bology presentation

8/6/2019 Bology Presentation

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The Important of

proper

management of

developmentactivities and the

ecosystem


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THE NEEDED FOR

DEVELOPMENT AND THE

EFFECTS OF AN INCREASINGPOPULATION ON THE

ECOSYSTEM


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MEASURES TAKEN IN

THE MANAGEMENTOF DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITIES


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IMPLEMENTATIONOF

LAWSa)The Environmental QualityAct,1974,1989.This is the principlelegislation that regulates and governs the prevention and

control of population as well as the enhancement ofenvironment.

Sewage and Industrial Effluents Regulations ,1979

Motor Vehicle Noise Regulations,1987

Environment ImpactAssessment Order,1987Schedule Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities

Regulations,1989

Control of Emission from Diesel Engines Regulations,1996

b)

The National Forestry Act,1984:protect and preserve forest and

wildlife ofthe countryc)

The Pesticides Act,1974:control the use of pesticides

d)

The Fisheries Act,1985:control marine pollution

e)

The Protection of Wildlife Act,1972


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USE OF TECHNOLOGYUSE OF TECHNOLOGY Install catalyticconverters in vehicle to clean upInstall catalyticconverters in vehicle to clean up

exhaustexhaust

Use unleaded petrol to reduce the emission of leadUse unleaded petrol to reduce the emission of lead

into the environmentinto the environment

Treat sewage in sewage treatment plantsTreat sewage in sewage treatment plants Treattoxic waste from factories before it is beingTreattoxic waste from factories before it is being

dischargedischarge

Use microorganism to clean up the environmentUse microorganism to clean up the environment

Use technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissionsUse technology to reduce carbon dioxide emissionsfrom power plants.Liquefy the carbon dioxide andfrom power plants.Liquefy the carbon dioxide and

store it undergroundstore it underground

Reduce methane emission, a byReduce methane emission, a by--productcattle andproductcattle and

other livestock waste,and introduce bettercontrolsother livestock waste,and introduce bettercontrols

on nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen fertilisers.on nitrous oxide emissions from nitrogen fertilisers.


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Recyclingis collecting and segregating waste according tothe types of materials and turning to the types of materials

and turning this waste into new products

Reuse means use things such as old plastic and bottles

again for other purposes instead ofthrowing them away Reduce means cutting down ofthe use of materials.For

example,the use of plasticbags which are non-biodegradable

should be reduce

Recycle is important because:

Fewer landfills will be needed to dispose of rubbish and

wastes

Itcuts down the use of natural resources,for example,fewer

trees will be cut down to make furniture and paper

It saves energy.For example,less energy is needed to melt and

use it again than extract it from the ore


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PRESERVATIONAND

CONSERVATIONOFSOIL,WATER,THEFLORA

ANDFAUNAOFFORESTS,AND

MANGROVESWAMPS


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PreservationPreservation involves efforts to protect aninvolves efforts to protect anecosystem so that natural resources are utilised in aecosystem so that natural resources are utilised in asustainable manner and thatthe equilibrium ofthesustainable manner and thatthe equilibrium oftheecosystem is maintained.ecosystem is maintained.

ConservationConservation involves efforts to return aninvolves efforts to return anaffected ecosystem to its natural equilibrium.affected ecosystem to its natural equilibrium.

A)Preservation of soilA)Preservation of soil

Good farming techniques will prevent erosion andGood farming techniques will prevent erosion andsoil depletionsoil depletion

Good agriculture practices includeGood agriculture practices include

Crop rotationCrop rotation

Contour farmingContour farming

Controlled grazingControlled grazing Planting covercropsPlanting covercrops

The appropriate use of fertilisersThe appropriate use of fertilisers

Effective drainage and irrigationEffective drainage and irrigation


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WATERSOURCESAND

CATCHMENTAREASRivers must not be regarded as

dumping sites for domestic andtoxic wastes which can pollute

the water.

The use of nitrates andphosphate in agriculture must

be controlled to prevent run-offs

into river and ponds.


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Establishment of a level of selective harvesting .This meansonly mature trees are removed.

Reforestation or large scale replanting oftrees.Replanting

programmes ensure that forest where logging activitieshave been carry out are not damage and the forestcontinue toproductive.

Implementation ofrestoration programmes to restore damagedhabitats so that natural resources and wildlife can bepreserved.

Establishment offorest reserves to preventthe destruction ofexisting forest and to maintain the equilibrium ofthe

ecosystem so thatthe quality ofthe environment is preserved.

Greater productivityfrom existing agriculture lands will reducethe pressure to convert more forest for agriculture purpose andbiodiversity can be protected.


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MANGROVE SWAMPS

Rich source ofbiodiversity.It use as fuel,buildingmaterials and pilings.Mangrove swamps providefood,nesting and nursery areas for many animal.

Mangrove swamps play an important role in flood

control,nutrient retention,sediment controland theprevention ofcoastal erosion.They also act asbarrier against rising sea levels.

When an area of mangrove swamp forest is clearedfor aquaculture and development,many plant andanimal species threatened to the point of extinction.

Mangrove swamp found along the coastline mustbeprotected ,preserved and conserved.


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Biologicalcontrol is the use of natural predators to control

the population of pest species.

Examples ofbiological control:

The use ofcaterpillars ofthe species cactoblastis cactorum

to control the prickly pearcactus which spreads quickly and

invades farming lands

The use of hoverfly larvae to control aphids which feed on

control plants.

Biological control is betterthan using chemical

control which involve in pesticides: the use of pesticides is harmless and kill the pest

Effects of pesticides can be persistent and remain in the

environment for a long period

The cost of using pesticides is high

The extensive use of pesticides pollutes the environment


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THE USE OF RENEWABLE

ENERGY Renewable energyis energy flow that occurs naturally inthe environment and can be harnessed for the benefit ofhumans and does not pollute the environment.

Example of renewable energy:

Solar energy which can be converted into electricity andused in heating

Wind energy which is used tooperate windmills topumpwater for the irrigationof crops.

Flowingwaterwhich is used to generate hydroelectricpower

Wave energy-the upward and downward motionofwavesis harnessedto generate energy

Geothermal energy

Biomass energywhich isproducewhendecomposingorganicmatter releases a gas containing 50% ofmethane

Gasoholwhich is conversionof energy in biomass

Palmoilfuel can be converted intomethyl esterwhich isused asfuel


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THE EFFICIENT USETHE EFFICIENT USE

OF ENERGYOF ENERGY

Reduce the burning ofcoal, petroleum and other

fossil fuels.

Substitute natural gas forcoal power plants.

Improve fuel efficiency in vehicles-use cars that run

on energy-efficient engines.

Use a cleaner fuel by reducing the content of sulphur

in diesel and switching to gas

Improve energy efficiency in factories

Use more hybrid cars which combine electric and

gasoline engines.


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Hierarchy in the classification of organism

Kingdom:animalia

Phylum:arthropoda

Class:insecta

Order:ortopthera

Family:acrididae

Genus:melanoplus

Species:m.differentialis


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PREPAREDBY:

GROUP: DNA

MUHAMMAD NUR ALSIDIQ BIN KOSROM

DINESH NAIDU A/L KRISHNAN

MUHAMMAD NUR AFIQ BIN RAHMAT

CHERILYN TEO JIALING

LIM LING MEI

*4SC1*


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THANK YOU

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