blast management plan draft

APPENDIX 5 – DRAFT BLAST MANAGEMENT PLAN

Orica Mining Services Page 1 COPYRIGHT

<<Controlled Document – Check you have the latest revision before use>>

Orica Mining ServicesBlasting Safety Management Plan Revision Number - One

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE

This document and any following pages are intended solely for the individual(s)

entity(s) named. They are confidential and may contain legally privileged information.

The use, copying or distribution of them or any information they contain, by anyone

other than the addressee, is prohibited. If you have received this document in error,

please contact us so we can arrange for its return. Thank you.

Prepared and authorised by: Richard Taylor

Technical Services Engineer

Reviewed by: Gavin Mason

NZ Operations Superintendant



Table of Contents

1. SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................................................. 5

2. DOCUMENT CONTROL .................................................................................................................................... 6

DISTRIBUTION REGISTER .......................................................................................................................................... 6 REVISION LIST .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

3. SPECIFIC BLAST MANAGEMENT ITEMS ................. ...................................................................................... 7

LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES, CODES OF PRACTICE AND STANDARDS ............................................................................ 7 HIGH RISK CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................................... 7 ACTIVITIES NOT COVERED BY THIS RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................. 7 APPOINTED PERSONS ............................................................................................................................................... 8

Consultation ........................................................................................................................................................ 8Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................................................................... 9Hazardous Substances ...................................................................................................................................... 9Lifting Gear ......................................................................................................................................................... 9Plant .................................................................................................................................................................... 9Warning Signs and Control Measures ................................................................................................................ 9Accidents and Incidents ...................................................................................................................................... 9Fire Protection .................................................................................................................................................... 9Permits and Licences Required. ........................................................................................................................ 9

4. RISK ASSESSMENT ................................. ...................................................................................................... 10

SUMMARY OF RISK BRAINSTORMING POINTS ........................................................................................................... 10 SUMMARY OF RISK MATRIX AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 10 OTHER PROCEDURES AND DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................. 10

Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs) ....................................................................................................... 10Orica Site Data Sheet (SDS) ............................................................................................................................ 10Orica Job Pack ................................................................................................................................................. 10Customer Site Safety Checklist ........................................................................................................................ 11Blast Evaluation Report .................................................................................................................................... 11Other Documents and References ................................................................................................................... 11

MAIN ELEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 11CONTEXT OF RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 11 RISK EVALUATION TABLE ........................................................................................................................................ 13 POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCE ..................................................................................................................................... 13

5. NOTABLE ........................................ .................................................................................................................... 13

POTENTIAL LIKELIHOOD .......................................................................................................................................... 13 RISK LEVEL DESCRIPTORS ...................................................................................................................................... 14 ORICA INTERNAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT TABLE....................................................................................................... 14 ISEE BLASTING RISK EVALUATION TABLE ............................................................................................................... 14 BLASTING JOB SAFETY & RISK ASSESSMENT FORM ................................................................................................. 17

Consequential Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 21Miscellaneous Issues ....................................................................................................................................... 22Other Activities ................................................................................................................................................. 24Post Blast Activities .......................................................................................................................................... 25Sleeping Shots ................................................................................................................................................. 26

5. BLAST DEMARCATION AND PROTECTION ................ ................................................................................ 28

BLAST BARRICADING .............................................................................................................................................. 28 EXAMPLE OF SIGN ................................................................................................................................................... 28 RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................................... 29

6. BLAST FIRING PROCEDURE .......................... .............................................................................................. 30

APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 30 KEY HAZARDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 PROCESS STEPS .................................................................................................................................................... 30

Communication of Blasting Advice on the Blast Day ....................................................................................... 30



Pre-blast planning ............................................................................................................................................. 30Early Equipment Movement ............................................................................................................................. 30Pre-blast meeting and JSERA .......................................................................................................................... 31Blast Zone Evacuation ...................................................................................................................................... 31Securing of Blast Exclusion Zone ..................................................................................................................... 32Clearing Runs ................................................................................................................................................... 32Final checks and firing of blast ......................................................................................................................... 32Post blast inspection and All Clear ................................................................................................................... 33

BLAST FIRING PROCESS SHEET .............................................................................................................................. 34 Blast Area & Number: ....................................................................................................................................... 34Shotfirer: ........................................................................................................................................................... 34Morning of the Blast .......................................................................................................................................... 34Blast Guard List ................................................................................................................................................ 34Clearance Check .............................................................................................................................................. 34Radio Call ......................................................................................................................................................... 35Final Clearance Check ..................................................................................................................................... 35Radio Call ......................................................................................................................................................... 35Post Blast Inspection ........................................................................................................................................ 35

BLAST FIRING PROCEDURE ASSESSMENT PAPER ..................................................................................................... 37 Question 1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 37Question 2 ........................................................................................................................................................ 37Question 3 ........................................................................................................................................................ 37Question 4 ........................................................................................................................................................ 38Question 5 ........................................................................................................................................................ 39Question 6 ........................................................................................................................................................ 39Question 7 ........................................................................................................................................................ 40

BLAST GUARD INDUCTION FORM ............................................................................................................................. 41

7. BLAST CLASSIFICATION ............................ .................................................................................................. 43

SOUTH ISLAND MINING SERVICES BLAST CLASSIFICATION TABLE.............................................................................. 43 BLAST CLASS RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................................. 44

Class 1 responsibility ........................................................................................................................................ 44Class 2 responsibility ........................................................................................................................................ 44Class 3 responsibility ........................................................................................................................................ 45Class 4 responsibility ........................................................................................................................................ 45

8. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 46

9. BLAST MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE SIGN OFF ............. ........................................................................... 48



Table of Figures Figure 1. Blast Sign ................................................................................................................................................. 28

Figure 2. Blast Guard Meeting ................................................................................................................................. 31

Table of Tables Table 1. Distribution Register .................................................................................................................................... 6

Table 2. Table of Revisions ....................................................................................................................................... 6

Table 3. High Risk Construction Blasting Activities ................................................................................................... 7

Table 4. Appointed Persons ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Table 5. Table of Shotfirers ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Table 6. Risk Evaluation Table ................................................................................................................................ 13

Table 7. Potential Consequences ............................................................................................................................ 13

Table 8. Potential Likelihood .................................................................................................................................... 13

Table 9. Risk Level Descriptors ............................................................................................................................... 14

Table 10. Orica Hazard Management Table ........................................................................................................... 14

Table 11. ISEE Risk Evaluation Table ..................................................................................................................... 14

Table 12. JSERA Risk Assessment Form ............................................................................................................... 17



1. Scope of Work

This document is designed to provide a base of working procedure to each Orica site; it defines the Orica Blasting Safety Management Plan (BSMP). It is to be used as the base model for blasting on site in conjunction with the site specific blasting parameters defined for the site. This specific document is designed for blasting at the Eastern Coal Site and outlines the blasting requirements and processes that Orica and Contractor personnel are expected to follow.

Deviation from this basic practice requires full risk review with Orica Technical Services, Operations as well as Contractor management.

Project Principal: Eastern Coal Supplies

Client: Takitimu Coal Ltd

Blasting Contractor: Orica Mining Services

Drilling Contractor: TBA



2. Document Control

This is a controlled document, frequently amended and updated as site conditions change and procedures are amended. This document is controlled by the Author. Check with the Author that you have the latest copy before using this document. The revision in use will be identified by the date and time of printing shown on the bottom of each page.

