ground?

Remember: Gravity = 10 N/kg

Calculation of Gravitational EnergyCalculation of Gravitational Energy

Energy (or Work done) = Force x distance (joules) (newton) (metres)

Questions…(1) A force of 100N drags an object 7 m. How much work

is done? (2) A force of 6N is used to move an object 1 m. How

much work has been done?(3) A car is pushed a distance of 1000 m. The pushing

force is 300N, how much energy is used?(4) 300 Joules of energy was used to move an object. The

force was 50N, how far was the object pushed?

Quantity…

Mass Strength of Gravity

Weight Height gain

Energy gain

Unit…

1. What is the equation that links force, distance moved in the direction of the force and work done?What are the units of the above equation?

2. (a) What are the units of work?(b) How much energy is transferred when a crane lifts a load of 5000N through a distance of 30m?(c) When does a force not do any work?

3. A car follows a lorry up a hill, which would have the most gravitational energy at the top of the hill – explain your answer?

4. Sue weighs 500 newtons. She dives 4 metres into a swimming pool.a) What is Sue's weight? b) What is her change in height?c) How much gravitational potential energy does she lose?

5. Work out the gravitational potential energy that these objects have:a) A bird weighing 1 N, perched at the top of a 20 m high tower.b) A football weighing 7 N, kicked 3 m up into the air.

6. As a bungy jumper falls through the air his gravitational potential energy decreases. a) Sketch a graph to show how his gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy during his first fall.Start your graph like this:

b) Where does the energy come from to make him bounce back upwards?

1. What is the name of energy that ‘high up’ objects have?

2. An object has a mass of 3kg, it is lifted 5m, how much energy does it have?

3. Mr C (mass 75kg) walks up some stairs (10m). How much energy did he use?

4. What energy does a roller coaster have(a) at the top of a slope(b) at the bottom of a slope

5. As a roller coaster travels down a slope, energy is wasted as H___ and S____.

6. At lunchtime Mr C, goes to Torridge Way chippy. Does he have more or less energy at the chip shop, compared to school – why?

Mass & WeightMass: The amount of ‘stuff’ in an object.

Mass always stays the same (kilograms)Weight: Gravity (a force) pulls on objects (with mass). The force of

gravity on an object is its weight. (Newtons)

Weight = mass x gravity

(N) = (kg) x (N/kg)Mr Connett has a mass of 74kg. This is the amount of stuff that makes him.Weight = mass x gravity

= 74kg x 10 N/kg= 740 N

1 kg

On Earth gravity pulls on each kilogram with a force of 10N

Gravitational Energy

Recap…• e.g.• A car has a mass of 1200kg.• It dirves up a hill 80 m high.• GPE = Mass x strength of gravity x height

= 1200kg x 10 N/kg x 80m= 960000 Joules (J)

GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x heightGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x height

Gravitational Energy

Recap…• e.g.• A car has a mass of 1200kg.• It dirves up a hill 80 m high.• GPE = Mass x strength of gravity x height

= 1200kg x 10 N/kg x 80m= 960000 Joules (J)

GPE (gravitational potential energy) = Mass x strength of gravity x heightGPE (gravitational potential energy) = Weight x height

At the top of the hill the car has more gravitational potential energy

At the bottom of the hill the car has very little GPE

1. As a bungy jumper falls through the air his gravitational potential energy decreases. a) Sketch a graph to show how his gravitational potential energy changes into kinetic energy during his first fall.Start your graph like this:

b) Where does the energy come from to make him bounce back upwards?2. A weightlifter lifts a weight of 2250 N above his head.

It is lifted a height of 2m, how much work is done?3. Mr C has a mass of 73kg

(a) What is his weight?(b) If Mr C cycles up Efford lane, his height increases by 70m. How much energy does Mr C use cycling up Efford Lane?

4. Calculate the gravitational potential energy of a mass of 3509kg that has been lifted by a crane a distance of 20m.The Earth’s gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg

5. Repeat question 2, but this time the crane is on the moon, where the gravitational field strength is only 1.6 N/kg

Calculating Power…Calculating Power…

)()()(

sTimetakenJEnergyUsedWattsPower

Run or walk up stairs (from LSDH to maths floor) – Time taken = ……………s

My mass = ………. Kg

Energy used to run up stairs = mass (kg) x gravity (10 N/kg) x height (8.5m)

= ……… kg x 10 N/kg x 8.5m

= ……… J

Power = Energy used / Time taken

= …………. J / …………s

= …………… W (or Joules per second)