biology 161 - urinalysis [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Kidney Structures
Ureter
Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Renal Capsule
Kidney Structures
Renal Calyx
Renal Pyramid
Renal Sinus
Glomerulus
Kidney Structures
Renal CortexRenal Medulla
Kidney Structures
Renal Calyx
Renal Cortex
Renal Pyramid
Renal Capsule
Kidney Structures
Renal Hilum
Renal Capsule(Covering)
Urinalysis
1.) Test for pH (Bayer Sticks)• Normal pH of urine is 4.5 – 8.0
2.) Color and Turbidity • Normal urine is pale yellow and clear
Urinalysis
3.) Specific Gravity of Urine – specific gravity compares the weight of the urine to the weight of water.
• Water is assigned a specific gravity of 1.00• Urine has a normal specific gravity of 1.003 to 1.035• High specific gravity indicates dehydration• Low specific gravity may indicate diabetes insipidus.
Urinalysis
Specific Gravity Cont. How to Read the urinometer1. Fill the cylinder ¾ full of
urine.2. Place the hydrometer into the
urine.3. Read the scale at the top of
the urine.Midget Urinometer
Urinalysis
4.) Reading the multistix.1. Completely insert the
multistix into the urine.2. Read multistix from top to
bottom on the chart.Note – Do not let the
multistix touch the chart itself while reading it
Urinalysis
Possible Multistix Positives• Blood – may occur with burns, crushing
injuries, hemolytic anemia.• Ketones – may occur with diabetic acidosis.• Glucose – may occur with diabetes mellitus or
with extra intake of sugar.• Protein – may occur with chronic renal failure.
Urinalysis
• The pH – should be in the 4.5 to 8.0 range• Bilirubin – increase with bile duct blockages• Urobilinogen – with total obstruction of bile
flow, no bilirubin reaches the intestines to be worked on by bacteria and changed to urobilinogen in the urine. Urine tends to be pale since urobilinogen colors the urine.
Urinalysis
Benedict’s – tests for the presence of a monosaccharide (reducing sugar) or in our bodies case glucose. The solution will turn from blue to brick red in the presence of glucose.
Urinalysis
Biuret – Tests for the presence of protein in solution. In the presence of protein the solution will turn from blue to violet in color.
Urinalysis
Sulfur – will test for the presence of bile in the urine. If the pinch of sulfur floats in the urine then there is no bile present. If the sulfur sinks and becomes frothy then there is bile present in the urine.