Author: Richard Taylor Technical Services Engineer Orica Mining Services

Distribution Register

These people will be sent new copies of the document each time it is amended.

Table 1. Distribution Register

Gavin Mason Orica Mining Services – NZ Operations Manager

Richard Taylor Orica Mining Services – Tech Services Engineer

Mark Marnane Orica Mining Services – (Surveyor) Orica Site Manager

Steve McQuirk Orica Mining Services – Shotfirer/Shotfirer

Craig Pledger Orica Mining Services - Account Manager

Revision List

Date By Revision Details

Table 2. Table of Revisions

22/02/2011 Richard Taylor Set Revision 1 for review for BTW ONLY



3. Specific Blast Management Items

Legislative References, Codes of Practice and Stand ards

The following have been identified as specifically relevant to the activities to be undertaken.

• Hazardous Substances (classes 1 to 5 controls) Regulations 2001 (SR2001-116) ( as at 01 December 2008) New Zealand legislation

• Land Transport Rule – Dangerous Goods 2005

• ERMA codes of practice

• NZ Land Transport Agency

• Australian Standard 2187.2-2006 Use of Explosives

High Risk Construction Activities

The following High Risk Construction Activities are expected to occur on this job :

Table 3. High Risk Construction Blasting Activities

Entering a Trench more than 1.5m deep N

Using explosives; Y

Entering a confined space; N

Using a hazardous substance; Y

Working where the person could fall at least 2.0m; Y

Doing asbestos work or demolition work; N

Working near moving powered mobile plant at a workplace; Y

Working in, over or adjacent to water where there is a risk of drowning;

N

Working on, or adjacent to, a road or railway; N / Y

Working on or near a pressurised gas distribution mains or pipes; N

Working near exposed energised electrical installation; N / Y

Other work that could result in death or bodily harm : N

Activities not covered by this risk assessment

Refer to Risk Assessments by others.

1. None specified



Appointed Persons

A Shotfirer may fire a blast of a class that they are appointed for without review. The Shotfirer must obtain approval from an appointed person prior to loading and firing any blast with a class higher than they are appointed for.

Table 4. Appointed Persons

Name Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Richard Taylor

Mark Marnane

Steve McQuirk

Table 5. Table of Shotfirers

Shotfirers Skill / Competency / Licence

Mark Marnane NZ Approved Handlers Certificate

Steve McQuirk NZ Approved Handlers Certificate

The shotfirer and engineer for each blast in a project may vary from time to time. The responsible shotfirer for each blast is named on the front of the Orica Job-pack folder.

The Orica Shotfirer will provide supervision of Orica activities. The Shotfirer will inspect and assess the work area before starting work and will have the final authority regarding all aspects of the work related to Orica’s contract while onsite.

The Orica Responsible Person is responsible for cross checking the shotfirer’s work when the blast design parameters change.

Consultation

Orica operate a system of blast classification from Class 1 (simple blasts) to Class 4 (complex blasts). The blast design must be cross checked and reviewed by others, with the level of review being commensurate with the class of blast. Full details are contained in the Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs).

Orica use the “Take 5” system for conducting daily pre-start assessment of working conditions and on-the-spot hazard assessment. Orica personnel will have “Take 5” forms on site.



Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The minimum standard of PPE required by Orica is:

• Hard Hat, Lace up Safety Boots, Safety Glasses

• Long sleeves and long trousers (hi-visibility)

• Hearing Protection, Respiratory Protection, Face Shields if required

• Gloves (When operating)

• Dust Masks (when required e.g. Working near drill)

Hazardous Substances

The Orica Engineer will provide Material Safety Data Sheets to the client for all explosives and ancillary chemical items brought on site. Up to date MSDSs for all Orica products can be obtained from www.oricaminingservices.com.

Lifting Gear

Orica propose to bring no lifting gear onsite. Lifting gear already onsite will be used if required.

Plant

Orica do propose to bring light vehicles and a Mobile Manufacturing Unit (MMU) to site. These are subject to daily pre-start checks and regular servicing as per the manufacturer’s handbook.

Warning Signs and Control Measures

Warning signs, and hi vis yellow cones will be erected around the blast area.

Accidents and Incidents

All accidents and incidents are to be reported to customer, and Orica. See the list in Appendix D for details of contacts to be notified.

Fire Protection

Fire extinguishers on light and heavy vehicles are checked daily as part of the Orica Pre-Start checklist. MMUs are equipped with two 9kg dry chemical extinguisher and Light Vehicles are equipped with one 1.5kg dry chemical extinguisher.

Permits and Licences Required.

• The Orica Shotfirer’s Ute does not require licensing under New Zealand law.

• The Shotfirer’s Ute drivers hold the appropriate Dangerous Good’s driver’s licences

• The MMU drivers hold the appropriate Dangerous Good’s driver’s licences.



4. Risk Assessment A Risk Assessment for the job is contained within Appendix A. The following points were identified as the greatest risk or hazards to be addressed:

Summary of Risk Brainstorming Points

Main Risks Identified are (not in order of severity) :

• Fly-rock

• Misfires

Summary of Risk Matrix and Conclusions

• A blast clearance zone will be determined.

• There are no major vibration and airblast sensitive receivers within 1 km of the blast site. Blast Vibrations will be monitored at the nearest houses as per environmental agreement.

• The blast will be checked for misfires after firing as per Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs)

• Orica will provide a quick explosives identification toolbox talk to the customer’s supervisors and excavator operators as required.

Other Procedures and Documents

It is impractical to keep all blast design data, records and procedures in a single document. This section details other Orica documents that form an integral part of the Blast Management Plan.

Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs)

Blasting on this site will be conducted according to Orica Mine (Quarry) Services Blasting Procedures. The primary procedural document is the Orica Mining Services Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs). This document details all generic blast planning, design and loading procedures to be used. The Shotfirer will have a copy of this document with him while onsite.

Orica Site Data Sheet (SDS)

Under normal Orica Mining Blasting procedures, the blast design parameters to be used for a specific site will be contained in the “Site Data Sheet” (SDS). The SDS will be updated if blast design parameters change. The Site Data Sheet is an integral part of the blast management plan, and is kept in the Orica Job-pack for each blast.

Orica Job Pack

The blast designs and blast records will be contained in the standard Orica “Job-pack”. A job-pack is prepared for each blast and is kept on file by the local Orica plant office. The job-pack contains all standard records of the blast including:

• Pre-blast survey data and boretraking (if applicable)

• As-drilled depths and locations of all blastholes

• Record of short or blocked blastholes

• As-loaded record of all short or blocked blastholes

• Types and quantities of initiating explosives and packaged explosives used;

• Types and quantities of bulk explosives used;



• Initiation plan including charge mass per delay (MIC) and method of initiation

• Vibration and Airblast records

Customer Site Safety Checklist

The Customer Site Safety Checklist is completed once at the beginning of work on a new site or project. It is designed to ensure the customer is aware of Orica’s procedures and vice versa, and identify any gaps that may exist between the two. The Customer Site Safety Checklist should be kept in the Job-pack of the first blast.

