booklet- gahunda zo gucyura impunzi z'abanyarwanda no

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

MINISITERI Y’IMICUNGIRE Y’IBIZA N’IMPUNZIP.O.BOX 4386 KIGALIwww.midimar.gov.rw

GAHUNDA ZO GUCYURA IMPUNZI Z’ABANYARWANDA NO GUSUBIZA ABATAHUKA MU BUZIMA BUSANZWE

& AMAKURU AGARAGAZA AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE RWIYUBAKA

MUU ITERMBERE N’IMIBEREHO Y’ABATURAGE

©MIDIMAR 2014

MINISITERI Y’IMICUNGIRE Y’IBIZA N’IMPUNZI2 3MINISITERI Y’IMICUNGIRE Y’IBIZA N’IMPUNZI

0. IRIBURIRO

Ibibazo by’ubuhunzi mu Rwanda byatangiye mu mwaka w’1959. Mu 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyari mu icuraburindi nta kizere cyo kongera kubaho Abanyarwanda bari bafite. Icyo gihe Abanyarwanda barenga Miliyoni eshatu bahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yagiyeho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yihutiye kugarura amahoro n’umutekano, kwimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge no kongera kubanisha Abanyarwanda, guca amacakubiri n’ivangura ry’uburyo bwose mu Banyarwanda, gukuraho ibyateye ubuhunzi no gucyura impunzi z’Abanyarwanda.

Mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ine Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda igiyeho, igihugu cyari kimaze kugira ituze n’umutekano, ku buryo Abanyarwanda bari barahungiye mu bihugu bitandukanye batahutse barenga miliyoni eshatu (3 000 000).

Kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 2012, hari hamaze gutahuka Abanyarwanda bagera kuri Miliyoni eshatu nk’uko bigaragara muri iyi Mbonerahamwe.

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Nubwo Abanyarwanda batahutse ari benshi, hari abandi bakomeje guhera mu buhunzi.

Muri urwo rwego, Leta y’ u Rwanda yakomeje gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo impamvu zose zateye ubuhunzi zirangire, n’umubare muto w’abakiri mu buhungiro babashe gutaha mu gihugu cyabo ntacyo bikanga.

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda kandi yashyizeho Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza n’Impunzi mu mwaka 2010, kugira ngo uburyo bwo gucyura impunzi no gusubiza abatahuka mu buzima busanzwe burusheho kunozwa.


Ishakiro0. IRIBURIRO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1. IGICE CYA MBERE: GAHUNDA ZO GUCYURA IMPUN-ZI, KWAKIRA ABATAHUKA NO KUBASUBIZA MU BUZI-MA BUSANZWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1. ICYEMEZO CY’IKURWAHO RY’UBUHUNZI RU-SANGE KU MPUNZI Z’ABANYAWANDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

1.2. GUCYURA IMPUNZI NO GUSUBIZA ABATAHUKA MU BUZIMA BUSANZWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

1.2.1. Kwishyurira Abatahuka ikiguzi cy’urugendo n’impapuro z’inzira (ETDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2.2. Kwakira Abatahuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2.3. Gusubiza abatahutse mu buzima busanzwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.3. ABATAHUTSE BATANGA UBUHAMYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.4. GUTANGA IBYANGOMBWA KU BIFUZA KUREKA UBUHUNZI ARIKO BAGAKOMEZA GUTURA MU BIHUGU BIBACUMBIKIYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

2. INTAMBWE IMAZE GUTERWA N’ U RWANDA MU MIYOBORERE MYIZA, UBUTABERA, UBUKUNGU N’IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’ABATURAGE. . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.1. IMIYOBORERE MYIZA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212.1.1. Kwegereza ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi abaturage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.1.2. Uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.1.3. Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge by’Abanyarwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.4. Umutekano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.1.5. Demokarasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.2. UBUTABERA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252.2.1. Inkiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.2.1.1. Inkiko zisanzwe: zikurikirana ku buryo bukurikira: . . . . . . . . 252.2.1.2. Inkiko zihariye: Ni izi zikurikira: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.2.2. Ubushinjacyaha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.2.3. Abunzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.2.4. Andi mavugurura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272.2.5 Inkiko Gacaca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.3. UBUKUNGU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292.3.1. Ibikorwaremezo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.3.2. Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.3.3. Kwegereza abaturage ibigo by’imari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.3.4. Ibijyanye n’ubutaka mu Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.3.5. Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’isakazamakuru . . 32

2.4. IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’ABATURAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322.4.1. Uburezi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.4.2. Ubuzima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.4.3. Gufasha abatishoboye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3. UMWANZURO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37


1. IGICE CYA MBERE: GAHUNDA ZO GUCYURA IMPUNZI, KWAKIRA ABATAHUKA NO KUBASUBIZA MU BUZIMA BUSAN-ZWE

1.1. ICYEMEZO CY’IKURWAHO RY’UBUHUNZI RUSANGE KU MPUNZI Z’ABANYAWANDA

Tariki 30 Kamena 2013, icyemezo cy’ikurwaho ry’ubuhunzi rusange ku mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda cyatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa nk’uko byari byarasabwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi.

Icyo cyemezo kireba Abanyarwanda bahunze hagati y’ 1959 n’itariki ya 31 Ukuboza 1998.

Iki cyemezo cyatangajwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) nyuma yo kubona ko mu Rwanda habaye impinduka zifatika, hari umutekano n’amahoro birambye ndetse impamvu zose zatumye Abanyarwanda bahunga mu kivunge zarangiye.

Ku bw’ibyo u Rwanda n’ibihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’Abanyarwanda byasabwe gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganijwe mu ngamba n’ibisubizo birambye byo kurangiza ikibazo cy’Ubuhunzi ku Banyarwanda. Muri ibyo harimo gukomeza gushishikariza impunzi z’Abanyarwanda gutahuka ku bushake, cyangwa kubona indi sitati itari iy’ubuhunzi mu bihugu bibacumbikiye bitewe n’amategeko agenga ibyo bihugu.

Ni yo mpamvu Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda zihamye zo gucyura impunzi no gusubiza abatahuka mu buzima busanzwe, ndetse n’abashobora kureka ubuhunzi ariko bagakomeza kuba mu bihugu bibacumbikiye nk’abandi Banyarwanda

1.2. GUCYURA IMPUNZI NO GUSUBIZA ABATAHUKA MU BUZIMA BUSANZWE

Umuhuzabikorwa w’amashami y’umuryango w’abibumbye mu Rwanda, Lamin Momodou MANNEH, Neimah Warsame, uhaga-rariye HCR mu Rwanda na General GATSINZI Marcel ( wahoze ari Minisitiri wa MIDIMAR) batangiza umushinga wo gusubiza abatahutse mu buzima busanzwe ( Ugushyingo 2012)

1.2.1. Kwishyurira Abatahuka ikiguzi cy’urugendo n’impapuro z’inzira (ETDs)

Abanyarwanda batahuka baturutse Uganda bakirwa ku mupaka wa gatuna. Abanyarwanda batahutse bava Malawi bakiriwe ku

Kibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe Kigali - Nyakanga 2013

• Ubusanzwe ikiguzi cy’urugendo ku batahuka kishyurwa n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi (HCR). Ariko mu rwego rwo gufasha abifuza gutahuka ku buryo bwihuse bakabona inzira za HCR ziri gutinda, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije muri Minisiteri ishinzwe gucyura impunzi yishyurira abatishoboye ikiguzi cy’urugendo ikanafasha abifuza gutaha kubona urupapuro rw’inzira rutangwa mu buryo bwihuse rwitwa :“ Emergency Travel Document” (ETD). Uru rupapuro rutangwa ku bufatanye na Ambasade z’ u Rwanda mu bihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’Abanyarwanda cyangwa muri komite z’amahuriro y’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye (Diaspora). Izi mpapuro zitangwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi ku buntu.

• Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagiranye amasezerano n’ibigo bitwara abagenzi mu rwego rwo gufasha impunzi z’Abanyarwanda gutaha ku bushake. Muri ibyo bigo harimo TAQWA ifasha cyane cyane abatahuka baturuka mu bihugu nka Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya na Zimbabwe. ONATRACOM ifasha abatahuka bava Uganda. Abaturuka mu bihugu bya kure aho ingendo zo ku butaka


1.2.2. Kwakira Abatahuka

• Abatahuka bakirirwa mu nkambi z’agateganyo. Hari inkambi ya Nyagatare iri mu Karere ka Rusizi, yakira abatahuka bavuye muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo banyuze ku mupaka wa Bukavu, n’inkambi ya Nkamira mu karere ka Rubavu yakira abatahuka banyuze ku mupaka wa Goma. Abatahutse bamara iminsi itarenze ibiri mu nkambi z’agateganyo, bagahita boherezwa mu miryango yabo.

• Abatahutse bahita bandikwa bakanafotorwa mu rwego rwo kubafasha kubona Indangamuntu n’ibindi byangombwa biranga Abanyarwanda.

• Abatahuka bahabwa ibyo kurya bibafasha kubaho mu gihe nibura cy’amezi atatu mu gihe bagishakisha imirimo bakora kugira ngo babashe kwitunga.

• Abakirirwa ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe baje kubufatanye na UNHCR bahabwa amafaranga asimbura ibyo kurya bihabwa abakirirwa mu nkambi. Buri muntu mukuru ahabwa amadolari 100 (100USD) naho umwana agahabwa amadolari y’Amerika 50( 50

Abanyarwanda batahuka bava mu Burundi barahabwa ibyo kurya n’ibindi bikoresho -Mata 2013

USD).

• Abaturuka Uganda bakirirwa ku mupaka wa Gatuna, bagacumbikirwa mu Kigo cy’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Mbabare (Croix Rouge) mbere y’uko bajyanwa mu miryango yabo.

1.2.3. Gusubiza abatahutse mu buzima busanzwe

• Iyo Abatahutse bageze aho bakomoka, bafashwa n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze gusubizwa imitungo yabo. Iyo utahutse asanze imitungo ye yarigabijwe n’abantu ku buryo butemewe, abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze na Minisiteri ifite mu nshingano zayo Gucyura impunzi, bamufasha gusubirana imitungo. Igihe hari ibikorwa by’inyungu rusange byakorewe mu mitungo y’utahutse, Leta imushakira ingurane.

• Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza n’Impunzi, MIDIMAR, ifatanije

Abanyarwanda batahutse bahabwa amatungo magufi binyuze mu mushinga wa MIDIMAR ifatanije na IOM -2012.

zidashoboka batahuka hifashishijwe indege ku bufatanye na RwandAir. Izi ngendo zose, haba izo ku butaka no mu ndege ku batahuka, zishyurwa na Leta y’ u Rwanda binyujijwe muri Minisiteri ifte gucyura impunzi mu nshingano zayo.

Abatahutse 70 bize imyuga itandukanye muri 2012 bahawe impamyabumenyi n’ibikoresho byo gutangiza akazi

Abanyarwanda batahutse banyuze ku mupaka wa Bukavu, bakiriwe mu nkambi y’agateganyo ya Nyagatare i Rusizi


n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye, yashyizeho imishinga yihariye igamije gufasha abatahutse batishoboye gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe.

• Muri iyo mishinga abatahutse batishoboye bahabwa amatungo, abandi bakubakirwa amacumbi, naho abandi cyane cyane urubyiruko bakigishwa imyuga itandukanye.

• Uretse imishinga yihariye, abatahutse batishoboye bafashwa muri gahunda za Leta zisanzwe zo kugabanya ubukene.

• Kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, MIDIMAR ifatanije n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bimukira (IOM) batangije umushinga wo gusubiza abatahutse mu buzima busanzwe uterwa inkunga n’igihugu cy’Ubuyapani. Uyu mushinga umaze gukorera mu turere 25 tw’igihugu. Abatahutse n’abandi batishoboye bagera ku 8,301 bafashijwe n’uwo mushinga kuva 2010 kugeza 2012. Muri bo 1251, bubakiwe amacumbi, 4427 bahawe amatungo magufi n’amaremare 2623 bize imyuga itandukanye irimo ububaji, ubwubatsi, ubudozi, ubukanishi, gutunganya imisatsi n’indi. Abarangije kwiga imyuga bahabwa ibikoresho by’ibanze bibafasha gutangiza imirimo ijyanye n’imyuga bize kugira ngo biteze imbere.

• Muri uyu mwaka wa 2013-2014, Uyu mushinga uri gukorera mu turere 10 aritwo ( Nyamasheke, Rubavu, Karongi, Rutsiro, Nyabihu, Gisagara, Huye, Nyaruguru, Nyamagabe na Musanze). Mu cyiciro cya kane cy’uyu mushinga abatahutse n’abandi batishoboye 5114 nibo bazafashwa. Muri bo 1,647 bazahabwa amatungo, 2,045

1.3. ABATAHUTSE BATANGA UBUHAMYA

RWANGA Theophile : Afite imyaka 28, ubu atuye mu murenge wa Kiramuruzi mu karere ka Gatsibo mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba. Yatahutse muri 2012 aturutse mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

Rwanga avuga ko nyuma yo gutahuka, nta kizere yari afite cyo kubaho kuko yasanze abandi banyarwanda baramusize. Akiri muri icyo gihirahiro yibaza uko

azabaho, nibwo yatoranijwe mu batahutse batishoboye bagombaga kwigishwa imyuga binyuze mu (ibumoso)Uwamukama Domina, yatahutse aturutse

DRC 2009, yafashijwe kwiga ubudozi mu karere ka Huye (2013)

Hagabimana Emmanuel yatahause aturutse DRC muri 2011 yafashijwe kwiga ububaji mu karere ka Huye ( 2013)

Rwanga Theophile (i buryo) mu mwuga we w’ububaji i Kiramururzi - Mutarama 2013

bazafashwa kubakirwa amacumbi, naho 1,422 batangiye kwiga imyuga itandukanye.

• Mu rwego rwo kwitegura Abanyarwanda bashobora gutahuka ari benshi bitewe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’ikurwaho ry’ubuhunzi rusange, Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza no Gucyura impunzi ku bufatanye n’Ihuriro ry’Amashami y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye akorera mu Rwanda (One UN) batangije umushinga ufite agaciro ka Miliyoni 11 z’Amadolari ya Amerika. Uyu mushinga uteganirijwe gufasha Abanyarwanda bagera ku bihumbi 70 (70 000) bashobora gutahuka mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri nyuma y’itangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa ry’icyemezo cy’ikurwaho ry’ubuhunzi rusange. Binyuze muri uyu mushinga, abatahuka bazafashwa mu kubakirwa amacumbi, gufasha abanyeshuri kwiga, kwishyurirwa ubwisungane mu kwivuza, imirire myiza, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, ubutabera no kubigisha gahunda z’imiyoborere myiza no kwiteza imbere.

