Bell Ringer

List the three motives/causes of Imperialism

List the three Forms of Imperial control

Provide two examples of Imperial control. Example (you need 2 more): -Russian sphere of influence in Iran.

New Global Patterns

Japan

What do you already know?

-Island nation: archipelago-Few natural resources-isolated for hundreds of years-mountainous-emperor

IsolationRuled by the Tokugawa Shogunate and Isolated for 300 years. The Japanese were self-sufficient growing their food, making goods, and necessary resources

Isolation has its problems though:-Corruption was rampant in the emperor’s government-goods were made by hand and were expensive and time consuming-corruption began to break the faith of the Japanese in their government

Based on this, do you think industrialization had yet occurred in Japan? What is your evidence?

Commodore PerryIn 1853, a US fleet of armed ships arrived in Japan. The US ships were led by Commodore Perry. He delivered a letter demanding the Japanese open for trade.

In 1854, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed giving the US

Soon, other imperial powers, such as Britain, Russia and France had similar arrangements.

Japanese Reaction

The Japanese people were split over the foreigners. Many were offended by the forced trade agreements , but others saw it as an opportunity to improve Japan.

What do you think the artist felt?

Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)

The emperor had witnesses how China fell to the foreigners because they refused to modernize.

The emperor began a period of modernization and industrialization known as the Meiji Restoration

MeijiGoal: Japan would adopt Western ways to stand up against them

Method: Japanese scholars and leaders were sent abroad to study the West and its cultures.

Political leaders travelled to Britain, Russia, France, etc. To learn about Western government, economies, technology, and customs.

What types of things do you think the travellers may have seen?

Meiji Pride“This means that about seven years after the first sight of a steamship, after only about five years of practice, the Japanese made a trans-Pacific crossing without help from foreign experts… Even Peter the Great of Russia, who went to Holland to study navigation, could not have equaled this feat of the Japanese.”

What did the Japanese accomplish?

Why is it so shocking?

Fukuzawa YukichiA Japanese scholar who travelled to California. He spent his life writing books to help the Japanese people understand Western thought and culture. He discovered many interesting things:

-Carpeted floors “the floors were covered with valuable carpets that in Japan only the more wealthy could buy… to make purses. Upon this costly fabric walked our hosts (Americans) wearing shoes with which they had come in from the streets!”

-Ice “our drinks arrived with strange fragments floating in them. Some of the party swallowed these particles, others chewed them. Hardly did we expect to find ice in the warm spring weather”

-Dancing“To our dismay, we could not make out what they were doing. The ladies and gentlemen seemed to be hopping about the room together. As funny as it was, we knew it would be rude to laugh, and we controlled our

expressions with difficulty as the dancing went on.”

Why were the carpets so shocking for the Japanese visitors? Why can the US

afford to keep them on the floors?

Reforms-Government modeled after Germany’s Autocratic ruler

-1889 Constitution set up a two house legislature- one elected and one appointed

-All citizens are equal before the law but suffrage is limited

-modernized the military

-Improved infrastructure (roads, bridges, communication systems)

-Adopted Western manufacturing systems

Zaibatsu

The Japanese government invested and developed factories and businesses. They were then bought by Zaibatsu, powerful banking and industry families.

Commodore Perry arrived in agriculturally based Japan in 1853

By 1890 the Japanese had a booming industry and leading military

Unlike China, which resisted modernizing,

Japan embraced it

Changing fashions of the Meiji

Traditional Meiji

Education

In less than 50 years Japan transformed from a traditional agricultural nation, into a powerful industrialized and modern nation

Japan’s imperial conquest

Like other industrialized nations, Japan realized it needed raw materials and new markets.

Neighboring countries Manchuria and Korea have the necessary materials and natural resources.

What do you think will happen?

Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895

In 1894 rising tensions with China over Korean trading broke into war.

China had more resources, but Japan had modernized its army.