Blast Evaluation Report

After each blast the Orica Shotfirer will complete a one page “Blast Evaluation Report” outlining the general results of the blast, quantities used, volume of the blast, monitoring results and any other notable occurrences. This will be kept in the job-pack.

Other Documents and References

The following other documents have been referenced in the preparation of this Blast Management Plan :

• None

Main Elements

From AS / NZS 4360:2004

• Communicate & Consult • Establish Context • Identify Risks • Analyse Risks • Evaluate Risks • Treat Risks • Monitor & Review

Context of Risk Assessment

When identifying blast-related hazards, we consider:

� Regulation requirements

� Other activities in area

� Associated tasks

� Site layout

� Property in non-safety zone

� Internal property damage

� Power lines, underground services

� All weather conditions

� Timing of activity

� Safety equipment needed

� Visitors and contractors

� Uneven surfaces



� Vehicle suitability

� Operator competence

� Delays in charging / firing

� Neighbours

� Traffic/ Speed limits

� Restricted areas / Signs

� Face / ground conditions

� Geology

� Off-spec drilling, lost holes

� Oversize

� Toe

� Back-break

� Airblast, Vibration

� Evacuation areas, Road blocks



Risk Evaluation Table

L (Likelihood) X C (Consequence) = R (Risk)

Table 6. Risk Evaluation Table

Likelihood of Occurrence

Potential Consequences

5

Notable

10

Significant

15

Highly Significant

20

Serious

25

Very Serious

30

Catastrophic

Probable 25 50 75 100 125 150

Possible 20 40 60 80 100 120

Unlikely 15 30 45 60 75 90

Very Unlikely 10 20 30 40 50 60

Extremely Unlikely

5 10 15 20 25 30

Potential consequence

Table 7. Potential Consequences

Identifier Descriptor Example or detailed description 1 Notable First aid treatment, no damage/financial loss. An event which is unlikely to cause minor

injury or damage, has minimal potential for effects outside the immediate area, and is quickly brought under control.

2 Significant Medical treatment required (MTC or RWC), on-site release immediately contained (minor spill), minor damage/financial loss (<$10k).

3 Highly Significant Lost workday case (LWC or multiple MTC’s), on-site release (larger spill) requiring organised clean up, off-site release with no detrimental effects, moderate damage/financial loss (<$100k).

4 Serious Serious injuries (LWC, hospitalisation) with permanent disability, off-site release with minimal local detrimental effects, significant damage/financial loss (up to $1M).

5 Extremely Serious Death, significant release off-site with detrimental effect, national media attention, permanent disability, extremely serious damage/financial loss(>$1M).

6 Catastrophic Multiple deaths, extremely severe pollution, damage/ financial loss (>$5M)

Potential Likelihood

Table 8. Potential Likelihood

A Almost Certain Will occur at least once a year.

B Very Likely Very likely to occur during a 10 year period of operation

C Likely Likely to occur at least once during the operating life of the facility/business.

D Unlikely Known to have happened occasionally in other industries and companies but unlikely to occur here.



E Very Unlikely Has occurred somewhere in the world, (heard of it happening)

F Extremely Unlikely Could theoretically occur but not aware of any instances. Event is virtually impossible

Risk Level Descriptors

Table 9. Risk Level Descriptors

Definitions

E Extreme Unacceptable Risk. Job cannot proceed without resolving this risk issue. Question the need to undertake the work. Seek line management approval.

H High Unacceptable level of risk without further controls. Take action to reduce the risk. Controls must be in place before starting task.

M Medium Acceptable level of risk where further risk reduction is not practicable. Identify implement further controls as appropriate.

L Low Generally minimal level of risk. Further risk reduction should always be considered but may not be practicable.

Note that the risk estimations and “weightings” are subjective and based on the experience and interpretation of those persons contributing to the study. For matters relating to blasting technology and design this is mostly provided by the writer of this report.

Orica takes all reasonable efforts to ensure an accurate understanding of client requirements. The information contained in this report is as accurate and up-to-date as possible based on this understanding. Orica accepts no liability to any person for any injury, loss or damage resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information contained in this report or for any injury, loss or damage resulting from the omission of any information in this report. No expressed or implied warranties are given other than those implied mandatorily by Commonwealth, State or Territory legislation.

Orica Internal Hazard Management Table

Table 10. Orica Hazard Management Table (Updated fo r New Zealand)

Risk Who Signs Off Type of Investigation

1-10 Shotfirer / Supervisor Site visit, sign off note in job pack

11-20 TS Blasting Engineer Site visit, report in job pack

21-50 TS Engineer / Project Manager (signoff from the Business Manager or Snr Tech Service Eng)

Site visit, Risk report in job pack

Over 50 Must be reduced Unlikely to accept work

ISEE Blasting Risk Evaluation Table

The Journal of Explosives Engineering, July/ August 2000

Table 11. ISEE Risk Evaluation Table

Concern Primary Impacts Controls

Fly-rock Damage and Injury Pre-qualification requirements, blasting controls (blast mats-burden requirements) stemming requirement blast plan reviews, and inspection work.

Structural damage to buildings

Damage claims, work delays or suspension

Pre-qualification requirements, blasting controls, blast plan submittals and reviews, careful inspection of work, public education, effects monitoring and pre, blast condition surveys.

Damage to rock slopes and final

Rock fall , remedial slope repairs, work

Evaluate in situ condition of slopes and install additional support is



Concern Primary Impacts Controls

excavation walls disruption needed. Develop blasting controls and carefully monitor the work.

Damage to buried pipes and utilities

Unrealistic restrictions or total ban on blasting

Pre-qualification requirements, blasting(controls, blast plan submittals and reviews, careful inspection of work, effects monitoring and blasting effects evaluation study by expert.

Startled people Complaints Inform neighbours before each blast.

Damaged water wells or aquifers

Blasting prohibition or project delays

Blasting controls, pre-blast / post blast inspections, effects monitoring and blasting effects evaluation study by expert

Environmental Impacts or other Animal Effects

Disapproved EIS, blasting prohibition or delays

Blasting controls, pre-blast and/or post. blast inspections, and blasting impacts and mitigation study by expert.

Work or business disruption

Financial damage claims and/or organised opposition to the work

Public education, blasting controls, monitoring and schedule blasting during non-working hours.

Contractual Claims and Legal Actions

Financial damages Owners and Engineers: Have appropriate experts review contract documents and specifications. Prepare pre-qualification requirements to ensure personnel are capable of performing the work, and carefully inspect and document all non-conforming work.

Contractors: Carefully evaluate all available documents-including all geotechnical information, attend pre-construction meetings, document all efforts to conform and barriers to conformance



Table 12. JSERA Risk Assessment Form

Blasting Job Safety & Risk Assessment FormPage / Date

Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Access to site Personnel not inducted or qualified to

access site 5 5 25 Site specific inductions required to enter

working areas.

If not inducted then to be escorted at all times

Orica 1 5 5

Obtain Permits and Notifications

Permits for Blasting Required 2 5 10 Site to confirm Mine Manager / 2IC 1 5 10

Mark out holes Holes marked in wrong place 5 5 25 Orica Surveyor to mark out blast pattern

Holes off design to be recorded and assessed

Orica Surveyor 1 5 5

Transport Men and Explosives to site

Traffic accidents 2 20 40 Fatigue management

Log book hours

DG Qualified drivers

Low risk driver training

Licensed DG Transport Vehicles and Drivers

Orica 1 20 20

Store Explosives onsite Theft, Loss 2 20 40 Explosives not in use to be kept locked in Shotfirer’s vehicle within site boundary fence or under constant supervision by Shotfirer or assistant.

