biomechanics of a volleyball spike carli smith cody eitzmann ryan dubberke

Biomechanics of a Volleyball Spike Carli Smith Cody Eitzmann Ryan Dubberke

Objectives of a Volleyball Swing Achieve maximum vertical height through the approach to the net Achieve maximum vertical height through the approach to the net Swing at highest contact point Swing at highest contact point Generate as much arm swing as possible driving through the ball after hitting contact point Generate as much arm swing as possible driving through the ball after hitting contact point After achieving highest contact point, hit the ball over the net and over the block to desired location After achieving highest contact point, hit the ball over the net and over the block to desired location

Facts Men spike record: 82.02 mph Men spike record: 82.02 mph College men average spike: 50 60 mph College men average spike: 50 60 mph Women spike record: 64 mph Women spike record: 64 mph College women average spike: 45-55 mph College women average spike: 45-55 mph Highest vertical jump: 50 inches Leonel Marshall Highest vertical jump: 50 inches Leonel Marshall An elite college volleyball player will perform 40,000 or more hits in one year An elite college volleyball player will perform 40,000 or more hits in one year

Characteristics of a Volleyball Spike The approach The approach Take-off Take-off Arm swing Arm swing Timing/placement of hit from set Timing/placement of hit from set Velocity of different hits Velocity of different hits

Real Life Volleyball Swing

Steps to Hitting the Ball 1 st Step: 1 st Step: Approach Approach 2 nd Step: 2 nd Step: Take off/Arm swing Take off/Arm swing 3 rd Step: 3 rd Step: Vertical jump/Load Vertical jump/Load 4 th Step: 4 th Step: The Spike The Spike 5 th Step: 5 th Step: Landing Landing

Step 1: Approach Muscles used: Muscles used: Lower Body Lower Body Knee extenders (Quadriceps, hamstrings), knee joint, ankle joint, gluteus maximus, hip flexors, calf, anterior tibial Knee extenders (Quadriceps, hamstrings), knee joint, ankle joint, gluteus maximus, hip flexors, calf, anterior tibial Upper Body Upper Body Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, latissimus dorsi, elbow, trapezius, anterior/posterior deltoids, triceps Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, latissimus dorsi, elbow, trapezius, anterior/posterior deltoids, triceps

Step 1 Continued Forces Used Forces Used Knee flexion and extension Knee flexion and extension Elbow flexion and extension Elbow flexion and extension Shoulder abduction Shoulder abduction Hip flexion Hip flexion

Step 2: Take off Muscles used: Muscles used: Lower Body: Lower Body: Knee extenders (Quads, hamstrings), hip flexors, gluteus maximus, calf, anterior tibial Knee extenders (Quads, hamstrings), hip flexors, gluteus maximus, calf, anterior tibial Upper Body: Upper Body: Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, latissimus dorsi, elbow, trapezius, anterior/posterior deltoids, triceps Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, latissimus dorsi, elbow, trapezius, anterior/posterior deltoids, triceps

Step 2 Continued Forces used: Forces used: Trunk flexion with forward rotation Trunk flexion with forward rotation Upper body forward rotation Upper body forward rotation Shoulder forward rotation Shoulder forward rotation Elbow extension Elbow extension

Step 3: Load Muscles used: Muscles used: Upper Body: Upper Body: Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, elbow, anterior/posterior deltoids, biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, elbow, anterior/posterior deltoids, biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi

Step 3 Continued Forces Used Forces Used Shoulder abduction Shoulder abduction Elbow flexion Elbow flexion Shoulder girdle downward rotation Shoulder girdle downward rotation

Step 4: Follow Through Muscles used: Muscles used: Upper Body: Upper Body: Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, elbow, anterior/posterior deltoids, biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, external oblique Shoulder joint, shoulder girdle, elbow, anterior/posterior deltoids, biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, external oblique

Step 4 Continued Forces used Forces used Abdominal contraction Abdominal contraction Shoulder adduction Shoulder adduction Elbow extension Elbow extension

Step 5: Landing Muscles used: Muscles used: Lower Body: Lower Body: Knee extenders (Quads, hamstrings), hip flexors, gluteus maximus, calf, anterior tibial Knee extenders (Quads, hamstrings), hip flexors, gluteus maximus, calf, anterior tibial

Step 5 Continued Forces used: Forces used: Hip flexion Hip flexion Knee flexion Knee flexion Plantar flexion Plantar flexion

Angles Shoulder external rotation 163 Shoulder external rotation 163 Arm acceleration phase: Arm acceleration phase: Maximum elbow extension angular velocity 1666 /s Maximum elbow extension angular velocity 1666 /s Maximum shoulder internal rotation angular velocity 2594 /s Maximum shoulder internal rotation angular velocity 2594 /s Ball contact phase Ball contact phase Shoulder abduction 130 Shoulder abduction 130 Elbow flexion angle 34 Elbow flexion angle 34

Slow Motion Volleyball Swing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMtUqoxfR5 0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMtUqoxfR5 0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMtUqoxfR5 0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMtUqoxfR5 0

Movements of Swing Extension movement of volleyball players in the backswing step is more vertical Extension movement of volleyball players in the backswing step is more vertical The acceleration of a volleyball player during a spike is on the transverse plane The acceleration of a volleyball player during a spike is on the transverse plane Angular width and acceleration levels are high in volleyball players Angular width and acceleration levels are high in volleyball players External rotation is the most frequently used movement in the backswing phase of an overarm movement External rotation is the most frequently used movement in the backswing phase of an overarm movement Volleyball players use vertical flexion more often to gain velocity for a spike Volleyball players use vertical flexion more often to gain velocity for a spike

Resources http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=43581708 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=43581708 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=47910484 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=47910484 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=9&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=36968139 http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=9&sid=dc7b8051-4df5-4130-9826- 0d0881de0bd5%40sessionmgr4002&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#d b=sph&AN=36968139 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=a107b091-b9f6-4590-8c56- 027be2a00b9d%40sessionmgr113&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db= aph&AN=94883542 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=a107b091-b9f6-4590-8c56- 027be2a00b9d%40sessionmgr113&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db= aph&AN=94883542 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=a107b091-b9f6-4590-8c56- 027be2a00b9d%40sessionmgr113&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db= aph&AN=94883542 http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=a107b091-b9f6-4590-8c56- 027be2a00b9d%40sessionmgr113&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db= aph&AN=94883542 Reeser, J., Fleisig, G., Bolt, B., & Ruan, M. (6, March 1). Abstract. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445065/#!po=50.5682 Reeser, J., Fleisig, G., Bolt, B., & Ruan, M. (6, March 1). Abstract. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445065/#!po=50.5682

biomechanics of a volleyball spike carli smith cody eitzmann ryan dubberke

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th step

knee joint

rd step

nd step

triceps shoulder joint

shoulder girdle

highest contact point

net swing