Biology 161 - Urinalysis

Scott.lehbauer@lethbridgecollege.ab.ca

Kidney Structures

Ureter

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Renal Capsule

Kidney Structures

Renal Calyx

Renal Pyramid

Renal Sinus

Glomerulus

Kidney Structures

Renal CortexRenal Medulla

Kidney Structures

Renal Calyx

Renal Cortex

Renal Pyramid

Renal Capsule

Kidney Structures

Renal Hilum

Renal Capsule(Covering)

Urinalysis

1.) Test for pH (Bayer Sticks) Normal pH of urine is 4.5 – 8.0

2.) Color and Turbidity Normal urine is pale yellow and clear

Urinalysis3.) Specific Gravity of Urine – specific gravity

compares the weight of the urine to the weight of water.

Water is assigned a specific gravity of 1.00 Urine has a normal specific gravity of 1.003 to

1.035 High specific gravity indicates dehydration Low specific gravity may indicate diabetes

insipidus.

UrinalysisSpecific Gravity Cont.

How to Read the urinometer

1. Fill the cylinder ¾ full of urine.

2. Place the hydrometer into the urine.

3. Read the scale at the top of the urine.

Midget Urinometer

Urinalysis4.) Reading the multistix.

1. Completely insert the multistix into the urine.

2. Read multistix from top to bottom on the chart.

Note – Do not let the multistix touch the chart itself while reading it

UrinalysisPossible Multistix Positives Blood – may occur with burns, crushing

injuries, hemolytic anemia. Ketones – may occur with diabetic acidosis. Glucose – may occur with diabetes mellitus

or with extra intake of sugar. Protein – may occur with chronic renal

failure.

Urinalysis The pH – should be in the 4.5 to 8.0 range Bilirubin – increase with bile duct blockages Urobilinogen – with total obstruction of bile

flow, no bilirubin reaches the intestines to be worked on by bacteria and changed to urobilinogen in the urine. Urine tends to be pale since urobilinogen colors the urine.

UrinalysisBenedict’s – tests for

the presence of a monosaccharide (reducing sugar) or in our bodies case glucose. The solution will turn from blue to brick red in the presence of glucose.

UrinalysisBiuret – Tests for the

presence of protein in solution. In the presence of protein the solution will turn from blue to violet in color.

Urinalysis

Sulfur – will test for the presence of bile in the urine. If the pinch of sulfur floats in the urine then there is no bile present. If the sulfur sinks and becomes frothy then there is bile present in the urine.