Blood components review

• What type of cell do you have the most of in your blood?

• What is the function of platelets?

• What 2 gases do RBCs carry?

• The decreased oxygen carrying capacity of erythrocytes is called _____.

Parent Alleles                 

A B O

AAA(A)

AB(AB)

AO(A)

BAB

(AB)BB(B)

BO(B)

OAO(A)

BO(B)

OO(O)

Population group O A B AB Rh+

European-American 45 40 11 4 85

African-American 49 27 20 4 95

Korean-American 32 28 30 10 100

Japanese-American 31 38 21 10 100

Chinese-American 42 27 25 6 100

Native American 79 16 4 1 100

Blood types

• Inherited

• Proteins on surface of erythrocytes – antigens (agglutinogens)

• Blood type is determined based on presence of antigens

• ABO and Rh

ABO blood groups• Antigen A and antigen B

• O IS THE ABSENCE OF ANTIGENS

• Antibodies are the opposite (located in plasma)– EX: type A blood has type A antigen and

antibodies for B (anti-B antibodies)– Type AB blood has type A and type B

antigens and antibodies against neither

•You have antibodies for any antigens that your RBCs lack

•You do NOT have antibodies that react with antigens of your own RBCs

•Antibodies are too large to cross the placenta

antibodies

TRANSFUSIONS

• The transfer of whole blood or blood components

• Blood is the most easily shared tissue

Transfusion reactions

• Antibodies of recipient bind to antigens of donor = agglutination, RBCs rupture (leaky plasma membrane) and hemoglobin leaks out and can clog filtration membranes of kidneys leading to kidney failure

Rh blood groups• Another type of

antigen• Either Rh+ (have antigen)

or Rh _ (don’t have it)

• Do not develop antibodiesautomatically; need exposure first. 1st exposure = no transfusion reaction

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)

• Rh+ fetus blood leaks into mother’s circulation, the mother develops anti-Rh antibodies (if she is Rh--). If mother is pregnant again, her anti-Rh antibodies can cross placenta into the fetal blood. If the 2nd fetus is Rh+, there will be an antigen-antibody reaction.

• Prevention: all Rh- mothers receive RhoGAM injection soon after delivery to prevent her forming antibodies