• Abatahutse basurwa n’abakozi babishinzwe baturutse muri Minisiteri ifite impunzi mu nshingano zayo, mu rwego rwo kureba uko imibereho yabo imeze, abagifite ibibazo bagafashwa bakanakorerwa ubuvugizi mu nzego zitandukanye.


mushinga wo kongerera ubushobozi abatahutse n’abandi Banyarwanda batishoboye, Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza n’Impunzi (MIDIMAR) ifatanije n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bimukira (IOM).

Kubera umuhate yari afite wo kumenya no kugira umurimo yakora ngo yiteze imbere, Rwanga yize gusudira abifatanije no kubaza no kubaka.

Nyuma y’amezi atandatu yiga iyo myuga, yatangiye gukoresha ubumenyi afite nka rwiyemezamirimo.

Rwanga ahamya ko nyuma y’umwaka umwe gusa atahutse ko amaze kubona icyerekezo cy’ubuzima. Mu kigo cy’imyuga cya Kiramuruzi aho akorera, ati “Ubu nshobora gukora ibikoresho bigezweho byaba ibikoze mu mbaho nk’intebe, amadirishya, ibitanda ndetse n’ibikoresho byo gusakara.”

Rwanga amaze kuba rwiyemezamirimo kuko asigaye atsindira amasoko yo kubaka inzu, kuzikinga no gukora ibindi bikoresho bikenewe.

Mu kwezi kwa Mutarama 2013 abakozi ba Minisiteri ifite gusubiza abatahuka mu buzima busanzwe mu nshingano zayo baramusuye aho akorera Kiramuruzi, abahamiriza ko nta kibazo afite agira ati “ ubu tuvugana natsindiye isoko ryo gukinga ibyumba by’amashuri y’Uburezi bw’Ibanze bw’Imyaka 12 (Twelve Years Basic Education). Ubwo rero murumva ko nindangiza gukora ako kazi nzaba mbonye amafaranga azamfasha gukomeza kwiteza imbere. Rwanga ngo akimara gutsindira iri soko nta mafaranga ahagije yari afite yo gutangira akazi yagombaga gukora. Ariko kubera ibigo by’imari iciriritse byitwa Umurenge-Sacco byegerejwe abaturage, Rwanga yatanze amasezerano y’akazi nk’ingwate muri SACCO, bamuha inguzanyo yamufashije gutangira akazi ke neza.

Icyerekezo cya Rwanga Theophile ngo ni ukuba rwiyemezamirimo ukomeye ubasha gupiganirwa n’amasoko yo gukora imirimo ihambaye.

Rwanga yicuza imyaka yose yamaze mu mashyamba ya Kongo. Avuga ko iyo aza gutahuka mbere ubu aba amaze kugera kuri byinshi, gusa ntacika intege kuko afite ubushake bwo gukora. Kubw’ibyo ahamagarira

Umuryango wa NIYOYIGIRA Veronique na MAYIRA Thadee

Batahutse baturutse muri Congo Brazzaville mu mwaka w’2002. Ubu batuye mu karere ka Rubavu mu ntara y’uburengerazuba mu mujyi wa Rubavu. Uyu muryango ni umwe mu miryango y’abatahutse bageze ku iterambere nyuma y’imyaka myishi bamaze mu buhungiro babayeho mu bukene bukabije no kubura ubwigenge.

Niyoyita n’Umuryango we, bavuye mu Rwanda mu bihe bikomeye bya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka w’1994. Babanje guhungira mu nkambi y’impunzi ya Nyakavogo i Bukavu, bahava mu mwaka w’1996 bajya Bandaka nyuma bakomeza bajya Brazzaville.

Mu gihe yari impunzi muri Congo Brazzaville, Niyoyita yakoraga umwuga wo gutunganya imisatsi, nyamara ngo ntiyashoboraga kugira undi murimo ubyara inyungu ku buryo burambye yari gukora. Yagize ati:” Twageragezaga gukora, nkanjye narasukaga ariko niyo wageraga ku

bagenzi be yasize mu mashyamba gutaha kuko mu Rwanda ari amahoro.

Iyo yibutse amakuru yamugeragaho akiri mu buhungiro , Rwanga agira ati ” Tukiri mu mashyamba batubwiraga ibihuha, ngo utahutse baramwica, bigatuma duhora tuzerera. Ariko nkigera mu Rwanda nabonye uburyo batwakiriye, ukabona buri muntu wese akwitayeho, haba abayobozi n’abaturage ku musozi aho natashye, mpita mbona ko ibyo bavugaga ari ibihuha. Abakiri mu buhungiro rwose bari guhomba byinshi, cyane cyane urubyiruko. Birababaje kubona hari abana bakiri mu mashyamba, batiga, mbega badafite icyerekezo. Icyaruta n’uko baza mu Rwanda tugafatanya, kandi ntibagire ubwoba bazabaho. Burya niyo warya duke ariko uziko uryamye iwanyu, biraruta, kandi na none umuntu uzi gukora ,hano mu Rwanda ntashobora kuhasonzera.”

NIYOYIGIRA Véronique ari kumwe n’umugabo we MAYIRA Thadée mu karere ka Rubavu - Kamena 2013


kintu kiza abakongomani barazaga bakakikwaka bavuga ngo ni ibyabo. Ibyo bikaduteza umutima mubi n’umutekano muke bigatuma twumva koko ko tutari mu gihugu cyacu.”

Mayira umugabo wa Niyoyigira, ngo ikintu ahora yibuka mu buzima yabayemo mu buhungiro, ni uburyo impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zafatwaga nabi n’abanyagihugu ba Congo Brazzaville ati:”nahingiraga umukongomani ariko baratunenaga cyane ku buryo iyo yaguhaga amazi ngo unywe yafataga igikombe akakimanika ngo nihaza undi munyarwanda azakinyweshe ngo hatazagira undi mu kongomani ukinyweraho. Ibyo byatwerekaga ko nta burenganzira na bucye twari dufite.”

Nubwo bari babayeho mu buzima bubi nk’ubwo, Niyoyigira n’umugabo we bahezwaga ishyanga bakabuzwa gutahuka n’amabwire yuzuye ibinyoma bisebya u Rwanda babwirwaga, ngo umuntu wese uje mu Rwanda aricwa.

Mu 2002, Niyoyigira yazanye n’izindi mpunzi z’abanyarwanda 80 baje mu ruzinduko rwo gusura u Rwanda rwiswe:”Ngwino urebe, maze ugende uvuge.’’ Yagize ati:” Twari dufite ubwoba kubera ko batubwiraga bati nimugera mu Rwanda bazabatwika. Nyamara namaze iminsi 10 mu Rwanda, mba mu muryango wanjye nta kibazo nigeze ngira.”

Niyoyigira ngo asubiye mu nkambi, yaganirije umugabo we, abana be n’izindi mpunzi ababwira ko mu Rwanda ari amahoro. Nyuma yaje gutahuka azanye n’izindi mpunzi 100.

