bridge systems by dr medhat kamal - infra consultants

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BRIDGE SYSTEMS By Dr. Medhat Kamal

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Page 1: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

BRIDGE SYSTEMS

By

Dr. Medhat Kamal

Page 2: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants
Page 3: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Typical bridges are composed of:• bridge deck,• bearings,• piers • abutments. 

Page 4: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Types of Bridge deck

• Solid slabs

• Voided slabs

• Slab and beam system

• Box‐girder

• Precast I‐beams

• Precast T‐beams

• Precast box sections

• Precast V‐sections

Page 5: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

BearingsAre  support  elements  that  transfer  the  deck  reactions  to  the  sub‐ structure: Elastomeric for low range bearing reactions (≤12000 KN) Pot bearings for high reactions (>12000 KN).

PiersAre vertical elements (columns) that form the intermediate supports of the bridge deck.Their cross section may be rectangular, oblong, and or circular type.

Page 6: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRIDGE DECK

1-SLAB TYPE DECK

Solid slabs span 5m→ 10 m,

Voided slabs spans 10 →15

More spans for prestressed slabs

Page 7: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

• Span/depth ratio =(simply supported), 15(continuous)            20→24

• Appearance = simple

• Construction time = shortest among cast in‐situ construction

• Maintenance = very li le → regular inspection of deck and bearings.

• Future extension = difficult

Page 8: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Prestressed Concrete Slab Bridges

• Prestressed slab decks are similar to reinforced concrete ones, except that it can cover larger spans

• Voided slab concept can also be utilized

• Span/depth = 15 (simply supported), 

20→24 (continuous)

Page 9: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

2- SLAB - GIRDER BRIDGE DECK

Page 10: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

• L   from 10.0m→ 30.0m• Precast beams may be used 

instead of cast in‐situ ones as this facilitates erections and minimize construction time.

• Spacing between girders= 2m ‐3.5m

• Tg= L/14 Simple• = L/17  Contin• bg = 30,40,50.. Cm• Ts =25cm  min• T asphalt =7‐10cm• Construction time = 

complicated form work• Requires good finish.• Traffic obstruction = 

formwork blocks traffic. Improves by using precast beams.

• Maintenance = very li le → regular inspection of deck and bearings.

Page 11: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Precast Prestressed Concrete “ I ” , “ T ” and “ Box ” Beams

SPANS = 30m (simply supported), 50m (continuous).

Page 12: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

3-BOX GIRDER BRIDGE DECK

Page 13: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Box girder bridges have high torsional strength and good appearance

• Typical spans = 25m (constant depth) ‐60m (variable depth).

• Span/depth = 17.0 (simply supported), 18.0 (continuous)

• Appearance = neat, webs may be vertical or inclined, utilities can be

• Construction time = complicated form work, casting in 3 stages, must leave openings for formwork.

• Traffic obstruction = formwork blocks traffic. 

• Cantilever carriage and othertechniques may improve this aspect.

• Maintenance = minimum→ regular inspection of deck and bearings.

Page 14: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Prestressed Box girder bridge deck

Prestressed box girder bridges are used for spans  30 m → 100m in case          of constant section depth) Up to spans = 300m if variable depth is used

Page 15: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Variable Depth Post Tensioned PrestressedBox Girder Bridge.

Page 16: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

LOAD PATH

LOADS       SLABS       GIRDERS        BEARINGS          PIERS         FOUNDATIONS and PILES

Page 17: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Forces Acting on Bridges

• Vertical Loads• Longitudinal horizontal loads• Transversal horizontal loads• Restraining movements due to temperaturevariation, shrinkage and creep

Page 18: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Vertical Loads

• Self weight

• Superimposed DL

• Live load (pedestrian, traffic, railway, …)

• Prestressing force

• Prestressing reactions

• Support settlement

• Replacement of bearings

• Temperature variation

Page 19: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants
Page 20: Bridge Systems By Dr Medhat Kamal - Infra Consultants

Horizontal Loads•  Braking force (L)

•  Centrifugal force (L & T)

•  Temperature variation (L & T)

•  Frictional force (L mainly)

•  Earth and water pressures ( to surface)

•  Wind (L & T, mainly T)

•  Earthquake forces (L & T)