biodiversity i biol 1051 what are eukaryotic microorganisms? professor marc c lavoie...
TRANSCRIPT
BIODIVERSITY IBIOL 1051
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
Professor Marc C Lavoie
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms could be unicellular or
pluricellular
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures
Characteristic Prokaryote
Eukaryote
a. Chromosome Single circular Paired linear
b. Chromosome location Nucleoid (no membrane)
Nucleus (membrane present)
c. Nucleolus Absent Present
d. Extra chromosomal DNA
Plasmid
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
e. Site of Cellular Respiration
Cell membrane Mitochondria
f. Ribosomes 30S & 50S /70 S 40S & 60S /80 S in cytoplasm (70 S in organelles)
g. Locomotion Rotating flagella and gliding
Undulating flagella and cilia , and also amoeboid movement
h. Pili Sex or attachment pili
Absent
5.1 Cytoplasmic membrane
5.2 Cell wall
5.3 Chromosomes
5.4 Ribosomes
40S
60S
80S
5.4 Ribosomes
5.5 Nucleus
5.6 RNA-polymerase
Eukaryotes more complex than Prokaryotes
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
5.7 Cilia and flagella
5.8 Mitochondria
5.8 Mitochondria
Flat Tubular Discoid
5.8 Chloroplast
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication
6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication
6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication
Budding
6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms life cycles
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism ENERGY SOURCE ELECTRON DONNOR CARBON
SOURCE
ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES
AUTO- ALGAE
(CO2) CERTAIN PROTISTS
LITHO- Plants
PHOTO-(Light)
(Inorganic compounds and C1)HETERO-(CH2O)n
None
ORGANO- AUTO- None
(Organic compounds) HETERO- Prokaryotes
AUTO- Prokaryotes
LITHO- HETERO- Prokaryotes
CHEMO-
(Chemical compounds) AUTO- Prokaryotes
ORGANO-
Prokaryotes
MOST PROTISTS
HETERO- FUNGI
Plants (non-chlorophyllic)
Animals
What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells
• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or
pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity
Adl et al 2005
TubulinaeFlabellineaStereomyxidaAcanthamoebidae
AMOEBOZOA Entamoebida
MastigomoebidaPelomyxaEumycetozoaIncertae sedisSpongomonadida
FungiOPISTOKONTA Mesomycetozoa
ChoanomonadaMetazoa
CercozoaHaplosporidia
RHIZARIA Foraminifera
GromiaRadiolaria
GlaucophytaARCHAEPLASTIDA Rhodophyceae
Chloroplastida
CryptophyceaeEUKARYOTA CHROMALVEOLATA Haptophyta
StramenopilesAlveolata
FornicataMalawimonasParabasalia
EXCAVATA Preaxostyla
JakobidaHeteroloboseaEuglenozoa
AncyromonasAposomonadidaeCentrhelida
Incertae sedis Collodictyonidae
EbriaceaSpironemidaeKathablepharidaeStephanopogon
Embley & Martin 2006
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
• Amoeboid locomotion generally with non-eruptive morphologically variable pseudopodia (lobopodia)
AMOEBOZOA
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
OPISTOKONTA
Single posterior cilium without mastigonemes
FUNGI, CHOANOZOA, AND ANIMALS
OPISTOKONTA
FUNGI
CHOANOZOA
ANIMALS
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
RHIZARIA
• With fine pseudopodia (filopodia) varying as simple, branching, anastomosing, or supported by microtubules (axopodia).
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
ARCHAEPLASTIDA• Photosynthetic plastid with chlorophyll a from an
ancestral primary endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium– plastid secondarily lost or reduced in some– usually with cellulose cell wall– flat cristae– storage product: starch
• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS
ALGAE
• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS
ARCHAEPLASTIDA
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
CHROMALVEOLATA
Plastid from secondary endosymbiosis with an ancestral archaeplastida
ALVEOLATES
CHROMALVEOLATA
Dinoflagellates Apicomplexa Ciliates
A typical ciliateParamecium
A flagellate: Trypanosoma
CHROMISTA
Diatoms
Brown algae
Oomycetes
MICRO-ORGANISMS
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA
VIRUSES
RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA
EXCAVATA
• Typically with suspension-feeding groove (cytostome) of the ‘‘excavate’’ type (i.e. homologous to that in Jakoba libera), presumed to be secondarily lost in many taxa
Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• REFERENCE: MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, & PARKER, J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th ed, 2003, PRENTICE HALL, p.472-498.
• PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC. Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001, Sinauer Assiciates Inc., p. 476-499.
Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• WEB Sites:
• http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binaryfission.html
• http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brock2/chapter17/deluxe.html
• http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/101lab1.html
• http://www.liunet.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/chapterA-1.html
Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• WEB Sites:• http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/
may_15.html• www.DennisKunkel.com • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/
Plantcell.gif • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/
BioBookCELL2.html#The nucleus • http://mbclserver.rutgers.edu/~sofer/genetics/
Transcription/Transcription7.html • www.sinauer.com
Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?
• WEB Sites:
• www.whfreeman.com
• http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
• http://ag.arizona.edu/tree/life.html
• http://pearl.spatial.maine.edu/pictures/glossary/ALGAE.jpg
•