Orica 1 20 20




Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Make up primers Loss or theft of explosives.

Premature explosion due to Fire, Impact, Static, Heat.

1 20 20 Refer to Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions.

Primers to be made up at the collar of the blasthole.

NO SMOKING within blast area

No other construction activities to occur within 6m of blast boundary.

Orica Shotfirer 1 20 20

Load Blastholes Loss or theft of explosives.

Premature explosion due Fire, Impact Static or Heat

Hole over loaded leading to fly-rock, airblast, damage to shaft.


Shotfirer to “record by exception” those holes that are not loaded to the design.

Orica Shotfirer

Review by Orica Engineer

1 25 25

Tie Up Initiation System Loss or theft of explosives.

Incorrect tie-up leading to misfire.


Shotfirer to provide Initiation Design.

Shotfirer to record by exception deviations from initiation design.

All initiation systems and tie up to be double checked by at least 2 people.


Fire Blast – see below




Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Vibration Damage to Power lines 2 15 30 Orica Engineer to provide estimate of

vibration levels at Power pole.

Record actual vibration level at power pole for 1 to 3 blasts or more if required.

Monitor MIC (Maximum Instantaneous Charge)

Shotfirer &

Orica Engineer

2 10 20

Vibration Damage to underground services, nearby buildings, embankment.

2 15 30 Orica Engineer to provide estimate of vibration levels at tailing dam embankment.

Surveyor to review with Mine Manager every 5 blasts.

Orica Surveyor &

Orica Engineer

1 15 15

Fly-rock within blast clearance area

Damage to equipment, services or vehicles within blast clearance area. Decant Structure, instrumentation and solar panel within blast clearance zone.

2 15 30 Clear area around blast to 300m radius as much as practicable. No people, move all cars and mobile equipment that can be moved.

Design blast stemming and charge mass for no fly-rock beyond 100m as shown in site data sheet

Orica Shotfirer

Orica Engineer

1 15 30

Fly-rock outside blast clearance area

Damage to private property, death or injury to employees or public.

2 30 60 Area is sparsely populated. Blast design should not send fly-rock beyond 150m if correctly implemented.

Only fire if fully reviewed and it is clear and safe to do so.





Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Fly-rock hitting Power Lines

Destroy power supply for surrounding farms and towns

2 15 30 Design blast so rock movement is away from Power Lines.

Use adequate & appropriate stemming

Shotfirer &

Orica Engineer

2 10 20

Airblast damage to unoccupied buildings inside clearance zone

Break windows (130 dBL)

Shed panels buckle (>130 dBL)

3 10 30 Fly-rock controls will also serve as airblast controls. Risk from airblast is minor compared to risk from fly-rock.

Good quality stemming and controls

Survey holes and exposed rock faces to control burden as per Orica SWIs if required


Airblast damage to occupied buildings beyond clearance zone

Shake building (>145 dBL) 2 10 20 Fly-rock controls will also service as airblast controls.

No buildings within expected high overpressure zone.

Orica Surveyor &

Orica Engineer 1 10 10

Airblast – Surprise persons

Surprise to people working on site who are not aware of blast may cause accident. May cause reports of explosion to local authorities.

4 10 40 Pre-advise blast times to everyone on site. Use site 2 way radio and shotfirer’s siren immediately before blast.

Site to provide notice to neighbours as required.

Orica Shotfirer

Mine Manager / 2IC 1 10 10




Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R

Consequential Issues

Blast dust cloud Dust from blast causes nuisance or damage to sensitive equipment.

3 5 15 Blast is not expected to be significantly dusty. Blast design controls for fly-rock will also help to reduce dust.

Site water truck if required on bench

Orica

Mine Manager / 2IC

1 5 5

Poor rock breakage Undiggable, non-productive blast. 3 15 45 Agree on Risk Vs Result outcomes

Communicate to client that fragmentation results are a trade off with fly-rock controls and cost.


Re-fire unbroken humps Re-entry and scrappy blasting of rock

Fly-rock and airblast problems

4 10 40 Use good blasting practices and design to prevent toe as per SEB and SWI.

Dip all holes prior to loading. Redrill blocked holes. Use adequate subdrill.

Orica Surveyor &


Operational delays May run out of time due to delays after loading has started. May have to sleep shot. Misfire may occur at last light.

3 10 30 Allow plenty of time, sufficient labour to complete job in time with enough time to recover misfire. Have contingency plan to sleep shot or misfires (blast guards, signs, fences). Load shot in sequence so it can be fired if necessary.

Orica Engineer / North Island Ops Manager

Orica Surveyor

2 10 20




Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Sleeping Shots Product may exceed sleep time

Security of shot overnight

Damage to loaded holes overnight.

5 5 25 Allow plenty of time, sufficient labour to complete job in time with enough time to recover misfire. Have contingency plan to sleep shot or misfires (blast guards, signs, fences, cover material). Confirm sleep times before loading commences.


Orica Surveyor

2 5 10

Miscellaneous Issues

Electric initiation Premature electric initiation by phones, under power lines, radar

3 20 60 Use Nonelectric initiation Orica Engineer 0 20 0

Weather Rain may inundate shot with water.

Lightning may occur during loading, requiring enforcement of blast clearance zone.

2 20 40 Check weather forecast before loading commences. Use waterproof explosive by default. Ensure blast area is well drained. Use non-electric initiation system. Be prepared to cut off shot and fire if lightning storm approaches, or be prepared to evacuate area.


Exploration Holes / Escape to surface

Unidentified exploration holes or other paths will allow gas energy to escape and propel missiles

5 10 50 Locate and survey test holes. Stem all test holes after they are drilled.

Evacuate area around blast

Notify on site data sheet

Orica Engineer

Orica Shotfirer

1 10 10




Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Ejection of Collar Pipes Collar pipes (if used) may be ejected

from holes 5 10 50 Do not use collar pipes, or remove collar

pipes, or use false burden to contain.

Manage as required during drilling phase

Collar with clay and liquid collar products

Orica Shotfirer

Site Driller 0 10 0

Animals No domestic animals in blast area or local area

Areas close to residence may have minor risk of pet access

1 10 10 Control access points and monitor location as per site data sheet

Manage as per requirements with neighbours during notifications

Orica Shotfirer


Reactive Ground Reactive ground may react with explosive to cause premature explosion

2 15 30 Short sleep time – shot will be loaded and fired within 6 hours.

Use the site data sheet for reference


Slips, Trips and Falls Tripping over on uneven ground

Falling down batters

2 25 50 Mine Manager/2IC to prepare bench by removing boulders / loose material as requested

Orica to impose 2m exclusion zone from all crests as per Orica Shotfirer’s Work Instructions (SWIs)

Mine Manager / 2IC


Hot ground Heat in excess 55 Degrees may cause product degradation

2 15 30 Highly unlikely to be hot ground.

When dipping holes for depth manually feel temperature of tape, If it feels above normal ambient temperature further monitoring is required with ground thermometer.





Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R

Other Activities

Explosive storage and correct quantities

No explosives storage is available on site.

Fatigue issue driving to and from Magazine each day.

4 10 40 Shotfirer to prepare load sheet and quantities the day prior to the blast.

Temporary storage of IE and HE in Shot ute under supervision.


Security of Explosives onsite

Theft or loss of explosives. 4 20 80 Ensure that the site is already secured by boundary fence and gate security.

Orica MMU and shot ute will be under shotfirer’s supervision

.Ensure constant supervision if no security guard or fence

Shotfirer to keep daily record of stock used as per Orica SWIs.


Orica Surveyor

1 20 20

Working close to crest Blast crew may fall over crest / down shaft

4 15 60 Orica Shotfirer to establish 2m exclusion zone from all crests as per Orica SWIs and additional site required safety systems

Orica Shotfirer

Orica Surveyor

Site Drillers

2 15 30

Overcharged holes Flyrock bursts, vibration 4 15 60 Managed onsite charging procedure. Use packaged explosives for correct dosing. Holes to be cleaned and checked before loaded. Holes with insufficient stemming to be identified and treated or covered with false burden. Suck out excess product with supplied equipment.





Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Blast Area Clearance Failure to do clearance may result in

people being in blast exclusion area at blast time. Very large blast exclusion area may be hard to clear.

4 15 60 Conduct Assessment for blast clearance with the assistance of Mine Manager / 2IC. At least 2 blast guards will be required, with some form of contact such as UHF radios according to the site specific data sheet.

Orica Shotfirer

Mine Manager

1 15 15

Subsurface work areas / tunnels

Blasting adjacent to other works leads to risk of equipment damage, fumes or scare persons underground at the time of blast.

3 15 45 Mine Manager / 2IC to confirm blast is not adjacent to any underground structures or excavations (e.g. underground mine)


Post Blast Activities

Misfires Misfires may remain unidentified in the ground and may not be correctly identified by earthmoving contractor. Shotfirer is at least 4-6 hours from site if a misfire is found.

3 15 45 Use standard procedures to check for complete initiation after blast. Show excavator operators how to identify explosives. Supply Site with MSDS for products.


Poor Rock Breakage / Oversize

Blast may fail to adequately break rock to client’s requirements, resulting in project delay and extra cost

3 10 30 Use high PF for hard rock. Advise client oversize in stemming horizon and face are unavoidable. Consider cost/benefit of importing false burden to improve fragmentation in collar horizon. Make subsequent blasts as large as possible to reduce edge effects.





Event or Activity Potential Hazards & Effects L C R Possible Elimination Measures Responsibility L C R Blasting Fumes Blast fumes may affect surface and

subsurface workers and may remain in underground spaces well after the blast

- - - Assess areas where fume may be trapped pre blast.

Allow fumes to clear before re-entering blast area.

Orica Shotfirer - - -

Sleeping Shots

Planned or unplanned sleeping of loaded blastholes over one or two nights

Unauthorised access to site may cause unknown damage to leads, premature initiation, theft, malicious damage. Lightning storm activity may occur overnight.

3 25 75 Use Orica standard blast demarcation and prepare an inducted and security cleared blast guard in advance.

Have a written handover sheet prepared for the Security Guard.

Use electronics where possible.


Orica Surveyor

1 10 10

Sleeping of misfire overnight to allow treatment next day

Unauthorised access to site may cause unknown damage to leads, premature initiation, theft, malicious damage. Lightning storm activity may occur overnight.

3 25 75 Fire blasts before 3pm to allow enough time to treat simple misfires. Use Orica standard blast demarcation and prepare an inducted and security cleared blast guard in advance.

Plan blasts so there are no exposed explosives on the surface.

Use electronics where possible.


Orica Surveyor

1 10 10



5. Blast Demarcation and Protection

Blast Barricading

• The perimeter of the blast area is to be barricaded by a windrow wherever practically possible. The windrow shall be a minimum of 0.5m high

• The windrow shall be positioned at a distance that prevents any vehicle or machine travelling any closer than 10m to the closest blast hole.

• A risk assessment must be completed if the windrow cannot be positioned 10m from the closest blast hole

• Where a windrow is not in place the 450mm Hi Visibility (VIZ) yellow cones shall be at a spacing no greater than 10m and positioned at a distance that prevents any vehicle or machine travelling any closer than 10m to the closest blast hole.

• A risk assessment must be completed if the cones cannot be positioned 10m from the closest blast hole

• Access ways shall be created into the blast perimeter for use by the Shotfirer and other authorised personnel. No person shall be permitted to enter the blast area without the knowledge and authorisation by the appointed Shotfirer.

• The width of the access ways shall be no less than 3m and no greater than 6m.

• 450mm Hi Viz yellow cones shall be placed across the entrance to access way at a distance no greater than 2m.

• Signs shall be placed at all access ways to the blast area in line with the Hi Viz cones. The signs must be a size no less than 600mm x 400mm and state DANGER – EXPLOSIVES BLAST AREA – NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY – CONTACT ORICA SHOTFIRER

• Signs shall be placed from every accessible direction of the barricaded blast area in line with the Hi Viz yellow cones. The signs must be a size no less than 600mm x 400mm and state DANGER – EXPLOSIVES BLAST AREA – NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY – CONTACT ORICA SHOTFIRER

• All danger signs and Hi Viz yellow cones shall be in place before the commencement of any priming or loading activities.

• All vehicles and personnel other than those directly involved with the Shot firing activities must remain outside the barricaded area at all times.

Example of sign

Figure 1. Blast Sign



Restrictions on Personnel

• The blast crew are the only personnel authorised to be inside the barricaded area.

• Any person wishing to enter a blast area must either make radio contact or visual contact with the Shotfirer from outside the barricaded area. A person can only enter the Blast area once the Shotfirer has given permission.

• A visitor to the Blast area must not touch or disturb any blasting accessories or equipment and must notify the Shotfirer before leaving the area.



6. Blast Firing Procedure

Application

• To protect people from injury due to firing of blasts.

• To protect plant and equipment and fixed assets from damage due to firing of blasts.

• To protect the environment for damage and degradation due to firing of blasts.

Key Hazards

The key hazards associated with undertaking this task are:

• Injury due to fly-rock.

• Exposure to toxic gases and fumes from blast.

• Damage to plant and equipment and fixed assets due to fly-rock and /or vibration.

• Damage to mine walls and slopes resulting in unplanned ground movement, slope or batter failure.

• Damage to the environment caused by fly-rock and/or land slide or slips caused by blast.

• Re entry – Blast inspection

Process Steps

Communication of Blasting Advice on the Blast Day

• Notification of the day’s Blasting activity shall be a standard agenda item at Pre shift meeting for the mine site.

• The Shotfirer shall update the blast board at the Mine entrance on arrival to site to post the blasting activity for the day.

Pre-blast planning

• The Shotfirer shall select the Blasting team (Blast Guards) for the blast and shall advise all members of the time of the Pre-Blast Meeting.

• The Shotfirer shall prepare a JSERA before proceeding with the planned blast.

• The JSERA shall detail the numbers, names and planned locations of Blast Guards, the number and names of Clearing Runners and the routes to be taken. Equipment and work groups known to be operating in the area shall be identified. The forecast for hazardous weather conditions including low visibility and electrical storms shall be checked and contingency plans identified. The JSERA shall also identify the radio channel(s) to be used for blast team communication.