Japanese VictoryThe Japanese won the war, and gained influence in South Korea. They also gained trading ports in China and control of Taiwan.

The western powers are shocked by Japan’s victory. They had not thought of Japanese modernizing as a threat to their interests in the East.

Russo-Japanese War 1904The Japanese and Russians were rivals for control in Korea and Manchuria. The tensions over control led to war. The Japanese defeated the Russian troops in Manchuria, and destroyed the Russian Fleet (Navy).

**This marks the first time in modern history that an Asian power beat an European Nation**

Commodore PerryBy implied force

China and JapanModernizeMeiji Restoration

Review

The Japanese reaction to imperialism was to…

The Japanese fought in the Sino-Japanese war.

Who was fighting in this war?

Who is credited with ‘opening’ Japan for

trade? How did he do this?

Japanese in KoreaKorea always felt like a ‘shrimp among the whales” because its neighbors were large and powerful.

By 1910 the Japanese made Korea a protectorate, setting up a puppet government to force its control.

During protectorate rule the Japanese modernized Korea, for their own benefit. Example: the Koreans were producing more rice than ever before, but most of it went to Japan.

Korean NationalismLike other imperial powers, the Japanese were unpopular among their Korean subjects.

The Japanese imposed strict laws aimed at erasing Korean language and culture.

The unfair treatment by the Japanese caused Korean nationalism to grow.

Each time we have talked about a nation taking over another, it has

sparked what feeling? Why?

Think of:Napoleon

Congress of ViennaAfrican Imperialism

Latin American Revolution

South East AsiaAfter Africa and the Middle East were imperialized, the Europeans turned to Asia.

The South Asian countries appealed to the Europeans who wanted to secure sea routes between India and China

British and FrenchThe British and French were the main players of the South Asian areas. The British held the South West between India and Thailand. The French held Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia; known as French Indochina.

Between the two stood Thailand, a needed border between the super powers.

Based on your knowledge of Japan and imperialism, why do you think Siam (Thailand) was able to resist the imperial powers?

They modernized and industrialized their nation to stand against the Western powers

Siam (Thailand) King Mongkut saw how the western powers took over neighboring countries who clung to traditional ways of life. To avoid this he launched a campaign to reform the nation:-- Reformed the government-- trained and supplied a modern army-- Built factories and industry-- Western experts were brought in to teach

In the early 1900s, Britain and France agreed to guarantee Thailand’s independence, but both created spheres of influence to guarantee trade.

The Philippines The Philippine Islands are rich in natural resources and safe harbors. In 1898, the Spanish relinquished (gave up) control of the islands to the United States.

Though the islanders had declared independence in 1986, the US ignored their declaration and forced their rule upon the Filipinos.

HawaiiIn the middle of the Pacific sat Hawaii, a rich nation with large sugar plantations. The Plantations were largely owned by US business men, who disagreed with the Queen’s tax policy.

These plantation owners overthrew the government, and forced their supporters into the government. They eventually convinced the US to annex Hawaii as a state.

What strategic advantage does Hawaii provide for the United States?

ReviewBritish control over South Africa, French control over Indochina, and Spanish control over Mexico are examples of

1.Isolationism2.Appeasement3.Nonalignment4.Imperialism

ReviewDuring the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to

1.Provide jobs for the colonists2. Obtain raw materials needed for industrialization3. Impress the colonists with their technology4. Help missionaries spread Christianity

ReviewAn analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and the Boer War shows that one reason nations go to war is to

1. Assist oppressed people2. Spread religious beliefs3. Satisfy imperialist goals4. Honor provisions of a treaty

ReviewThroughout the 1800s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various European nations to pursue policies of

1. Imperialism2. Socialism3. Isolationism4. communism

Critical Thinking

Write 4-5 sentences explaining why nations like Ethiopia, Japan and Thailand were successful in avoiding European control, and nations such as India and China were not able to do so.

Use your notes to examine the differences.