Bellringer

• Do you know any veterans? Will you say thank you to them today?

• Gradesheets/Evaluations in bin please!• Check the no remediation list on the board to

see if you’re on it!! • Get ready for your outline quiz on Chapter 3

section 2!

• BJOTD: What’s green and sings?

Hinduism and Buddhism

Foundations of Hinduism

• Cannot be traced to a single founder. The ideas that shape Hinduism formed over time, as the cultures of the Aryans blended with the non-Aryans in India

Symbol: Aum

Namaste

• “I bow to the divine in you”

• All things on earth are considered to be part of Brahman (the Supreme Cosmic Spirit): everyone and everything has something of the divine in them.

Key Characteristics (according to the SOLs)

• Rigid caste system in religious law based on occupations

• Believed in many gods that are ALL forms of Brahman (the major god)– Monotheistic

• Karma: the knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences– Do good dharma to get good

karma– Dharma: the right thing to do in

any situation—how one should act

• Reincarnation: rebirth based on your karma

• Moksha: release from the cycle of reincarnation and reuniting with Brahman (the goal of Hinduism)

• Spread out along major trade routes throughout Asia

• Sacred writings: Vedas and Upanishads

Vedas & Upanishads

• Vedas: 4 collections of prayers, spells, instructions for rituals– ex. Rig Veda: 1028 hymns devoted to Aryan gods

• Upanishads: written as conversations between student and teacher (upa-near, ni-down, shad-to sit)– Purpose: to understand Vedas and discussion of

how to achieve moksha (freedom of suffering and desires—a state of understanding all things)

Processing

• Why do Hindus bow and say Namaste when they meet each other?

• Describe how a Hindu can achieve moksha.

Hindu Castes

• Rules:– I will give everyone a caste and you will report to

your respective corners– There you will play rock, paper, scissors with other

people in your caste– The winner will be “reincarnated” into a higher

caste and the loser will be “reincarnated” into a lower caste

– Once you have reached “Moksha” (above a Brahmin) you will sit down

Debrief

• Which caste had the most people in it? Why is that so?

• What action determined where you would go next? What aspect of Hinduism does that represent?

• Did you find the game fair?• What problems do you see regarding this

system?

Buddhism

Founding

• Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, who grew up as a Hindu in a part of India that is present-day Nepal

• Born a rich prince, he discovered suffering after leaving his palace and exploring the neighboring town

• He devoted his life to searching for:– Enlightenment: search for religious

truth and wisdom– An end to suffering

Key Characteristics (based on the enlightenment of Buddha)

• 4 Noble Truths– Everything in life is suffering and sorrow– The cause of all suffering is the selfish desires of

people– The way to end all suffering is to end all desire– The way to overcome all desire and attain

enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, or the Middle Way between desires and self-denial

• Eightfold Path—the way to achieve Enlightenment

• By following the Eightfold Path, one could reach total enlightenment, or Nirvana, which was Buddha’s word for the release from selfishness, pain and the cycle of rebirth.

Spreading of Buddhism

•Buddhism became a major religion when Ashoka sent missionaries from India to China and other parts of Asia

Activity

• Draw a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between Hinduism and Buddhism

• Consider both religions’– Founder/origins– Major beliefs– Views on the Afterlife