Early Equipment Movement

• During the day the Shotfirer shall liaise with work groups in the planned Blast Exclusion Zone (equipment) concerning machinery the timing of equipment movement from the exclusion zone and parking areas.

• The Shotfirer shall check during the day with Mine Manager on the progress and timing of equipment movements.



• If equipment breaks down in the planned Blast Exclusion Zone (equipment) the Shotfirer shall liaise with the contractor’s site Manager as to whether a risk assessment can be undertaken that will permit the blast to be undertaken while the machinery is within the blast area or whether it must be cancelled.

• Should a planned blast be cancelled the Shotfirer shall make two or more radio announcements during the day advising the details of and location of the cancelled blast. Blasts shall not be deferred to a later time in the day without the express permission of the Mine Manager.

Pre-blast meeting and JSERA

• At least 20 minutes before the Blast Time the Shotfirer shall hold a pre blast meeting which must be attended by all members of the Blast team. The Shotfirer shall brief each member and each member shall read and sign the JSERA.

• All members of the Blast team must be given a clear understanding of the location of their guard point and/or route of their clearing run.

• Blast guards are then to move promptly to their guard point locations and await the Shotfirer’s radio announcement.

Figure 2. Blast Guard Meeting

Blast Zone Evacuation

Follow the “Blast Firing Process Sheet” as below.

Start approximately 20 minutes before Blast Time

Time Action Responsibility

20 minutes before blast time

o Radio announcement by Shotfirer “Attention all personnel, there will be a blast in approximately 20 minutes time in

Shotfirer



<Location>, personnel in the blast exclusion zone must leave immediately”

Securing of Blast Exclusion Zone

Start approximately 10 minutes before Blast Time

Step Action Responsibility

1 o Radio call to blast guards “Blast guards please block your roads” Shotfirer

2 o Blast guards shall close roads

o Blast guards shall prevent all persons from entering the Blast Exclusion Zone from this point in time until the All Clear is given.

Blast guards

3 o `Radio call to each blast guards in turn “<Name>, <Location> are you in position and secure?”

Shotfirer

4 o Blast guard confirmation that position is secure “<Name> at <Location>, in position.”

o If the position is NOT secure the pre-blast process shall stop and the Shotfirer shall immediately investigate.

Blast guards

5 o The blast process shall not resume until the Shotfirer is satisfied that the problem is rectified. The Radio confirmation process shall begin again at step 5.6.1

Shotfirer

Clearing Runs

After the blast guards have closed their roads and confirmed their position is secure:

• The Shotfirer (and such approved Clearing Runners as have been pre-arranged) shall commence the clearing run(s).

• Light vehicles used for Clearing Runs shall sound a siren continuously as applicable.

• If personnel or machinery are found in the Exclusion Zone the Blast Process shall be suspended, the personnel and or machinery removed from the Exclusion Zone and a serious incident report shall be initiated.

Final checks and firing of blast

Start approximately 5 minutes before Blast Time.

Step Action Responsibility

1 o Radio announcement by Shotfirer “Attention all personnel, blasting is about to take place in <location>, please observe radio silence during this period”

Shotfirer

2 o Radio call to each blast guard: “<Name>, <Location> are you in position and secure?”

Shotfirer

3 o Each blast guard shall confirm that position is secure “<Name> at <Location>, in position and secure.” If the position is NOT secure the blast process shall stop and the Shotfirer shall immediately investigate.

Blast guard



4 o The blast process shall not resume until the Shotfirer is satisfied that the problem is rectified. The Radio confirmation process shall begin again at step.3

5 o Radio announcement by Shotfirer “Attention all units, blasting is about to take place in <location>”

o Shotfirer sounds siren and transmits over the Radio.

Shotfirer

6 o Shotfirer repeats blast guard checks and responses Steps 2 to 5. Shotfirer

7 o Radio announcement by Shotfirer “Attention all personnel <Shotfirer company> are firing a blast in the <location> in ten (10) seconds”

Shotfirer

8 o Shotfirer shall wait 10 seconds, allowing radio notification from blast guards and then initiate the blast immediately.

Shotfirer

Post blast inspection and All Clear

After the blast is fired:

• Blast guards must wait in their positions and listen to shotfirers instructions.

• The Shotfirer shall wait until gases and fumes have cleared before approaching the blast area.

• When electronic detonators are used the Shotfirer shall wait 5 minutes before approaching the blast.

• The Shotfirer will visually check the blast area to confirm that it has initiated and that there are no environmental problems.

• IF the blast fails to fully initiate the Shotfirer shall keep all Blast guards in position until the Blast Area is made safe. The Shotfirer shall then follow the SWI for Managing a Misfire.

• When the Shotfirer is satisfied the blast area is safe he will announce on the radio Orica Shotfirer <Name> have an All Clear at <location>, blast guards you may open your roads”

• The Shotfirer shall walk the complete blast area to ensure that all holes have successfully initiated. If a Misfire is discovered the Shotfirer shall then follow the SWI for Managing a Misfire.

Figure 3. Blast Firing



Blast Firing Process Sheet

Blast Area & Number: Shotfirer:

Date: Firing Time:

Morning of the Blast Complete

1 Confirm blast time with Contractor’s Site Manager.

Set up blast boards.

2

Obtain aerial site map if available

Determine blast zone.

Determine blast guard positions and number of blast guards required

3 Notify blast guards of their locations and time of blast

4 Carry out familiarisation of blast area

5 Recover blasting equipment prior to blasting

6 Install “Blast Monitoring Equipment”

Approximately 20 minute Blast Pre-call

Conduct pre blast meeting with Blast Team members.

Blast Guard List

Blast Guard Name Trained Position

Guard 1

Guard 2

Guard 3

Guard 4

Guard 5

Guard 6

Approximately 20 minute Blast Pre-call. Radio announcement by the Shotfirer. Blast guards go to your positions

Clearance Check

Blast Guard Name Position In Position and secure

Clearance runner

Clearance runner



Clearance runner

Guard 1

Guard 2

Guard 3

Guard 4

Guard 5

Guard 6

Blast Clearance runners do clearing runs.

Check blast monitoring equipment is running (video & vibration)

Radio Call Complete

Copy all personnel, We are about to fire a shot in the Number 6 Pit . Can we have radio silence during this period please.

Sound the siren three times over the 2 way radio

Final Clearance Check

Blast Guard Name Position In Position and secure

Guard 1

Guard 2

Guard 3

Guard 4

Guard 5

Guard 6

Radio Call Complete

Copy all personnel we are firing a shot in the Number 6 pit in 10 seconds.

Copy all personnel the shot has now been fired, blast guards please remain in position.

Visual inspection of blast area for misfires and to ensure area is safe

Copy all personnel the shot in the area of the Number 6 Pit is all clear. Blast guards you can now stand down.

Post Blast Inspection Complete

Area inspected for environmental impact.