Ubu, Niyoyigira akora mu kigo gishinzwe gucunga umutekano w’imodoka aho ziparika (KVCC) akaba kandi ari n’umunyamuryango w’inama

y’abagore mu mudugudu atuyemo.

Umugabo we, Mayira, ni umufundi ukomeye, yubakisha inyubako mu mujyi wa Rubavu. Abana babo babiri bamaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye biga Kaminuza, naho abandi batatu baracyiga amashuri yisumbuye, barihirwa n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta.

Mayira afite moto yo mu bwoko bwa AGS yifashisha mu mirimo ye yo kugenzura aho aba yubakisha amazu mu mujyi wa Gisenyi.

Mayira, umugabo wa Veronique ahamya ko afite icyizere cy’ejo hazaza ati “ Mu rwego rwo kugendana n’icyerekezo 2020 ndateganya kuzagura imodoka mbere y’uko umwaka wa 2020 unagera.”

Niyoyigira Veronique n’umugabo we Mayira Thadee babayeho mu

byishimo n’amahoro. Barakora cyane kugirango bateze imbere umuryango wabo. Kugirango yuzuze inshingano ze nk’umubyeyi, Niyoyigira yakoze akarima k’igikoni ahingamo imboga kugirango bagire indyo yuzuye.

Niyoyigira ashishikariza abakiri impunzi gutahuka kugirango nabo bakore biteze imbere kandi banagire uruhare mu iterambere ry’igihugu

Eugene Uwamusindi

Eugene Uwamusindi yatahutse mu mwaka w’2002 aturutse Kasai muri repubulika iharanira demokrasi ya Congo aho yahungiye mu mwaka w’1994.

UWAMUSINDI Eugene ubu ni umuhinzi mworozi w’icyamamare mu RwandaNIYOYIGIRA Veronique ari kuvomerera imboga mu karima ko mu rugo

MAYIRA Thadee ahagaritse moto ye ku nyubako ybakisha mu mujyi wa Gisenyi


Ubu atuye mu karere ka Musanze, mu murenge wa Cyuve, akagari ka Kabeza ho mu ntara y’amajyaruguru. Uwamusindi yavuze ko mu buhungiro nta kubaho kuzima kuba kuriho ati:”Twubakaga utuzu twa shitingi, mu gihe gito ikaba irashaje, akandi kanya tukaba turahunze tugiye ahandi. Muri iyo myaka yose uwageragezaga gukora nta kintu na kimwe yabikaga ngo abe yagitahana, yagitaga iyo twabaga akiruka kubera nta mutekano wahabaga.”

UWAMUSINDI akomeza avuga ko yari yarahejejwe mu buhungiro n’ibihuha yumvaga akiba mu nkambi ya Katare.

Ngo ababayoboraga bababwiraga ko ugeze mu Rwanda bamufunga, abana b’abahungu n’abagabo bakabica ngo ko mu Rwanda haba abagore gusa. Nyamara we avuga ko yatashye mu Rwanda akakiranwa ikaze, akabaho neza.

UWAMUSINDI ni umuhinzi mworozi w’ikitegererezo mu karere ka Musanze. Ibyo amaze kugeraho abihamya agira ati:” twageze mu Rwanda tugerageza gukoresha amaboko yacu. Twasanze hari umutekano, ugakora wumva ko ari ibyawe, ugacuruza uvuga uti amafaranga ni ayanjye nzayashyira ku mufuka. Nkanjye ndi umuhinzi mworozi, niba noroye inkoko ni iyanjye, noroye inka ubu amata ni ayanjye nyakoresha icyo nshaka, ntawe uvuga ngo aranyirukana. Mbese mu Rwanda hari umutekano usesuye.”

Uwamusindi yaguze ikibanza mu murenge wa Cyuve mu karere ka Musanze. Yubatsemo inzu yo kubamo, yubakamo inzu y’amagorofa abiri yo kwororeramo inkoko. yoroye inkoko zigeze ku 1500 zitera amajyi n’izigera ku 2000 z’inyama.

Uyu mugabo afite isoko rihoraho kuko kubera kuzigaburira neza kandi buri gihe, ngo atangira no kuzigurisha mu gihe cy’amezi abiri.

UWAMUSINDI kandi yorora inka n’ingurube. Ahinga urutoki, imboga n’ubwatsi agaburira inka ze. Yanaguze kandi ishyamba riri ahantu hangana na hegitari imwe muri Gishwati mu karere ka Nyabihu.

Agereranya ubuzima yari abayemo mu buhungiro ndetse n’ubuzima

Theoneste BAVUGAMENSHI

Yatahutse mu 2005 aturutse Minova muri Repubilika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ubu afite umushinga w’ubudozi umaze kumuteza imbere ku buryo bugaragara. I Kiramuruzi mu karera ka Gatsibo, BAVUGAMENSHI adoda imyenda y’amoko yose mu nzu yagutse akoreramo n’umufasha we ndetse anaha akazi abandi baturage aba amaze kwigisha umwuga wo kudoda umutunze.

Bavugamenshi agira ati:“Nari narize amashuri yisumbuye mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi. Ariko nkimara gutahuka ntibyanyoroheye kubona akazi. Nahise ngana abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze mbasaba kumfasha kugira ngo ndebe ko najye nagira imibereho nk’umunyarwanda utahutse. Abayobozi bantoranije nk’umwe mu

bafatanyabikorwa b’Umushinga ugamije guteza imbere imishinga iciriritse mu cyaro witwa PPPMR. Uwo mushinga niwo wanteye inkunga niga ubudozi, ndangije kwiga bampa n’ibikoresho by’ibanze byo gutangira akazi.

Theoneste BAVUGAMENSHI munzu ye y’ubudozi i Kiramuruzi

abayemo mu Rwanda, Uwamusindi yagize ati:”Ubuzima bwo mu nkambi ntago ubona aho winyagamburira, ntacyo uba uricyo, nta n’igikorwa wakora ngo uvuge uti iki ni icyange. N’aho ubu mu Rwanda nkora ibikorwa nshaka, ibi byose nabigezeho mvuga ngo ni ibyange, ndikorera nkorera abana banjye n’igihugu muri rusange. Ibyo byose tukabikesha umutekano.”

UWAMUSINDI ngo abasha kwinjiza amafaranga arenga ku bihumbi 500 (500 000) buri kwezi akomotse mu bikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.


Natangiye ndodera iwanjye mu rugo ariko nyuma mbona ko iyo mikorere itanteza imbere ntangira gutekereza uburyo nakongera ubushobozi. Hanyuma naje gusaba inguzanyo muri Banki yitwa URWEGO Opportunity, yamfashije kugura izindi mashini no gutangira gukorera ku mugaragaro .

Ubu Bavugamenshi niwe ufite inzu y’ubudozi ikomeye mu gace k’ubucuruzi ka Kiramuruzi. Akorana n’umugore we n’abandi bantu yahaye akazi ndetse n’abo yigisha kudoda. Muri iyi nzu Bavugamenshi akoreramo usangamo imashini z’ubudozi z’amoko atandukanye zituma abasha gukora imyambaro igezweho.

