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BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules • Carbon based molecules Carbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules • Non-carbon based molecules Non-carbon based molecules

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Page 1: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5)BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5)

Organic molecules Organic molecules •Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules

Inorganic moleculesInorganic molecules•Non-carbon based moleculesNon-carbon based molecules

Page 2: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Organic or Inorganic?Organic or Inorganic?

OO22

NHNH33

CC66HH1212OO66

CHCH33

Page 3: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

4 categories of organic materials:4 categories of organic materials:

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates LipidsLipids ProteinsProteins Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Page 4: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Carbon CompoundsCarbon Compounds

Why is carbon so common in living Why is carbon so common in living things?things?

Carbon is a good “bonder”!!Carbon is a good “bonder”!!

Page 5: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Monomers and PolymersMonomers and Polymers

MonomersMonomers – 1 molecular – 1 molecular unitsunits

PolymersPolymers – monomers linked – monomers linked together into a long chaintogether into a long chain

Page 6: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Building PolymersBuilding Polymers

Dehydration SynthesisDehydration Synthesis•Definition: Definition:

Page 7: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Breaking PolymersBreaking Polymers

HydrolysisHydrolysis•Definition:Definition:

Page 8: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Evaluate…

1. Explain the connection between a monomer and a polymer.

What molecule is released during the construction of a polymer? What is this reaction called?

Page 9: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

1) Carbohydrates1) Carbohydrates Sugars C,H,O Store energy Hydrophilic

(“water-loving”)

Page 10: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Monosaccharides

Monomer of carbs (1 sugar molecule)

simple sugars glucose, fructose, galactose

Page 11: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Disaccharides

Double sugarsFormed by dehydration synthesisSucroseLactoseMaltose

Page 12: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Polysaccharides

Giant polymers of linked monosaccharides

Starch (plants)Glycogen (animals)Cellulose (“fiber”)

http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/catalog/cpd_polysacch.html
Page 13: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

2) LipidsHydrophobic (“water-fearing”)C,H,OStore energyExamples:

FatsOilsWaxesSteroids

Page 14: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Chemistry of Fats

Composed of: 3 fatty acids 1 glycerol molecule

Page 15: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

saturated vs. unsaturated

Page 16: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Let’s Review Carbs & Lipids

What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide? Give an example of each.

How do animals store excess glucose molecules?

What property do lipids share? What are the parts of a fat molecule? What does the term unsaturated fat

on a food label mean?

Page 17: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

3) Proteins

Page 18: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Proteins-Composed of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S

-monomers are amino acids

Page 19: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Structure of Amino Acid 20 different amino acids Each contain:

Amino group (NH2) Carboxyl group (COOH) Side group (R group)

Page 20: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Polypeptide Amino acids link together to

make a polypeptide (i.e. a protein) * see p. 101

Peptide bond-Covalent bond between two

amino acidsFormed by dehydration synthesisSee animation

http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/peptide.html
http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/iText/getTeacherHomepage.do?checkredirect=true&homePageContextClass=&showAssignments=&numberOfAssignments=&newPageId=-1
Page 21: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Peptide bond

Page 22: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Protein Shape

Yarn & Sweater example What influences protein shape?

Sequence of amino acids Surrounding environment

Denaturation- Protein unravels & loses shape

Page 23: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Enzymes- a type of proteinSpeed up chemical

reactions (catalysts)

i.e. Amylase

(saliva)

Page 24: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon
Page 25: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Enzymes lower activation energy

Activation Energy-

Page 26: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

Substrate is what is changed

Enzyme binds to substrate at the active site

How Enzymes Work

http://web.ukonline.co.uk/webwise/spinneret/other/anenz.htm
Page 27: BIOCHEMISTRY (Ch. 5) Organic molecules Organic molecules Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules Inorganic molecules Inorganic molecules Non-carbon

How Enzymes Work

Animation


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