Blast Guard Name Trained Guard Position and Clearance

Route

20m

in c

all

CheckClearance

and Guards 10min

5 m

in C

all +

3 S

irens

CheckFinal

Clearance

Cal

l 10

seco

nds

Cal

lRem

ain

in P

ositi

on

Cal

l All

Cle

ar

Clearance runner 1

Clearance runner 2

Clearance runner 3

Guard 1

Guard 2

Guard 3

Guard 4

Guard 5

Guard 6



Blast Firing Procedure Assessment Paper

Trainees name: Trainers name:

Trainees signature: Trainers signature:

The trainee is required to answer all questions correctly in order to be deemed to have adequate understanding of this procedure. The trainer/assessor shall re-train/re-assess on incorrect answers.

Question 1 What information should be included in the JSERA carried out prior to the blast (list at least five (5) examples of information required)?

Question 2 If equipment breaks down in the planned Blast Exclusion Zone the Shotfirer shall liaise with the Contractor’s Site Manager as to whether a risk assessment can be undertaken that will permit the shot to be fired or whether it must be cancelled.

True False

Question 3 Regarding the Pre-Blast Meeting, which of the following statements are correct?

a)

• At least 20min before the Blast Time the Shotfirer shall hold a pre-blast meeting, which must be attended by all of the Blast Team

c)

• All members of the Blast Team must be given a Blast Exclusion Zone Map and must clearly understand the location of their guard point and/or route to their clearing run

b)

• The Shotfirer shall brief each member on their tasks and each member shall read and sign the JSERA

d)

• All of a), b), c)



Question 4 Match up the RH column letter (blue column) with the LH column Step (yellow column) with regard to Securing the Blast Exclusion Zone sequence of activities.

Step Matched Letter

Letter Action

1 a) o Blast guards shall close roads..

o Blast guards shall prevent all persons from entering the Blast Exclusion Zone from this point in time until the All Clear is given.

2 b)

o The blast process shall not resume until the Shotfirer is satisfied that the problem is rectified. The Radio confirmation process shall begin again at step 5.6.1

3. c)

o Radio call to blast guards “Blast guards please block your roads”

4. d)

o Radio call to each blast guards in turn “<Name>, <Location> are you in position and secure?”

5. e) o Blast guard confirmation that position is secure

“<Name> at <Location>, in position.”

o If the position is NOT secure the pre-blast process shall stop and the Shotfirer shall immediately investigate.



Question 5 After the blast guards have closed their roads and confirmed their position is secure, which of the following set of actions is correct (circle one)?

a)

• The Shotfirer shall commence the Clearing Run(s)

• 4WD vehicles used for the Clearing Run shall sound the siren continuously

• If personnel are found in the exclusion zone the Blast Process shall be suspended, the personnel removed, and an incident report initiated

c)

• The Shotfirer shall ask all Blast Guards via RT if they are OK

• The Blast Guards shall leave their vehicles and do a ground inspection of the guard area

• The Blast Guard shall then call the Shotfirer that all is OK

• The Blast Guard can leave the Blast Area

b)

• The Shotfirer shall commence the Clearing Run(s)

• Guard vehicles shall have the orange flashing beacons operating

• The Blast Guard shall do a walk around inspection of the guard area

d)

• The Blast Guard shall commence a clearing run for his / her Blast Guard area

• The guard vehicle shall have the orange beacon working at all times and hazards lights flashing

• The Shotfirer shall then contact the Blast Guards to determine if all is clear

Question 6 The Shotfirer is required to make a radio announcement (across all active channels on site), that this is a 20 minute warning of a blast going to take place; including location and notice that all personnel in the firing zone must leave immediately.

True False



Question 7 Which of the following actions must be carried out after each blast has been fired to make sure all is safe (circle one)?

a)

• Blast Guards leave their positions and return to their normal places of work

• The Shotfirer has a quick check of the Blast Area and then calls on the Radio across all channels that all is clear

• The Shotfirer returns to the office to fill out the paperwork

c)

• The Shotfirer informs all Blast Guards to leave their positions once they have cleared the cones from the access roads

• The Shotfirer immediately inspects the Blast Area with a gas detector before gases and fumes have dispersed so he / she can determine what gases have been emitted from the blast

• The Shotfirer informs all personnel on site via the radio that all is clear

b)

• Blast Guards remain in their positions

• The Shotfirer waits until all gases and fumes have cleared before approaching the blast area

• When the Shotfirer is satisfied the Blast Area is safe he / she will announce on the radio across all channels that there is an All Clear

• The Shotfirer then walks the complete Blast Area to ensure all holes have successfully initiated

d)

• Blast Guards remain in their positions

• The Shotfirer drives to the office to inform the Operations Manager that the blast has been fired

• The Shotfirer returns to the Blast Area and inspects the shot to make sure all holes have been initiated

• The Shotfirer then drives around all guard locations and checks with the Blast Guards that no person has been injured or there is no damage to equipment

• The Shotfirer announces to site personnel via the radio that all is clear



Blast Guard Induction Form

Name of Trainee : __________________________________________

Name of Trainer: _________________ Date: _______ _________

Name of Employer:

KEY POINTS Employee Initial

BLAST GUARD DUTIES

Blast guard positions/ locations

(Must be outside the blast zone determined by the Shotfirer)

Blast zone map.

(Shotfirer must provide the Blast Guard with a map)

Blast Guard must attend a pre blast meeting

(20 minutes before the blast)

Who has control of the blast guard position while blasting is taking place

(Shotfirer/Blast Guard)

Who is the blast controller

(Shotfirer or person appointed by the Shotfirer)

Who may pass through a blast guard position whilst the blast is taking place

(Nobody)

Who is allowed inside the blast zone while a blast takes place

(Only the Shotfirer and people with the Shotfirer)

Why must a blast siren be used

(Audible warning device to inform people a blast is about to take place)

When may the blast guard leave their position

(Only once the Shotfirer has given the ALL CLEAR)

What is meant by the ALL CLEAR

(The Blast area is safe to re enter)

Who is allowed to give the ALL CLEAR

(Shotfirer/Blast Controller)

Clearance Run Duties

Blast zone exclusion zone map

(Obtain from the Shotfirer)

Clearance run vehicles

(Must have flashing light and siren)

Define the blast zone and your clearance area of the blast



zone

(Discuss with the Shotfirer at pre blast meeting)

Determine the path you need to travel to complete your part of the clearance run

(Discuss with the Shotfirer at pre blast meeting)

Unattended machinery found inside the blast zone Report to the Shotfirer and inspect the area for personnel.

(Check inside the machine.)

Unattended light vehicle found inside the blast zone

(Report to the Shotfirer and inspect the area for Personnel. Check inside the vehicle.)

Portable buildings, lunchrooms toilets etc inside the blast zone.

(Check inside the building for personnel and ensure the leave the blast zone)

Personnel found in the blast zone

(Report to the Shotfirer and ensure they leave the blast zone and confirm once they are clear of the blast zone)

When clearance run is complete.

(Report back to the Shotfirer to confirm)

An incident report must be raised if any person is found inside the blast zone while the clearance run is underway

By signing this induction, I the undersigned, am satisfied that the supervisor who conducted this induction has instructed me sufficiently to safely carry out my activities. I further agree to carry out any activities in compliance with the guidelines stated during the induction. I will notify my supervisor should any hazards be noted, I am unsure of any aspect, or I am involved in any incident/ accident.