Umurimo w’ubudozi umaze guteza Bavugamenshi imbere nk’uko abyivurira ati:”Ubu nta kibazo cy’imibereho mfite. Mu mafaranga nkura muri ubu budozi, naguze imirima ndetse nubaka inzu hano i Kiramuruzi. Ubu ndi kubaka indi nzu mu mujyi wa Rwamagana kugira ngo nanjye nkomeze kwegera amajyambere no kwagura ibikorwa byanjye.”

Azarias Karangwa

Azarias Karangwa w’imyaka 53 arubatse afite abana batatu n’abuzukuru babiri. Yatahutse muri Nyakanga 2012 avuye mu gihugu cya Tchad; amaze imyaka 19 mu buhunzi Ubu atuye mu karere ka Gasabo mu mujyi wa Kigali. Avuga ko yageze mu gihugu cya Tchad aturutse muri Congo kubera intambara naho zari zihari.

Muri Tchad Karangwa Azarias yabashije kwishingira ivuriro riciriritse, kuko yari yarahunze asanzwe akora umwuga w’ubuganga. Karangwa avuga ko akiri muri Tchad amakuru yose yamugeragaho avuga ku Rwanda yari ayo kumuca intege. Ibyo

ngo byatumaga azinukwa igihugu cye akumva ahisemo kuba mu bundi buretwa bwo guhora yitwa impunzi.

Mu magambo yagize ati “nk’umuntu wari ufite ivuriro kandi nkaba hari amabwiriza nagenderagaho ya kiganga, abantu bose baje kwivuza narabakiraga ariko hakaba ubwo wakira umunyagihugu yakira akigendera atakwishyuye. Ubwo nyine sinari kumwishyuza ngo bigire icyo bitanga. Si aho gusa kuko nk’umuntu wakundaga gukora ingendo nahuye n’ibibazo byo guhora ngendera ku cyangombwa gitangwa na HCR, buri biro by’abinjira n’abasohoka ngezeho ugasanga banketse amababa”

Karangwa Azarias avuga ko yatunguwe n’impinduka yasanze mu Rwanda akimara gutahuka ati:“Nkigera ku kibuga cy’indege i Kanombe nahise mbona ko hahindutse byinshi cyane. Icya mbere cyantangaje ni umutekano. Mbere y’uko mbona indangamuntu, natembereye ahantu henshi mu gihugu nta n’icyangombwa mfite, nta muntu wigeze ampagarika. Nabonye umujyi wa Kigali warahindutse cyane ngira ngo ni aho amajyambere agarukira ariko ngeze iwacu mu Rutsiro naratangaye cyane. Nageze ku Gisenyi ahitwa Mahoko, ni ku nzira ijya iwacu, nibaza niba ariho, biranyobera. Nagiye mu nce za Nyamagabe(Gikongoro) ndeba uburyo hahindutse, ndeba n’inzira zose za Gitarama na Ruhango mbona habaye imijyi ikomeye. Ni byinshi, narebye uburyo amashuri yubatse hirya no hino mu gihugu mbona ko u Rwanda rwageze kure. Ikindi nabonye no mu byaro ni amabanki. Ubusanzwe muri Afurika y’epfo niho najyaga mbona amabanki mu byaro. Iwacu mu cyaro nahasanze amabanki, atari ay’umurimbo, ahubwo ni amabanki afasha abaturage, akaguriza umuturage akubaka inzu, umwana akiga ishuri. Ikindi cyantangaje ni ubuhinzi. Nanyuze I Kabgayi nsanga bahakoze i kiyaga, icyo kiyaga rwose sinakihasize, kandi icyo kiyaga mbona aho kiyobora amazi hahinze umuceri. Ubundi nta muceri mu Rwanda bahingaga, twe twakuze umuceri ari indyo y’abakire twe bawuduhaga ku kiyiko nyuma yo kurya ngo ni dessert. Ariko ubu ibishanga byose bihinze umuceri”

Azarias avuga ko kuba ari mu gihugu cye, nta wundi munezero wamurutira uwo. Ati:” N’iyo amahanga yaba meza ate nta gihugu cyaruta kavukire, kuri gakondo,iwanyu ni iwanyu haba hazamuka, haba KARANGWA Azarias yatangarije abanyamaku-

ru ko yasanze impinduka nziza mu Rwanda


2. INTAMBWE IMAZE GUTERWA N’ U RWANDA MU MIYO-BORERE MYIZA, UBUTABERA, UBUKUNGU N’IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’ABATURAGE.

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yubakiye ku nkingi enye : Imiyoborere myiza, Ubutabera, Ubukungu n’Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage. Mu myaka igera kuri 20 ishize, hatewe intamwe ishimishije muri izo nzego zose zavuzwe haruguru ku buryo bukurikira:

2.1. IMIYOBORERE MYIZA

2.1.1. Kwegereza ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi abaturageInzego z’ubuyobozi mu Rwanda zegerejwe abaturage. Intera ndende yari hagati y’abaturage n’inzego zifata ibyemezo ndetse n’izibafasha mu bibazo bya buri munsi, yaragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara. Ubu ntibigisaba umuturage gukora ingendo ndende agana ubuyobozi igihe afite ikibazo cyangwa ubundi bufasha yifuza. Inzego z’Ubuyobozi zasubiwemo ku buryo bukurikira :

1. Intara n’Umujyi wa Kigali2. Akarere3. Umurenge4. Akagali5. Umudugudu

Abaturage bo mu karere ka Nyamagabe bishimira kwakira perezida Paul KAGAME, Gashyantare 2013

ubufantanye bw’ Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zitandukanye mu bikorwa by’iterambere rusange bugaragaza intambwe yatewe mu miyoborere myiza

hamanuka cyangwa ku giharabuye! Ishyanga ntihabura uvuga ngo uri impunzi!”

Mu bintu byinshi yishimira, Azarias avuga ko hari ukuba yarabohotse ku kuba mu muco w’abandi, ubu akaba arerera abana be mu muco w’abasokuruza, kuba avugana ishema ko ari Umunyarwanda aho ari hose mu Rwanda, imiyoborere myiza, iterambere rimaze kugerwaho n’ibindi.

Aragira ati “njye nkunda igihugu cyanjye, kukibamo biranezeza, n’iyo nasonzeramo! Izuba, imisozi, imvura n’Abanyarwanda bose biranezeza! Umuco wacu, igihugu cyacu,... iwacu nta gisa naho!”

Karangwa Azarias mu mezi amaze mu gihugu, avuga ko abayeho neza n’umuryango we . kuri ubu akorana n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wa “Forever Living” yari asanzwemo akiri muri Tchad. Akaba anakora mu

1.4. GUTANGA IBYANGOMBWA KU BIFUZA KUREKA UBUHUN-ZI ARIKO BAGAKOMEZA GUTURA MU BIHUGU BIBACUMBI-KIYE

• Guverinoma y’u Rwanda izirikana ko hari Abanyarwanda bifuza kureka ubuhunzi ariko bagakomeza kuba mu bihugu bisanzwe bibacumbikiye bitewe n’umubano wihariye n’imirimo bafite muri ibyo bihugu. Muri urwo rwego, U Rwanda ruzakomeza gukorana n’ibihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’Abanyarwanda bafashwe kubona ibyangombwa mu gihe bahisemo kuguma muri ibyo bihugu bibacumbikiye.

• Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iri gukorana n’ibihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’Abanyarwanda kugira ngo abifuza guhabwa ibyangombwa by’u Rwanda babihabwe. Impapuro abifuza gusaba pasiporo z’u Rwanda buzuza zamaze koherezwa mu bihugu bicumbikiye impunzi. Abifuza izo mpapuro bazisanga muri za Ambasade z’ u Rwanda mu bihugu bitandukanye. Mu bihugu bidafite ambasade z’u Rwanda,impunzi z’Abanyarwanda bifuza kubona impapuro basabiraho pasiporo z’u Rwanda, bakwifashisha amahuriro y’Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga ( Diaspora) cyangwa mu nama z’ibihugu zishinzwe


2.1.2. Uburinganire hagati y’abagabo n’abagore

• Abagore ubu bagira uruhare rugaragara mu nzego zose za Guverinoma zifata ibyemezo. Ubu mu nzego zose zifata ibyemzo hagomba kugaragaramo imyanya nibura 30% y’abagore. Gusa 30% ni umubare uteganijwe mu itegeko nshinga ariko ushobora kurenga bitewe n’uko abagore bafite uburenganzira bwo kwiyamamariza n’indi myanya isigaye.

• Abagore kandi bagaragara no mu nzego z’umutekano nk’igisirikare, Igipolisi ndetse bagaragara no mu bikorwa u Rwanda rujyamo byo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Ubu ibyemezo byinshi bireba ubuzima bw’umuturage ndetse n’ibyifuzo bye birangirira ku nzego zimwegereye arizo: Umudugudu, Akagali n’Umurenge.

2.1.3. Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge by’Abanyarwanda

Imwe mu ngaruka ikomeye yasizwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, ni ukutizerana hagati y’Abanyarwanda. Gusa nanone Abanyarwanda bagomba kongera kubaka imibanire n’ubusabane byabo.

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yashyizeho uburyo buhamye bwo kwimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda. Zimwe mu ngamba zashyizweho ni izi zikurikira:

• Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge ifite inshingano zo gushyiraho gahunda zose zigamije kunga Abanyarwanda.

• Inyigisho z’Uburere Mboneragihugu ku nzego zose z’Abaturage

• Buri mwaka, Inama yo ku rwego rw’igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge ihuza Abanyarwanda baba mu gihugu ndetse n’ababa hanze y’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo kuganira ku ntambwe imaze guterwa mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge ndetse n’uburyo ubumwe n’ubwiunge byakomeza kwimakazwa.

• Abakorerabushake ba Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge bakorera mu gihugu hose mu mu rwego rwo kwimakaza politike y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge.

• Hashyizweho amatsinda y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu mashuri yisumbuye, mu mashuri makuru ndetse na Kaminuza zo mu Rwanda.

• Indangamuntu n’izindi nyandiko zitangwa n’ubuyobozi ntizicyandikwamo ubwoko bw’umuntu.

Abagore bafashwa kwihangira imirimo kugira ngo biteze imbere

Umuhango wo kurahira kw’abagize inteko nshingamategeko n’abandi bagize guverinoma – Kigali, 4 Ukwakira 2013

2.1.4. Umutekano

• Mu Rwanda hari umutekano usesuye. Ubu Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga bakorera mu Rwanda baratembera ndetse bagakora ntacyo bikanga amanywa n’ijoro.


2.1.5. Demokarasi

Uruhare rw’Abanyarwanda mu matora akozwe mu bwisanzure no mu mucyo

• Ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo bwatejwe imbere bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibitangazamakuru byigenga, bitanga urubuga ku baturage rwo kujya impaka no gutanga ibitekerezo ku bikorerwa mu gihugu. Ku mpera z’umwaka wa 2011, mu Rwanda habarurwaga ibinyamakuru byandika 36 n’Amaradiyo 27. Imbugankoranyambaga za Internet zandika amakuru zikanatanga umwanya w’ibitekerezo nazo zikomeje kuvuka ndetse n’Amateleviziyo yigenga.

• Inama y’Umushyikirano Iteganijwe mu Itegeko Nshinga ry’ U Rwanda iba buri mwaka ni urubuga rwo kungurana ibitekerezo ku iterambere ry’igihugu. Iyi nama yitabirwa n’Abanyarwanda bari mu gihugu, abari mu mahanga ndetse n’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zifite uburenganzira bwo kuyitabira. Muri iyi nama habamo kunenga ibitagenda ndetse no gufatira hamwe ingamba zo guteza imbere igihugu.

2.2. UBUTABERA

Ivugurura mu nzego z’ubutabera ryo muri 2004 ryahsyizeho inkiko, ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’Abunzi.

2.2.1. Inkiko2.2.1.1. Inkiko zisanzwe: zikurikirana ku buryo bukurikira:

• Urukiko rw’ikirenga

• Urukiko rukuru

• Inkiko zisumbuye

• Inkiko z’ibanze

Izi nkiko zegerejwe abaturage mu turere twose tw’igihugu

• Amatora anyuze mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure akorwa ku nzego zose z’ubuyobozi.

• Urubuga rwa politike ku mashyaka menshi ndetse n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta rurafunguye

• Ibipimo by’umutekano byagiye bigaragazwa n’ibyegeranyo mpuzamahanga bigaragaza ko u Rwanda ari kimwe mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi bifite umutekano, ndetse abahatuye bakaba batuje. Icyegeranyo cya “Gallup research paper” (2012) cyagaragaje ko u Rwanda ari cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi aho abagituye bumva batuje.

• Icyegeranyo ku bipimo by’imiyoborere mu Rwanda cyakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Imiyoborere, mu mwaka wa 2012 kigaragaza ko urwego rw’umutekano ari rwo ruza ku isonga n’amanota 91.36%.

ubutabera bwegerejwe abaturage, hashyizweho komite z’abunzi mu rwego rwo kugabanya imanza zijya mu nkiko zisanzwe.


2.2.2. Ubushinjacyaha

Ivugurura ry’inzego z’ubutabera ryo muri 2004 ryashyizeho kandi Urwego rw’ Ubushinjacyaha bukuru rugizwe n’inzego zikurikira:

• Ibiro by’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru

• Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rwisumbuye

• Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’ibanze

2.2.3. AbunziHashyizweho Komite y’abunzi ishinzwe kunga abafitanye ibibazo mbere yo gushyikiriza urukiko ruburanisha mu rwego rwa mbere ibirego mu manza zimwe zigenwa n’itegeko. Komite y’Abunzi igizwe n’ abantu b’inyangamugayo batorwa n’abaturage bitewe n’ubushishozi n’ubunyangamugayo babaziho byo gukemura amakimbirane. Abunzi bakorera ku rwego rw’akagari ariko hakaba n’urwego rw’ubujurire ku murenge.

Abunzi bagira uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura amakimbirane hagati y’abaturage.

2.2.1.2. Inkiko zihariye: Ni izi zikurikira:

• Inkiko za Gisirikare

• Inkiko z’Ubucuruzi

2.2.5 Inkiko GacacaNyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutisi muri Mata 1994, igatwara ubuzima bw ‘inzirakarengane basaga 1.000.000, Abantu barenga 120 000 bakekwagaho ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu barafashwe bafungirwa mu magereza atandukanye bategereza gucirwa imanza.

Tariki 30 Kanama 1996, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Itegeko Ngengale n ° 08 / 96 rigena uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu.

Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu, isuzuma ryagaragaje ko imanza 6.000 arizo zonyine zari zimaze

gucibwa. Ku bw’ibyo byari gutwara imyaka isaga 100 kugira ngo imanaza zose z’abari bafungiye mu magereza. Uretse abari bafunze, hari n’abandi bari barakoze ibyaha bari bakidegembya mu gihugu

2.2.4. Andi mavugurura• Igihano cy’urupfu cyakuweho mu mategeko ahana y’u Rwanda.

• Amategeko y’u Rwanda aha abana b’abahungu n’abakobwa uburenganzira bungana bwo kuzungura imitungo y’umuryango.

• Hashyizweho u Rwego rw’Umuvunyi rushinzwe kurwanya ruswa n’akarengane haba mu nzego za Leta ndetse n’iz’Abikorera.

Muri Gacaca imanza zacibwaga ku karubanda mu rwego rwo gukorera mu mucyo no kutabogama


2.3. UBUKUNGU

U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ifatika mu

iterambere ry’ubukungu.Ibikorwaremezo, ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere, korohereza abaturage gukorana n’ibigo by’imari, Ikoranabuhanga mu isakazabumenyi mu by’itangazamakuru, byose byatejwe imbere ku buryo bugaragara. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Icyerekezo 2020, gikubiyemo gahunda zose z’iterambere ry’igihugu ndetse n’Ingamba z’Iterambere ry’Ubukungu no Kugabanya ubukene (EDPRS)

Umujyi wa Kigali-mu ijoro

Umujyi wa Muhanga/Gitarama

2.3.1. Ibikorwaremezo• Umujyi wa Kigali n’indi mijyi birakura ku buryo bwihuse

• Imihanda mu gihugu hose yarubatswe mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ingendo no gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu gihugu.

• Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe cyaravuguruwe, kirongerwa ndetse hateganyijwe kubaka ikindi kibuga cy’indege cyo ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu Karere ka Bugesera.

• Hari gahunda yo gukwirakwiza umuriro w’amashanyarazi ku buryo muri 2017, Abanyarwanda 70% bazaba bafite umuriro w’amashanyarazi.

ndetse n’abahunze basize bakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.

Mu mwaka wa 2001 , Hashyizweho inkiko Gacaca zifite intego nyamukuru zo : Kugaragaza ukuri ku byabaye muri Jenoside yakorerwe Abatusti, kwihutisha imanza za Jenoside, guca umuco wo kudahana, kugira uruhare mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge by’Abanyarwanda, no kugaragaza ubushobozi bw’Abanyarwanda mu kwikemurira ibibazo

Inkiko Gacaca zasoje imirimo yazo ku wa 18 Kamena 2012, zimaze gucira imanza abantu bagera kuri 1.951.388. Imanza zirebana na Jenoside zasigaye zitaburanishijwe n’inkiko Gacaca zizacibwa n’inkiko zibifitiye ububasha nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko.

Abakatiwe n’inkiko Gacaca badahari nabo bafite uburenganzira bwo gusubirishamo imanza zabo.

Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Ngenga N°04/2012/OL ryo kuwa 15/06/2012 rikuraho Inkiko Gacaca, rikanagena uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byari mu bubasha bwazo ivuga ko : “Iyo umuntu yarezwe, akaburanishwa n‟Urukiko Gacaca, agahamwa n‟icyaha ari mu mahanga, agarutse kandi bikaba bigaragara ko atari yaratorotse ubutabera ashobora gusubirishamo urubanza rwaciwe adahari mu rukiko rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha icyo cyaha nk‟uko biteganywa n‟iri tegeko ngenga.”

Umuntu usubirishamo urubanza abikora mu gihe kitarenze amezi abiri (2) kuva ageze mu Gihugu kandi

akurikiranwa adafunze kuri icyo cyaha kugeza hafashwe icyemezo kimuhamya icyaha cyangwa kimugira umwere.

Muri iyi ngingo, “gutoroka ubutabera” bisobanura kuba umuntu yaravuye mu gihugu yaratangiye gukurikiranwa n‟ubutabera haba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha cyangwa mu Nkiko Gacaca.


Umuhanda ugana Nyarugenge mu mutima w’umujyi wa Kigali

Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga i Kigali

• Muri 2013, 45% by’Abanyarwanda bakoresha amazi meza, ariko biteganijwe ko muri 2017 abaturage bose bazaba bakoresha amazi meza.

2.3.2. Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi

Gahunda ya “Girinka” yazamuye imibereho y’AbanyarwandaUbuhinzi bwa kijyambere

• Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yashyize ingufu mu guteza imbere ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Gahunda yo kwegeranya ubutaka ndetse no guhinga igihingwa cyatoranijwe kiberanye n’ubutaka, hakoreshwa imbuto za kijyambere byatumye umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi wiyongera. Kuri ubu kandi Abanyarwanda borora amatungo ya kijyambere ndetse ku buryo bwa kijyambere, bakagira n’abavuzi b’amatungo bayitaho buri munsi. Inganda zitunganya umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi nazo zubatswe mu turere dufite umusaruro mwinshi.

2.3.3. Kwegereza abaturage ibigo by’imari

• Ibigo by’imari byegerejwe abaturage mu rwego rwo kuborohereza gukorana nabyo no kubona amafaranga ndetse no kuzigama.

• Banki z’ubucuruzi zegereye abaturage

• Hashyizweho Banki z’Abaturage zitwa Umurenge SACCO zifasha abaturage kuzigama no kubona inguzanyo zo gukora imishinga iciriritse.

• Hashyizweho kandi Umwalimu SACCO mu rwego rwo korohereza abarimu kubona inguzanyo zibafasha kwiteza imbere.

• Abaturage bakangurirwa gukorera mu makoperative kugira ngo babashe kubona inguzanyo za banki ku buryo bworoshye.

Umurenge SACCO ni banki zegereye abaturage zibafasha kuz-igama no kubona inguzanyo ku buryo bworoshye

• Ubu amategeko aha buri Munyarwanda uburenganzira ku butaka bwe..

• Buri muturage abaruza ubutaka bwe agahabwa ibyangombwa. Icyangombwa cy’ubutaka gishobora gutangwaho ingwate y’inguzanyo muri Banki.

• Iyo bigaragaye ko hari uwiyandikishijeho ubutaka butari ubwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, ubutaka busubizwa nyirabwo.

2.3.4. Ibijyanye n’ubutaka mu Rwanda


2.3.5. Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n’isakazamakuru

• Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu nzego zose z’ubuzima bw’Igihugu.

• Gahunda ya Guverinoma ni ugukwirakwiza ibikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga, ku buryo muri 2017, Abanyarwanda 40% bazaba babasha kubona hafi ibyo bikorwa.

• Hashyizweho Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’Ikoranabuhanga mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’ubukungu no kugabanya ubukene, hibandwa ku guhuza politike na gahunda zo guteza imbere urubyiruko ndetse na gahunda zo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga.

imiyoboro migari y’itumanaho (fibre Optique) yasa-kajwe mu gihugu hose

Urubyiruko rukoresha ikoranabuhanga -Kigali

2.4. IMIBEREHO MYIZA Y’ABATURAGE

Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage nk’inkingi ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda nayo yitaweho ku buryo bugaragara. Zimwe mu nzego zatejwe imbere mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage ni izi zikurikira:

2.4.1. Uburezi

• Hashyizweho gahunda y’Uburezi bw’Ibanze bw’imyaka 12 aho abana bose bafite uburenganzira bwo kwiga bakarangiza amashuri yisumbuye ku buntu.

