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BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
This piece of work forms part of Unit 1 – Fundamentals of Science
Periodic Table
outline the periodic table, the electronic structure of atoms and the bonding of atoms
Please Read the information, follow the links and watch the videos. Use this information to complete the
worksheets that follow. The subheadings for the notes / links / videos match the section of the worksheets.
Please only print off the worksheet pages to hand in.
Basic Structure of the Atom
Use this link to help with: Basic Structure of the Atom
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zwn8b82/revision/6
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
The First 20 Elements
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zg923k7/revision/5
Isotopes and Whole Numbers
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zwn8b82/revision/6
Electron Shells – tricky – have a go
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/properties/elstructs.html
http://sci-culture.com/advancedpoll/GCSE/atomic%20sub%20shells.html
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
The Periodic Table
Use these images and the video link to help label your periodic table
The elements are arranged in PERIODS (rows) and GROUPS (columns).
The elements in each GROUP (column) have similar properties.
https://www.showme.com/sh/?h=ao8kykS
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Trends
First Ionisation Energy
https://ptable.com/#Property/Ionization
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Atomic Radii
https://ptable.com/#Property/Radius/Calculated
Ionic Bonding
Use the link:
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/ztc6w6f/revision/2
Covalent Bonding
Use the link:
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/z373h39/revision/1
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Metallic Bonding
Use the link:
https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/ztgy6yc/revision/1
3D Bonding
This is how a tetrahedral molecule is drawn out. The solid filled triangle represents the bond coming out of the page,
the hashed lines represent a bond going into the page.
The worksheets to complete are on the next page.
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Name:____________________________________________________
Basic Structure of the Atom
Name the dense central region of the atom labelled A.
__________________
Name particles B and C.
B: __________________ C: __________________
Name particle D that’s orbits the central dense region of the atom.
__________________
What are the charges of the particles?
B: __________________ C: __________________ D: __________________
What are the relative masses of the particles?
B: __________________ C: __________________ D: __________________
Which element represented in the diagram?
__________________
Atomic Notation
The boxes in the periodic table look like this:
Write what the notation in the box tells us (not these specific
examples):
1: __________________
2: __________________
3: __________________
4: __________________
1 9 32 40 80
2 Be P Ca Br
3 Beryllium Phosphorus Calcium Bromine 4 4 15 20 35
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
The First 20 Elements
Number Name Symbol Protons Neutron Electrons Atomic Number Mass Number
1 Hydrogen H
2 Helium He
3 Lithium Li
4 Beryllium Be
5 Boron B
6 Carbon C
7 Nitrogen N
8 Oxygen O
9 Fluorine F
10 Neon Ne
11 Sodium Na
12 Magnesium Mg
13 Aluminium Al
14 Silicon Si
15 Phosphorus P
16 Sulphur S
17 Chlorine Cl
18 Argon Ar
19 Potassium K
20 Calcium Ca
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Isotopes and Whole Numbers
Isotopes are different versions of the same element.
They have the same number of ___________________but different number of ________________.
These are three isotopes of Uranium and three different isotopes of Carbon. Fill in the table for the different isotopes.
Isotope 𝑈92233
𝑈92235
𝑈92238
𝐶612
𝐶613
𝐶614
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
The periodic table rarely contains whole numbers; Chlorine has a top number of 35.5.
This does not mean that there are 18.5 neutrons.
It is this number because
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Electron Shells
The electrons that orbit a nucleus are arranged in shells and they are filled from the inside out.
The first shell can hold 2 electrons, the second can hold 8, the third can hold 8 and the forth can hold 18.
Number Name Symbol Electron Shell Structure Number Name Symbol Electron Shell Structure
1 Hydrogen H 11 Sodium Na 2,8,1
2 Helium He 12 Magnesium Mg
3 Lithium Li 13 Aluminium Al
4 Beryllium Be 14 Silicon Si
5 Boron B 15 Phosphorus P
6 Carbon C 16 Sulphur S
7 Nitrogen N 17 Chlorine Cl
8 Oxygen O 2,6 18 Argon Ar
9 Fluorine F 19 Potassium K
10 Neon Ne 20 Calcium Ca
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Complete these diagrams to show the structure of the electrons in their shells.