Trainees Signature: _______________________________ _______________

Trainers Signature: ___________________ Date: ____ ______________



7. Blast Classification

South Island Mining Services Blast Classification T able

Blast description Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Class 1

Standard blast within the scope of a current Site Data Sheet. (SDS)

Class 2

Blasts with predominantly decked holes or across multiple benches

3 faces (for example main face and two free ends)

Face slope exceeds 30 ° (for example large slip planes).

Poor geology/mixed rock types that require special patterns or loading.

Multiple blasts one blast fired close to another loaded or drilled blast or blasts fired on 2 different benches simultaneous

Toe Holes

Trim blasts, pre -split, post -split

Armour rock blasts

Environmental concerns such as when blasting is expected to be near the vibration or air blast limits for that site

Face has not been cleared prior to profiling.

If the obscured part of the face can be profiled prior to charging the blast holes, and the loading of the holes adjusted appropriately, then the blast will revert to a Class 1.

Blast without Survey

Class 3

Drop cuts, ramps, trenches (for example no free face, or not using the free face to fire towards).



Blast description Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Secondary blasting Oversize boulders

Blasts with increased risk If the plant, services or unoccupied buildings are closer than 50 m, there is mining plant less than 150 m directly in front of the blast, or the public is closer than 250m

Construction blasting which requires specialist techniques. For example using PCF, small diameter holes (<64 mm) or working from elevated platforms.

Environmentally sensitive blasts where the vibration and airblast targets are not expected to be met.

Trial blasting or where Orica is blasting at a new site for the first time, or using a new product.

Class 4

Close proximity High risk blasting . Generally where sensitive structures are within 20 m or occupied buildings or the public is closer than 80 m, these are considered class 4 blasts).

Demolitions

Blast Class Responsibilities

Class 1 responsibility

The Surveyor and Shotfirer are responsible for ensuring the requirements of the Mine Services Work Instructions are followed when executing these blasts.


The Appointed Person is responsible for ensuring the requirements of the Mine Services Work Instructions are followed when designing these blasts.

The Appointed Person should be familiar with the mine and the blasting area. Some types of class 2 blasts (see class 2 descriptions) will require a site visit by the Appointed Person. This is to familiarise themselves with the blast, either during the planning stage, when the blast is marked out, during drilling or boretraking, or on loading day.

The Appointed Person/Shotfirer/Surveyor will arrange for the ‘Blast Risk Notification

Form’ to be filled out and signed by the site management if required. This form

records the identification and possible outcomes of situations such as;

• Faces that can’t be profiled



• Out of specification drilling

• Mine site property close to the blast

The Appointed Person will advise the Surveyor or Shotfirer of any special instructions to be followed to make the blast perform safely and efficiently. These instructions should be recorded in the job pack together with the name of the person who specified them.

The Appointed Person will indicate on the job pack cover any blast documents they will need to review before the blast is drilled or loaded.

The Appointed Person can reclassify the blast as a class 3 if the blast is particularly difficult or involves increased risk


The Appointed Person is responsible for ensuring the Mine (Quarry) Services Work Instructions are followed when executing these blasts.

As soon as a blast is classified as a Class 3 blast the person making the classification should make sure that the Area Business Manager is notified first, and then the mine management are contacted and agreement is reached on any special requirements such as;

Signing the ’Blast Risk Notification Form’

Adjustments to the contracted price

Review of blasting procedures.

The Appointed Person must ensure they are familiar with the site and the Shotfirer nominated to fire the blast. The AP must have sufficient information to assess the blast design in context of the specific risks and the skills and knowledge of the Shotfirer nominated to execute the blast.

The Appointed Person shall sign the front of the job pack once he/she has reviewed the blast documentation, prior to the firing of the blast (for remote sites, written confirmation can be sent by fax instead).


A Senior Engineer must review all class 4 blast designs and risk assessments. Each blast design must be individually reviewed. This is irrespective of who the original blast designer is.

The Appointed Person is responsible for ensuring the requirements of the Quarry Services Work Instructions are followed when executing these blasts.

The Appointed Person is responsible for ensuring the requirements of the Construction Blasting Work Instructions are followed when executing these blasts.

A JSERA needs to be completed for all Class 4 blasts prior to marking out the blast holes. The Appointed Person is responsible for the preparation of the JSERA. This will outline special precautions, and charging and firing methods to be followed

The Appointed Person will be present during loading and firing of the blast.



8. Definitions

Stemming Backfill on top of explosive column to contain explosive energy

Burden Distance between rows or distance from front row to free face

MMU Mobile Manufacturing Unit (Bulk Explosives Truck)

IE / HE Initiating Explosives / High Explosives (Detonators and Boosters)

MIC Maximum Instantaneous Charge – Number of kg or holes firing at any instant during the blast

DME Dept of Mines and Energy (Explosives Inspectorate)

PPV Peak Particle Velocity (mm/s) – standard unit for measuring vibrations from blasting and other construction activities

Powder Factor

Weight of explosive loaded per cubic metre of rock (kg/bcm)

SWI Orica Quarry Services Shotfirer’s Work Instructions. This document contains the procedures to be used by Orica Shotfirers and their assistants for tasks common to all blasting operations.

SDS Orica Site Data Sheet. This document lists the blast design parameters to be used for the site. The Orica Shotfirer is obliged by the SWIs to work within the range of values specified on the SDS.

Blast Area An area of a Mine in which a shot is being loaded and is intended to be fired.

Blast Board A notice board located at certain positions on the site, approved by the Mine Manager for the purpose of providing blast advice to all persons on the site.

Blast Exclusion Zone (personnel)

The purpose of the Blast Exclusion Zone (personnel) is to define an area of the Mine from which all personnel shall be excluded from the time the area is closed to entry before the blast, so as to prevent injury. The zone shall be centred on a Blast Area and the radius shall be determined by the Shotfirer. The radius of the zone shall take into account any directional aspects of the blast, wind direction and practical blast guard location points

Blast Exclusion Zone (equipment)

The purpose of the Blast Exclusion Zone (equipment) is to define an area of the mine from which all equipment shall be excluded from the time the area is closed to entry before the blast, so as to prevent damage. The zone shall be centred on a Blast Area. The radius of the zone shall take into account any directional aspects of the blast, wind direction and practical routes for the removal of equipment from the zone.

Blast Exclusion Zone Maps

Blast Exclusion Zone Maps shall be based upon a recent aerial photograph of the Blast Area and Mine with a grid map where possible.

Road positions shall accurately reflect the current position of roads. The perimeter of the Blast Exclusion Zone (personnel) shall be shown by a heavy red line.

Blast Guard A person who has undergone a site Blast Guard induction and who has been approved to act as a Blast Guard by the Shotfirer.

Blast Time The precise twenty four hour clock time in at which it is intended to initiate a blast



JSERAJob Safety Environment Risk Analysis.

Shotfirer A person who holds a Certificate of Competency as a Shotfirer and who has been approved to act as a Shotfirer by Orica.

Sleeping Shot

A blast area in which the blastholes have been loaded but which has not been tied up and which is not intended to be initiated during the relevant day or shift

Appointed Person

An Orica employee with the authority to fire or approve for firing a blast up to a certain classification. See ‘Blast Classification’ section.



9. Blast Management Procedure Sign Off

All personnel working in the blasting area have rea d and understand this Blasting Management Plan :

Name / Signature Date Company / Role