• Hashyizweho gahunda yo guha mudasobwa abana biga mu mashuri abanza. Iyi gahunda yiswe mu rurimi rw’icyongereza“One Laptop per Child Program”. Ibigo by’amashuri abanza byinshi byaba ibiri mu cyaro ndetse n’ibiri mu mijyi bimaze guhabwa izi mudasobwa zifasha abana gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2012, nyuma y’imyaka ine gusa iyo gahunda itangijwe, Mudasobwa zigera ku 120,000 zari zimaze gutangwa mu gihugu hose. Biteganijwe ko muri 2017 hazaba hamaze gutangwa mudasobwa nibura miliyoni imwe (1) mu mashuri abanza mu gihugu hose.

• Kaminuza n’amashuri makuru byigenga byariyongereye. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, hari hamaze gushingwa kaminuza n’amashuri makuru bigera kuri 30.

• Uburezi bw’umwana w’umukobwa bwitaweho by’umwihariko kuva mu mashuri abanza kugeza muri Kaminuza. Umubare w’abana b’abakobwa bajya mu mashuri yisumbuye wavuye kuri 47,2% muri 2005, ugera kuri 50,7% muri 2010. Naho umubare w’abakobwa biga muri Kaminuza wavuye kuri 39,3% muri 2005 ugera kuri 43,8% muri 2010.

Abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza bakoresha mudasobwa zigendanwa. Ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali


• Ubumenyi ngiro bwashyizwemo imbaraga hibandwa ku guteza imbere amashuri y’imyuga hagamijwe kurwanya ubushomeri no gufasha abaturage kwihangira imirimo cyane cyane urubyiruko.

2.4.2. Ubuzima

Hatewe intambwe ishimishije mu guteza imbere urwego rw’ubuzima

• Hashyizweho gahunda y’ubwisungane mu kwivuza izwi cyane ku izina ry’Igifaransa nka “Mutuelle de santé”. Muri iyi gahunda, buri muturage atanga amafaranga inshuro imwe mu mwaka, bitewe n’amikoro afite kandi hanagendewe ku kiciro cy’ubukungu arimo, agahabwa ikarita imwemerera kwivuza aho ageze hose mu gihugu. Abakene batabasha kubona amafaranga asabwa, Leta irayabatangira.

• Ibikorwaremezo by’ubuvuzi byegerejwe abaturage ku buryo ntawe ugikora urugendo rurerure ajya kwa muganga igihe arwaye. Amavuriro n’ibigo nderabuzima biri mu mirenge yose y’u Rwanda bifasha abaturage kwivuza, gukingiza abana, kubyara, kwipimisha ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA n’ibindi. Buri Karere gafite nibura ibitaro bishobora kuvura indwara zirenze ubushobozi bw’amavuriro mato n’ibigo nderabuzima. Indwara zikomeye nazo zivurirwa mu bitaro bikuru birimo Ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal, Ibitaro bya Kaminuza, n’Ibitaro bya Gisirikare.

imbangukiragutabara zifasha zifasha mu kwihuti-sha ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi

Ubwishingizi mu kwivuza bugabanya ikiguzi cy’ubuvuzi.

• Abanduye agakoko gatera SIDA ndetse n’abarwaye igituntu bahabwa imiti ku buntu.

• Hafashwe ingamba zo kugabanya Malariya. Kuri ubu umubare w’abicwa na Malariya waragabanutse ku buryo bugaragara kuva kuri 36,8% muri 2006, kugeza kuri 3,5% muri 2010.

• Abana bose bagejeje igihe bakingirwa ku buntu.

2.4.3. Gufasha abatishoboye

Abatishoboye barimo Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside, impfubyi, abafite ubumuga, abatahutse, abasigajwe inyuma n’amateka, abapfakazi n’abasaza bitabwaho by’umwihariko binyuze muri gahunda za Guverinoma zikurikira:

• Gahunda y’Icyerekezo 2020 Umurenge (VUP): Ni imwe muri gahunda zikubiye mu ngamba z’igihugu z’iterambere ry’ubukungu no kugabanya ubukene (EDPRS). Iyi gahunda yatangiye muri 2008 igizwe n’ibice bitatu: (1)Imfashanyo ihabwa imiryango ikennye kurusha iyindi ndetse idashobora kugira umurimo ubyara inyungu ikora bitewe n’impavu zitandukanye, (2) Ibikorwa bitanga imirimo ku miryango ikennye kurusha iyindi (3) Gufasha imiryango ikennye kubona inguzanyo iciriritse mu rwego rwo kuyifasha guhanga imirimo ibyara inyungu. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2012, iyi gahunda yari imaze gukorera mu mirenge 120 mu gihugu hose, hibandwa ku mirenge ikennye kurusha iyindi.

• Komisiyo y’igihugu yo gusezerera abasirikare bavuye ku rugerero no kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe (RDRC): Abasirikare basezererwa, harimo abahoze mu gisirikare cy’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), Ingabo zahoze ari iza FAR, ndetse n’abahoze mu yindi mitwe yitwaje intwaro,bahabwa inyigisho z’uburere mboneragihugu mu gihe cy’amezi atatu mbere y’uko basubizwa mu buzima bwa gisivili. Mu rwego rwo kubafasha kubaho nyuma y’ubuzima bwa gisirikare, bafashwa muri gahunda zikurikira:

• Kwigishwa imyuga itandukanye (Ubudozi, ubwubatsi,


ububaji,ubukanishi, n’indi myuga

• Bigishwa kandi gukora imishinga bakanahabwa imfashanyo yo kuyishyira mu bikorwa.

• Abamugariye ku rugamba bavurwa ku buntu

• Gahunda y’Ubudehe: Iyi gahunda igamije gufasha abaturage bakennye gukora imishinga iciriritse Leta ikabaha inkunga.

Abaturage bahawe inka muri gahunda ya Girinka Munyarwanda, nabo iyo zimaze kororoka baroroza abaturanyi babo

• Guhunda Girinka-Munyarwanda: Ni gahunda igamije koroza buri Munyarwanda inka ariko igahera ku bakennye kurusha abandi.

3. UMWANZUROAmakuru akubiye muri aka gatabo, afasha Abanyarwanda bamaze imyaka irenga 19 mu buhingiro kubona neza isura y’u Rwanda, nyuma y’igihe kirerekira bamaze batahagera. Aya makuru kandi agamije kwereka abakiri mu buhungiro ndetse n’abatinya gutahuka bagifite impungenge z’uburyo bazakirwa n’uburyo bazabaho bageze mu Rwanda, ko hari gahunda zamaze gutegurwa zigamije kubakira no kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe ku buryo burambye.

U Rwanda rero ni igihugu kirimo amahoro, umutekano n’iterambere ku buryo nta Munyarwandsa ukwiye gukomeza kubaho yitwa impunzi, kuko impamvu zose zatumye Abanyarwanda bahunga igihugu cyabo zarangiye.

Amakuru akubiye muri aka gatabo aboneka ku rubuga rwa Minisiteri y’Imicungire y’Ibiza n’Impunzi (MIDIMAR): www.midimar.gov.rw

Ukeneye andi makuru wakwandika ubutumwa bwawe ukohereza kuri

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