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
Electron Orbitals – tricky have a go – you may need to ask a teacher if this is correct in your first week
Complete this table for how the electrons are arranged into orbitals for the first 20 elements
Number Name Symbol Electron Orbital Structure
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
1 Hydrogen H 1
2 Helium He
3 Lithium Li 2 1
4 Beryllium Be
5 Boron B
6 Carbon C
7 Nitrogen N
8 Oxygen O
9 Fluorine F
10 Neon Ne 2 2 6
11 Sodium Na
12 Magnesium Mg
13 Aluminium Al
14 Silicon Si
15 Phosphorus P 2 2 6 2 3
16 Sulphur S
17 Chlorine Cl
18 Argon Ar
19 Potassium K
20 Calcium Ca 2 2 6 2 6 2
BTEC Subsidiary Diploma in Applied Science
The Periodic Table
The periodic table contains all the elements that we know of.
The vertical columns are called: _________________________
The horizontal rows are called: _________________________
On the periodic table below label on:
A. The Transition Metals
B. Non Metals
C. Alkaline Metals
D. Halogens
E. Nobel Gases
F. The s Orbital
G. The p Orbital
H. The d Orbital
I. The Lanthanoids
J. The Actinoids
Complete this table – choose 6 from the periodic table above
Element Atomic number Period Group Metal, transition metal or non-metal? Block (s, p or d)
e.g. Iron 26 4 8 Transition d
Trends
Predict two other elements that are most likely to show chemical reactions similar to:
A) Chlorine (Cl) _____________________________________________________________________
B) Magnesium (Mg) _____________________________________________________________________
C) Sodium (Na) _____________________________________________________________________
D) Krypton (Kr) _____________________________________________________________________
E) Iron (Fe) _____________________________________________________________________
What does this tell you about the structure of the periodic table?
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First Ionisation Energy
Find the first ionisation energies of the following elements
Magnesium (Mg) __________________
Silicon (Si) __________________
Chlorine (Cl) __________________
Lithium (Li) __________________
Sodium (Na) __________________
Potassium (K) __________________
As you cross a period the first ionisation energy of the elements __________________
As you descend a group the first ionisation energy of the elements __________________
Atomic Radii
Find the atomic radii of the following elements
Magnesium (Mg) __________________
Silicon (Si) __________________
Chlorine (Cl) __________________
Lithium (Li) __________________
Sodium (Na) __________________
Potassium (K) __________________
As you cross a period the atomic radii of the elements __________________
As you descend a group the atomic radii of the elements __________________
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonds are made when electrons are __________________
It happens between metal and __________________ atoms.
Metals form __________________ ions by __________________ electrons.
__________________ form negative ions by __________________electrons.
Oppositely charged ions are __________________ to each other electrostatically.
Ionic Bonding Diagrams
Complete these dot a cross diagrams to show how they are ionically bonded.
Draw the dot and cross diagrams to show the ionic bonding of:
A. MgCl2 B. Na2O C. Al2O3
Covalent Bonding
Ionic bonds are made when electrons are __________________
It happens between __________________ and __________________ atoms.
All atoms in the bond become more stable because (like noble gases) because __________________
If the outside electron shell __________________, the atoms will not bond.
.
Covalent Bonding Diagrams
Complete these dot a cross diagrams to show how they are covalently bonded. Only draw the electrons in the outside shell when
bonded together.
Draw the dot and cross diagrams to show the covalent bonding of:
A. H2
B. CO2
C. O2
Which Type of Bonding?
Complete the table below
Compound Type How do you know?
CCl4 covalent C and Cl are both non metals
SO2
CaS
K2O
HCl
KF ionic K is a metal and F is a non-metal
CH4
BeS
CaF2
NaOH
Metallic Bonding
Find or draw a labelled diagram of the structure of a metal solid
DIAGRAM
Describe what the structure is like.
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Explain why metals are good conductors of electricity compared to other solids like wood or plastic.
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3D Bonding
Methane has the structural formula CH4.
Complete the dot and cross diagram to show how methane is bonded together.
Explain in words what is happening
__________________
What is the name given to the arrangement of the hydrogen atoms around the central carbon atom in CH4?
__________________
Draw a three-dimensional representation of a molecule of CH4. Label the angle between the C-H bonds on your
diagram.
DIAGRAM