bell ringer: read section 2 handout in your notes... 1. rank three motives for exploration in...
TRANSCRIPT
BELL RINGER:Read Section 2
Handout In your notes...
1. Rank three motives for exploration in terms of how influential you think each was in the Age of Exploration
2. List four of the advances that allowed for easier exploration during this time. Provide an explanation of each advance.
Section 2: Reading Check
1. Motives for exploration... desire to find new trade routes to Asia excitement over the opportunity for new
knowledge chance to earn fame and glory chance for adventure the desire to claim new lands’ riches and
wealth to spread Christianity.
Section 2: Reading Check
2. Advances... Cartography: Improved mapmaking led
to more accurate maps, which helped explorers by making navigation easier.
Ship design: Improved ship design, such as new caravels, improved navigation and the ability to explore along coastlines.
Compass and astrolabe: Improved compass and astrolabe gave more accurate direction and distance measurements, and helped sailors travel more safely on the open seas.
Weapons: Weapons using gunpowder and steel swords gave Europeans a huge military advantage over native peoples.
Chapter 20Section 1
Spain Builds an American Empire
Objective
Analyze the voyages of Columbus and other Spanish explorers and the Spanish colonization of the Americas
Christopher Columbus Genoese Sea Captain
Searching for a new trade route to Asia
Sailed for Spain – August 3, 1492
“Tierra Tierra” October 12, 1492
Los indios
Claims the island for Spain San Salvador
Page 553, Columbus’ journal
“It was my wish to bypass no island without taking possession”
What was the main goal of explorers?
A. To find a trade route around the world
B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
C. To abolish indigenous peoples
D. To find new sources of wealth
A. To find a trade route around the world
B. To reach the Pacific Ocean
C. To abolish indigenous peoples
D. To find new sources of wealth
Christopher Columbus
Interested in finding GOLD
Spanish monarchs funded three more explorations
Spanish Goal: transform Caribbean islands into colonies (lands controlled by another nation)
What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World lead
to?
A. Spanish colonization of Canada
B. Finding trade routes to Asia
C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia
A. Spanish colonization of Canada
B. Finding trade routes to Asia
C. Other European explorers sailed across the Atlantic
D. Other European nations decide to explore Asia
Pedro Alvares Cabral
Portuguese
Brazil, 1500 – claimed land for Portugal
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian but sailing for Portugal (1501)
Sailed along East Coast of South America
Declared it was a “New World”!
Named “America” in honor of him
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Hijacked a ship
Marched through modern day Panama
1st European to see Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
Spanish funding $$
Started with: 250 men, 5 ships
Sailed around Southern tip of South America (Cape Horn)
Explored Pacific, 1519
Philippines Killed in local civil war
Crew members – 1st to sail around the world
(1522) Ended with: 18 men, 1 ship
What was the significance of
Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile
B. First voyage around the globe
C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
D. First voyage around Cape Horn
What was the significance of
Magellan’s voyage? A. Spanish colonization of Chile
B. First voyage around the globe
C. Interactive with natives of the Philippines
D. First voyage around Cape Horn
Spanish Conquest in Mexico
Hernando Cortes Spanish conquistador (Spanish explorers/conquerors)
Mexico
1st European settlers in America Significantly impacted the
culture in the regions they colonized
Aztec (Tenochtitlan)
Fighting between Spanish and Aztecs...Spanish outnumbered but still defeated Aztecs (1521)
“Disease of the heart that only gold can cure”
How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs in 1521?
1. Superior weaponry
2. help from other natives
3. disease (killed hundreds of thousands)
Interpreting the Map
PAGE 555
Question 1 and 2
Spanish Conquest in Peru
Francisco Pizarro 1532 – conquered the
Incan Empire, Peru
Atahualpa, Incan ruler, had a large army...but met the Spanish unarmed and was captured.
Offered Pizarro loads of gold
Peninsulares – Spanish explorers/settlers in the Americas Mestizo – mixed Spanish and Native population
Encomienda – forced labor of Natives Brazil, 1530, Portugal – sugar plantations
16th Century Spain – richest, most powerful in Europe Increased military
Conquistadors push North
Juan Ponce de Leon
1513
Florida
Francisco Vaquez de Coronado
Explores southwestern North America Arizona, New Mexico,
Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas
Goal: to Christianize
Set up colony in New Mexico – scattered with missionaries, forts, and small ranches Headquarters for
advancing the Catholic Religion
Opposition
Priests spoke out against harsh treatment of natives Encomienda system abolished 1542
Natives resist 1st – against Columbus, St. Croix New Mexico
1680 – Pueblo native forces of 8,000 pushed Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years
New issue: Other Europeans were beginning to colonize
What did Spanish exploration and colonization of the New World
eventually lead to?
Sparked other European explorers to sail across the Atlantic in search of new lands to claim
Answer the following questions:
1. Reread the primary source on page 553. How might Columbus’s view of the Taino have led the Spanish to think they could take advantage of and impose their will on the natives?
2. Why were most of the Spanish explorers drawn to the Americas?